La Llorona On The Longfellow Bridge

Download La Llorona On The Longfellow Bridge full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online La Llorona On The Longfellow Bridge ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!

La Llorona on the Longfellow Bridge

Author : Alicia Gaspar de Alba
Publisher : Arte Publico Press
ISBN 13 : 9781611921960
Total Pages : 132 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (219 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis La Llorona on the Longfellow Bridge by : Alicia Gaspar de Alba

Download or read book La Llorona on the Longfellow Bridge written by Alicia Gaspar de Alba and published by Arte Publico Press. This book was released on 2003-09-30 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this collection of poetry and essays, Gaspar de Alba incorporates the Mexican archetypal wailing woman who wanders in search of her lost children. La Llorona is more than an archetype: she is a tour guide through the ruins of love and family and the constant presence of the poet's voice. She transcends time, place, and gender. The lines of the poems breathe that haunted spirit as they describe her movidas, both geographic and figurative, in search of the lost mother, the absent father, the abandoned child, the lover, the self. These essays track other movements of thought: reflections on identity, sexuality, and resistance. As a leading interpreter of border life and culture, poet, storyteller, and essayist Gaspar de Alba explores the borders and limits of place, body, and language through a painful series of moves and losses. She prevails and becomes the forger of her own destiny, her own image on the landscape, the interpreter of her own dreams and history. These vibrant poems and essays of self-creation, even to the basic task of choosing her own name, are a testament to the phoenix-like quality of art: the poet can create beauty out of destruction and desolation.

There Was a Woman

Author : Domino Renee Perez
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 029271811X
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis There Was a Woman by : Domino Renee Perez

Download or read book There Was a Woman written by Domino Renee Perez and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2008-07-01 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "How is it that there are so many lloronas?" A haunting figure of Mexican oral and literary traditions, La Llorona permeates the consciousness of her folk community. From a ghost who haunts the riverbank to a murderous mother condemned to wander the earth after killing her own children in an act of revenge or grief, the Weeping Woman has evolved within Chican@ imaginations across centuries, yet no truly comprehensive examination of her impact existed until now. Tracing La Llorona from ancient oral tradition to her appearance in contemporary material culture, There Was a Woman delves into the intriguing transformations of this provocative icon. From La Llorona's roots in legend to the revisions of her story and her exaltation as a symbol of resistance, Domino Renee Perez illuminates her many permutations as seductress, hag, demon, or pitiful woman. Perez draws on more than two hundred artifacts to provide vivid representations of the ways in which these perceived identities are woven from abstract notions—such as morality or nationalism—and from concrete, often misunderstood concepts from advertising to television and literature. The result is a rich and intricate survey of a powerful figure who continues to be reconfigured.

Women Versed in Myth

Author : Colleen S. Harris
Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 0786471921
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (864 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Women Versed in Myth by : Colleen S. Harris

Download or read book Women Versed in Myth written by Colleen S. Harris and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2016-09-09 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Throughout history, men have prayed to gods and poets have interpreted ancient myths for new audiences. But what about women? With sections on teaching and modern writing, this collection of new essays examines how modern female poets--including H.D., Louise Gluck, Ruth Fainlight, Rita Dove, Sylvia Plath and others--have subverted classical expectations in interpreting such legends as Persephone, Helen and Eurydice. Other mythological figures are also explored and rewritten, including Buddhism's Kwan Yin, Celtic Macha, the Aztecs' Coatlicue, Pele of Hawaii, India's Sita, Sumer's Inanna, Yemonja of the Yoruba and many more.

Crimes of the Tongue

Author : Alicia Gaspar de Alba
Publisher : Arte Publico Press
ISBN 13 : 1518507301
Total Pages : 260 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (185 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Crimes of the Tongue by : Alicia Gaspar de Alba

