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Kosovos Future Status And Us Policy
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Book Synopsis Kosovo's Future Status and U.S. Policy by :
Download or read book Kosovo's Future Status and U.S. Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report discusses the issue of Kosovo's future status; that is, whether it should become an independent country or continue to be part of Serbia, but with a large degree of autonomy. The future status of Kosovo is the most sensitive and potentially destabilizing political question in the Balkans. The United States and its main European allies are expected to recognize Kosovo's independence in early 2008, over the heated objections of Serbia and Russia. Several pieces of legislation on Kosovo's status were introduced in the first session of the 110th Congress. The second session of the 110th Congress may also consider legislation on Kosovo's status or Kosovo's post-status development. This report will be updated as events warrant. For more on the current situation in Kosovo, see CRS Report RL31053, Kosovo and U.S. Policy, by Julie Kim and Steven Woehrel.
Book Synopsis Kosovo's Future Status and U.S. Policy by : Steven Woehrel
Download or read book Kosovo's Future Status and U.S. Policy written by Steven Woehrel and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The future status of Kosovo is the most sensitive and potentially destabilizing political question in the Balkans. The Administration views getting Kosovo right as key to integrating the Balkans into Euro-Atlantic institutions. This report discusses the issue of Kosovo s future status; that is, whether it should become an independent country or continue to be part of Serbia, but with a large degree of autonomy. Talks on Kosovo s status began in February 2006 and are expected to be concluded by the end of the year. The second session of the 109th Congress may consider legislation on Kosovo s status. This report will be updated as events warrant. For more on the current situation in Kosovo, see CRS Report RL31053, Kosovo and U.S. Policy, by Steven J. Woehrel and Julie Kim.
Book Synopsis Kosovo and U.S. Policy by : Julie Kim
Download or read book Kosovo and U.S. Policy written by Julie Kim and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This report provides background information about the war in Kosovo and discusses issues regarding Kosovo's future status and U.S. policy.
Download or read book Kosovo and U.S. Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1998 and 1999, the United States and its NATO allies attempted to put an end to escalating violence between ethnic Albanian guerrillas and Yugoslav/Serb forces in Yugoslavia's Kosovo province in southern Serbia. These efforts culminated in a 78-day NATO bombing campaign (Operation Allied Force) against Serbia from March until June 1999, when then-Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic agreed to withdraw his forces from the province. Since then, Kosovo has been governed by a combination of U.N. and local Kosovar interim governing structures. Under the terms of U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244, the U.N. Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) retained ultimate political authority in the province. A NATO-led peacekeeping force, KFOR, was charged with providing a secure environment. UNSC Resolution 1244 did not settle Kosovo's disputed status, but called for status to be considered at an undetermined time after an autonomous government was in place. Almost all ethnic Albanians want independence for Kosovo; Serbs say Kosovo remains an integral part of Serbia. In mid-2005, the U.N. launched a comprehensive review of the Kosovo standards, or benchmarks of progress. On this basis, the U.N. Security Council endorsed the start of status negotiations for Kosovo in early 2006 under the lead of former Finnish President Martii Ahtisaari. In November, Ahtisaari postponed the release of a proposal for the settlement of Kosovo's status until after Serbia held key early elections on January 21, 2007. Following that vote, which produced an unsettled political outcome, Ahtisaari presented his proposal for Kosovo's status to the contact group and the parties. His draft provides a blueprint for Kosovo's independence with some limits to its sovereignty. After final consultations with the parties, the proposal is expected to come before the U.N. Security Council this spring. The United States, in concert with other members of the international contact group and the U.N. Security Council, has taken a leading role in international policy on Kosovo. The United States has committed peacekeeping troops to KFOR since 1999 and has upheld an "in together, out together" policy with respect to keeping some U.S. forces in Kosovo along with the European allies. The U.S. Administration had strongly pushed for the status question to be resolved by the end of 2006, and has emphasized the need for a swift status settlement. In Congress, U.S. involvement in the 1999 Kosovo war was controversial; after extensive debate, Congress neither explicitly approved nor blocked U.S. participation in NATO air strikes against Serbia. In the 109th Congress, some resolutions were introduced that dealt with Kosovo's future status. In the 110th Congress, a resolution on Kosovo's independence was introduced in the House in January 2007 (H.Res. 36). In February 2007, the Administration submitted FY2007 supplemental and FY2008 budget requests that include funds to support the outcome of the Kosovo status settlement. For additional information, see CRS Report RS21721, Kosovo's Future Status and U.S. Policy, and CRS Report RL32136, Future of the Balkans and U.S. Policy Concerns, both by Steven Woehrel. This report will be updated as events warrant.