Download or read book Crimes of the Tongue written by Alicia Gaspar de Alba and published by Arte Publico Press. This book was released on 2022-11-30 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A native of the El Paso / Ciudad Juarez region, acclaimed author and scholar Alicia Gaspar de Alba writes that she grew up with “a forked tongue and a severe case of cultural schizophrenia, the split in the psyche that happens to someone who grows up in the borderlands between nations, languages and cultures.” Border dwellers struggle with place and identity in the short fiction included in this collection. An El Paso-born American citizen with a high school diploma and a talent for writing seeks a job as a reporter at the El Paso Herald after World War I but gets hired as a janitor and research specialist instead. A Mexican woman takes her young daughter north to protect her from sexual abuse, only to leave the girl with relatives while she crosses the river in search of a job and a new life. And a college student gets a Tarot reading to help her discern the historical symbolism of her bicultural identity. The award-winning writer explores other “crimes of the tongue” in the essays in this volume: pochismo, or the mixing of English and Spanish, as both a family taboo and a politics of identity; the haunting memory of La Llorona, protector of undocumented immigrants and abandoned children, and her blood-curdling cry of loss and revenge; the intersection of the personal and the political in the transgressive work of Chicana/Latina artists; the sexual and linguistic rebellions of La Malinche and Sor Juana Ines de la Cruz; and the reverse coyotaje, or border crossing, of Chicana lesbian feminist theory translated into Spanish and visual art as a way of sneaking this counterhegemonic pocha poetic thought into Mexico. These essays and stories are always intellectually rigorous and often achingly personal.

Historical Dictionary of U.S. Latino Literature

Author : Francisco A. Lomelí
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1442275499
Total Pages : 519 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (422 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Historical Dictionary of U.S. Latino Literature by : Francisco A. Lomelí

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of U.S. Latino Literature written by Francisco A. Lomelí and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-12-27 with total page 519 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: U.S. Latino Literature is defined as Latino literature within the United States that embraces the heterogeneous inter-groupings of Latinos. For too long U.S. Latino literature has not been thought of as an integral part of the overall shared American literary landscape, but that is slowly changing. This dictionary aims to rectify some of those misconceptions by proving that Latinos do fundamentally express American issues, concerns and perspectives with a flair in linguistic cadences, familial themes, distinct world views, and cross-cultural voices. The Historical Dictionary of U.S. Latino Literature contains a chronology, an introduction, and an extensive bibliography. The dictionary section has cross-referenced entries on U.S. Latino/a authors, and terms relevant to the nature of U.S. Latino literature in order to illustrate and corroborate its foundational bearings within the overall American literary experience. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about this subject.

[Un]framing the "Bad Woman"

Author : Alicia Gaspar de Alba
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 0292758502
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis [Un]framing the "Bad Woman" by : Alicia Gaspar de Alba

Download or read book [Un]framing the "Bad Woman" written by Alicia Gaspar de Alba and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2014-07-15 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of America's leading interpreters of the Chicana experience dismantles the discourses that "frame" women who rebel against patriarchal strictures as "bad women" and offers empowering models of struggle, resistance, and rebirth.

The Meaning of Rivers

Author : T. S. McMillin
Publisher : University of Iowa Press
ISBN 13 : 158729978X
Total Pages : 241 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (872 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Meaning of Rivers by : T. S. McMillin

Download or read book The Meaning of Rivers written by T. S. McMillin and published by University of Iowa Press. This book was released on 2011-03-15 with total page 241 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the continental United States, rivers serve to connect state to state, interior with exterior, the past to the present, but they also divide places and peoples from one another. These connections and divisions have given rise to a diverse body of literature that explores American nature, ranging from travel accounts of seventeenth-century Puritan colonists to magazine articles by twenty-first-century enthusiasts of extreme sports. Using pivotal American writings to determine both what literature can tell us about rivers and, conversely, how rivers help us think about the nature of literature, The Meaning of Rivers introduces readers to the rich world of flowing water and some of the different ways in which American writers have used rivers to understand the world through which these waters flow. Embracing a hybrid, essayistic form—part literary theory, part cultural history, and part fieldwork—The Meaning of Rivers connects the humanities to other disciplines and scholarly work to the land. Whether developing a theory of palindromes or reading works of American literature as varied as Henry David Thoreau's A Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers and James Dickey’s Deliverance, McMillin urges readers toward a transcendental retracing of their own interpretive encounters. The nature of texts and the nature of “nature” require diverse and versatile interpretation; interpretation requires not only depth and concentration but also imaginative thinking, broad-mindedness, and engaged connection-making. By taking us upstream as well as down, McMillin draws attention to the potential of rivers for improving our sense of place and time.