Download or read book Kosovo Final Status written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Liberating Kosovo by : David L. Phillips
Download or read book Liberating Kosovo written by David L. Phillips and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2012-07-20 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A compelling account of the diplomatic and military actions that led to Kosovo's independence and their implications for future U.S. and UN interventions. Kosovo, after its incorporation into the Serbian Republic of Yugoslavia, became increasingly restive during the 1990s as Yugoslavia plunged into internal war and Kosovo's ethnic Albanian residents (Kosovars) sought autonomy. In March 1999, NATO forces began airstrikes against targets in Kosovo and Serbia in an effort to protect Kosovars against persecution. The bombing campaign ended in June 1999, and Kosovo was placed under transitional UN administration while negotiations on its status ensued. Kosovo eventually declared independence in 2008. Despite internal political tension and economic problems, the new nation has been recognized by many other countries and most of its inhabitants welcome its separation from Serbia. In Liberating Kosovo, David Phillips offers a compelling account of the negotiations and military actions that culminated in Kosovo's independence. Drawing on his own participation in the diplomatic process and interviews with leading participants, Phillips chronicles Slobodan Milosevic's rise to power, the sufferings of the Kosovars, and the events that led to the disintegration of Yugoslavia. He analyzes how NATO, the United Nations, and the United States employed diplomacy, aerial bombing, and peacekeeping forces to set in motion the process that led to independence for Kosovo. He also offers important insights into a critical issue in contemporary international politics: how and when the United States, other nations, and NGOs should act to prevent ethnic cleansing and severe human-rights abuses.
Book Synopsis Future of the Balkans and U.S. Policy Concerns by :
Download or read book Future of the Balkans and U.S. Policy Concerns written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States, its allies, and local leaders have achieved substantial successes in the Balkans since the mid-1990s. The wars in the region have ended, and all of the countries are undertaking political and economic reforms at home and orienting their foreign policies toward Euro-Atlantic institutions. However, difficult challenges remain, including resolving issues of political status, especially the status of Kosovo; breaking up the power of political-criminal groups; enforcing the rule of law; bringing war criminals to justice; and reforming the economies of the region. The current goal of the international community in the Balkans is to stabilize the region in a way that is self-sustaining and does not require direct intervention by NATO-led forces and international civilian officials. Relatedly, the United States is seeking to reduce the costs of its commitments to the region, in part due to competing U.S. and international priorities, such as the war on terrorism, and efforts to stabilize Iraq and Afghanistan, which have placed strains on U.S. resources. SFOR and KFOR, the NATO-led peacekeeping forces in Bosnia and Kosovo, have been rapidly reduced, raising the question what impact the withdrawals will have on the region's stability. In December 2004, SFOR's mission was concluded and the European Union took over peacekeeping duties in Bosnia. A few hundred U.S. troops remain in Bosnia to assist Bosnian defense reforms and fight terrorism. Largescale anti-Serb riots in Kosovo in March 2004 called into question the adequacy of KFOR and U.N. efforts to promote security and stability in Kosovo. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks on the United States, the war on terrorism has been the United States' main foreign policy priority, including in the Balkans. Before September 11, Al Qaeda supporters operated from Bosnia and Albania. However, the Administration has said that these countries and others in the region have "actively supported" the war on terrorism, shutting down terrorist front organizations and seizing their assets. Although their efforts are hampered by the weakness of local government institutions, U.S. anti-terrorism efforts in the Balkans are aided by U.S. military and intelligence assets in the region, as well as a reservoir of good will among local Muslims of all ethnic groups. Congress has played an important role in shaping U.S. Balkans policy. Some Members supported Clinton Administration efforts to intervene to stop the fighting in the region, while others were opposed. Members were leery of an open-ended commitment to the region and sought to contain these costs through adoption of benchmarks and limiting U.S. aid and troop levels to the region to about 15% of the amounts provided by all countries. The end of the wars in the Balkans and the shift in U.S. priorities in the wake of the September 11 attacks has moved the Balkans to the periphery of congressional concerns, at least when compared to the situation in the 1990s. However, in recent years, Congress has continued to have an impact on such issues as Kosovo's future status and conditioning some U.S. aid to Serbia on cooperation with the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia. The second session of the 109th Congress may consider legislation on these topics.