The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Latino Literature [3 volumes]

Author : Nicolás Kanellos
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313087008
Total Pages : 1444 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Latino Literature [3 volumes] by : Nicolás Kanellos

Download or read book The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Latino Literature [3 volumes] written by Nicolás Kanellos and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2008-08-30 with total page 1444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From East L.A. to the barrios of New York City and the Cuban neighborhoods of Miami, Latino literature, or literature written by Hispanic peoples of the United States, is the written word of North America's vibrant Latino communities. Emerging from the fusion of Spanish, North American, and African cultures, it has always been part of the American mosaic. Written for students and general readers, this encyclopedia surveys the vast landscape of Latino literature from the colonial era to the present. Aiming to be as broad and inclusive as possible, the encyclopedia covers all of native North American Latino literature as well as that created by authors originating in virtually every country of Spanish America and Spain. Included are more than 700 alphabetically arranged entries written by roughly 60 expert contributors. While most of the entries are on writers, such as Julia Alvarez, Sandra Cisneros, Lorna Dee Cervantes, Oscar Hijuelos, and Piri Thomas, others cover genres, ethnic and national literatures, movements, historical topics and events, themes, concepts, associations and organizations, and publishers and magazines. Special attention is given to the cultural, political, social, and historical contexts in which Latino literature has developed. Entries cite works for further reading, and the encyclopedia closes with a selected, general bibliography. Entries cite works for further reading, and the encyclopedia closes with a selected, general bibliography. The encyclopedia gives special attention to the social, cultural, historical, and political contexts of Latino literature, thus making it an ideal tool to help students use literature to learn about history and cultural diversity.

Chicana Sexuality and Gender

Author : Debra J. Blake
Publisher : Duke University Press
ISBN 13 : 0822381222
Total Pages : 313 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (223 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Chicana Sexuality and Gender by : Debra J. Blake

Download or read book Chicana Sexuality and Gender written by Debra J. Blake and published by Duke University Press. This book was released on 2008-10-31 with total page 313 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the 1980s Chicana writers including Gloria Anzaldúa, Cherríe Moraga, Sandra Cisneros, Ana Castillo, and Alma Luz Villanueva have reworked iconic Mexican cultural symbols such as mother earth goddesses and La Llorona (the Wailing Woman of Mexican folklore), re-imagining them as powerful female figures. After reading the works of Chicana writers who created bold, powerful, and openly sexual female characters, Debra J. Blake wondered how everyday Mexican American women would characterize their own lives in relation to the writers’ radical reconfigurations of female sexuality and gender roles. To find out, Blake gathered oral histories from working-class and semiprofessional U.S. Mexicanas. In Chicana Sexuality and Gender, she compares the self-representations of these women with fictional and artistic representations by academic-affiliated, professional intellectual Chicana writers and visual artists, including Alma M. López and Yolanda López. Blake looks at how the Chicana professional intellectuals and the U.S. Mexicana women refigure confining and demeaning constructions of female gender roles and racial, ethnic, and sexual identities. She organizes her analysis around re-imaginings of La Virgen de Guadalupe, La Llorona, indigenous Mexica goddesses, and La Malinche, the indigenous interpreter for Hernán Cortés during the Spanish conquest. In doing so, Blake reveals how the professional intellectuals and the working-class and semiprofessional women rework or invoke the female icons to confront the repression of female sexuality, limiting gender roles, inequality in male and female relationships, and violence against women. While the representational strategies of the two groups of women are significantly different and the U.S. Mexicanas would not necessarily call themselves feminists, Blake nonetheless illuminates a continuum of Chicana feminist thinking, showing how both groups of women expand lifestyle choices and promote the health and well-being of women of Mexican origin or descent.

Encyclopedia of Women's Folklore and Folklife [2 volumes]

Author : Pauline Greenhill
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 0313088136
Total Pages : 864 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (13 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Women's Folklore and Folklife [2 volumes] by : Pauline Greenhill

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Women's Folklore and Folklife [2 volumes] written by Pauline Greenhill and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2008-12-08 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the stone age to the cyber age, women and men have experienced the world differently. Out of a cosmos of goddesses and she-devils, earth mothers and madonnas, witches and queens, saints and whores, a vast body of women's folklore has come into bloom. International in scope and drawing on more than 130 expert contributors, this encyclopedia reviews the myths, traditions, and beliefs central to women's daily lives. More than 260 alphabetically arranged entries cover the lore of women across time, space, and life. Students of history, religion and spirituality, healing and traditional medicine, literature, and world cultures will value this encyclopedia as an indispensable guide to women's folklore. In addition, there are entries on women's folklore and folklife in 15 regions of the world, such as the Caribbean, Central Asia, the Middle East, and Western Europe. Entries provide cross-references and cite works for further reading, and the encyclopedia closes with a selected bibliography of print and electronic resources. Students learning about history, world cultures, religion and spirituality, healing and traditional medicine, and literature will welcome this companion to the daily life of women across time and continents.

Latino Literature

Author : Christina Soto van der Plas
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 1440875928
Total Pages : 328 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (48 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Latino Literature by : Christina Soto van der Plas

Download or read book Latino Literature written by Christina Soto van der Plas and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2023-03-31 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Offers a comprehensive overview of the most important authors, movements, genres, and historical turning points in Latino literature. More than 60 million Latinos currently live in the United States. Yet contributions from writers who trace their heritage to the Caribbean, Central and South America, and Mexico have and continue to be overlooked by critics and general audiences alike. Latino Literature: An Encyclopedia for Students gathers the best from these authors and presents them to readers in an informed and accessible way. Intended to be a useful resource for students, this volume introduces the key figures and genres central to Latino literature. Entries are written by prominent and emerging scholars and are comprehensive in their coverage of the 19th, 20th, and 21st centuries. Different critical approaches inform and interpret the myriad complexities of Latino literary production over the last several hundred years. Finally, detailed historical and cultural accounts of Latino diasporas also enrich readers' understandings of the writings that have and continue to be influenced by changes in cultural geography, providing readers with the information they need to appreciate a body of work that will continue to flourish in and alongside Latino communities.

The American Villain

Author : Richard A. Hall
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (16 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The American Villain by : Richard A. Hall

Download or read book The American Villain written by Richard A. Hall and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American Villain: Encyclopedia of Bad Guys in Comics, Film, and Television seeks to provide one go-to reference for the study of the most popular and iconic villains in American popular culture. Since the 1980s, pop culture has focused on what makes a villain a villain. The Joker, Darth Vader, and Hannibal Lecter have all been placed under the microscope to get to the origins of their villainy. Additionally, such bad guys as Angelus from Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Barnabas Collins from Dark Shadows have emphasized the desire for redemption—in even the darkest of villains. Various incarnations of Lucifer/Satan have even gone so far as to explore the very foundations of what we consider "evil." The American Villain: Encyclopedia of Bad Guys in Comics, Film, and Television seeks to collect all of those stories into one comprehensive volume. The volume opens with essays about villains in popular culture, followed by 100 A–Z entries on the most notorious bad guys in film, comics, and more. Sidebars highlight ancillary points of interest, such as authors, creators, and tropes that illuminate the motives of various villains. A glossary of key terms and a bibliography provide students with resources to continue their study of what makes the "baddest" among us so bad.

Routledge Handbook of Chicana/o Studies

Author : Francisco A. Lomelí
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 131753669X
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of Chicana/o Studies by : Francisco A. Lomelí

Download or read book Routledge Handbook of Chicana/o Studies written by Francisco A. Lomelí and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-08-06 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Chicana/o Studies is a unique interdisciplinary resource for students, libraries, and researchers interested in the largest and most rapidly growing racial-ethnic community in the United States and elsewhere which can either be identified as Chicano, Latino, Hispanic, or Mexican-American. Structured around seven comprehensive themes, the volume is for students of American studies, the Social Sciences, and the Humanities. The volume is organized around seven critical domains in Chicana/o Studies: Chicana/o History and Social Movements Borderlands, Global Migrations, Employment, and Citizenship Cultural Production in Global and Local Settings Chicana/o Identities Schooling, Language, and Literacy Violence, Resistance, and Empowerment International Perspectives The Handbook will stress the importance of the historical origins of the Chicana/o Studies field. Starting from myth of origins, Aztlán, alleged cradle of the Chicana/o people lately substantiated by the findings of archaeology and anthropology, over Spanish/Indigenous relations until the present time. Essays will explore cultural and linguistic hybridism and showcase artistic practices (visual arts, music, and dance) through popular (folklore) or high culture achievements (museums, installations) highlighting the growth of a critical perspective grounded on key theoretical formulations including borderlands theories, intersectionalities, critical race theory, and cultural analysis.

Encyclopedia of Hispanic-American Literature

Author : Luz Elena Ramirez
Publisher : Infobase Learning
ISBN 13 : 1438140606
Total Pages : 1358 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (381 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Hispanic-American Literature by : Luz Elena Ramirez

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Hispanic-American Literature written by Luz Elena Ramirez and published by Infobase Learning. This book was released on 2015-04-22 with total page 1358 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents a reference on Hispanic American literature providing profiles of Hispanic American writers and their works.

Encyclopedia of Contemporary LGBTQ Literature of the United States [2 volumes]

Author : Emmanuel S. Nelson
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing USA
ISBN 13 : 031334860X
Total Pages : 827 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (133 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Contemporary LGBTQ Literature of the United States [2 volumes] by : Emmanuel S. Nelson

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Contemporary LGBTQ Literature of the United States [2 volumes] written by Emmanuel S. Nelson and published by Bloomsbury Publishing USA. This book was released on 2009-07-14 with total page 827 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this two-volume work, hundreds of alphabetically arranged entries survey contemporary lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgendered, and queer American literature and its social contexts. Comprehensive in scope and accessible to students and general readers, Encyclopedia of Contemporary LGBTQ Literature of the United States explores contemporary American LGBTQ literature and its social, political, cultural, and historical contexts. Included are several hundred alphabetically arranged entries written by expert contributors. Students of literature and popular culture will appreciate the encyclopedia's insightful survey and discussion of LGBTQ authors and their works, while students of history and social issues will value the encyclopedia's use of literature to explore LGBTQ American society. Each entry is written by an expert contributor and lists additional sources of information. To further enhance study and understanding, the encyclopedia closes with a selected general bibliography of print and electronic resources for student research.

Guatemaltecas

Author : Susan A. Berger
Publisher : University of Texas Press
ISBN 13 : 0292783019
Total Pages : 170 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (927 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis Guatemaltecas by : Susan A. Berger

Download or read book Guatemaltecas written by Susan A. Berger and published by University of Texas Press. This book was released on 2010-01-01 with total page 170 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After thirty years of military rule and state-sponsored violence, Guatemala reinstated civilian control and began rebuilding democratic institutions in 1986. Responding to these changes, Guatemalan women began organizing to gain an active role in the national body politic and restructure traditional relations of power and gender. This pioneering study examines the formation and evolution of the Guatemalan women's movement and assesses how it has been affected by, and has in turn affected, the forces of democratization and globalization that have transformed much of the developing world. Susan Berger pursues three hypotheses in her study of the women's movement. She argues that neoliberal democratization has led to the institutionalization of the women's movement and has encouraged it to turn from protest politics to policy work and to helping the state impose its neoliberal agenda. She also asserts that, while the influences of dominant global discourses are apparent, local definitions of femininity, sexuality, and gender equity and rights have been critical to shaping the form, content, and objectives of the women's movement in Guatemala. And she identifies a counter-discourse to globalization that is slowly emerging within the movement. Berger's findings vigorously reveal the manifold complexities that have attended the development of the Guatemalan women's movement.

The Cambridge History of American Poetry

Author : Alfred Bendixen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316123308
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (161 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!

Book Synopsis The Cambridge History of American Poetry by : Alfred Bendixen

Download or read book The Cambridge History of American Poetry written by Alfred Bendixen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge History of American Poetry offers a comprehensive exploration of the development of American poetic traditions from their beginnings until the end of the twentieth century. Bringing together the insights of fifty distinguished scholars, this literary history emphasizes the complex roles that poetry has played in American cultural and intellectual life, detailing the variety of ways in which both public and private forms of poetry have met the needs of different communities at different times. The Cambridge History of American Poetry recognizes the existence of multiple traditions and a dramatically fluid canon, providing current perspectives on both major authors and a number of representative figures whose work embodies the diversity of America's democratic traditions.