Download or read book Kosovo and U.S. Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1998 and 1999, the United States and its NATO allies attempted to put an end to escalating violence between ethnic Albanian guerrillas and Yugoslav/Serb forces in Yugoslavia's Kosovo province. These efforts culminated in a 78-day NATO bombing campaign (Operation Allied Force) against Serbia from March until June 1999, when then-Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic agreed to withdraw his forces from the province. Since then, Kosovo has been governed by a combination of U.N. and local Kosovar governing structures. The U.N. Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK), under the terms of U.N. Security Council Resolution 1244, retains ultimate political authority in the province. A NATO-led peacekeeping force, KFOR, is charged with providing a secure environment. In May 2001, UNMIK issued a Constitutional Framework for Kosovo that provided for an elected provisional legislature and government with limited powers but did not address Kosovo s final status. Elections for the first Kosovo assembly were held on November 17, 2001, and a Kosovo government was formed in March 2002. New elections held on October 23, 2004, were mostly boycotted by Kosovo s minority Serb population. UNSC Resolution 1244 calls for Kosovo s final status to be considered at an undetermined time after an autonomous government is in place. Almost all ethnic Albanians want independence for Kosovo; Serbs say it should remain within Serbia. In late 2003, the international community agreed to review Kosovo s progress in meeting international standards and consider next steps in determining Kosovo s future status by mid-2005. The sudden outbreak of widespread anti-Serbian riots in March 2004, the worst inter-ethnic violence experienced in Kosovo since 1999, set back progress in many areas and called into question the effectiveness of international policy on Kosovo. In June 2005, U.N. Secretary-General Kofi Annan appointed Norwegian diplomat Kai Eide to launch a comprehensive review of the Kosovo standards.
Book Synopsis Future of the Balkans and U.S. Policy Concerns by : Steven Woehrel
Download or read book Future of the Balkans and U.S. Policy Concerns written by Steven Woehrel and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The United States, its allies, and local leaders have achieved substantial successes in the Balkans since the mid-1990s. The wars in the region have ended, and all of the countries are undertaking political and economic reforms at home and orienting their foreign policies toward Euro-Atlantic institutions. However, difficult challenges remain, including resolving issues of political status, especially the status of Kosovo; breaking up the power of political-criminal groups; enforcing the rule of law; bringing war criminals to justice; and reforming the economies of the region. The current goal of the international community in the Balkans is to stabilize the region in a way that is self-sustaining and does not require direct intervention by NATO-led forces and international civilian officials. Relatedly, the United States is seeking to reduce the costs of its commitments to the region, in part due to competing U.S. and international priorities, such as the war on terrorism, and efforts to stabilize Iraq and Afghanistan, which have placed strains on U.S. resources. SFOR and KFOR, the NATO-led peacekeeping force in Bosnia and Kosovo, have been rapidly reduced, raising the question what impact the withdrawals will have on the region's stability. In December 2004, SFOR's mission was concluded and the European Union took over peacekeeping duties in Bosnia. A few hundred U.S. troops remain in Bosnia to assist Bosnian defense reforms and fight terrorism. Large scale anti-Serb riots in Kosovo in March 2004 called into question the adequacy of KFOR and U.N. efforts to promote security and stability in Kosovo.
Author :Independent International Commission on Kosovo Publisher :Oxford University Press ISBN 13 :0199243093 Total Pages :380 pages Book Rating :4.1/5 (992 download)
Book Synopsis The Kosovo Report by : Independent International Commission on Kosovo
Download or read book The Kosovo Report written by Independent International Commission on Kosovo and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-10-19 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The war in Kosovo was a turning point: NATO deployed its armed forces in war for the first time, and placed the controversial doctrine of 'humanitarian intervention' squarely in the world's eye. It was an armed intervention for the purpose of implementing Security Council resolutions-but without Security Council authorization.This report tries to answer a number of burning questions, such as why the international community was unable to act earlier and prevent the escalation of the conflict, as well as focusing on the capacity of the United Nations to act as global peacekeeper.The Commission recommends a new status for Kosovo, 'conditional independence', with the goal of lasting peace and security for Kosovo-and for the Balkan region in general. But many of the conslusions may be beneficially applied to conflicts the world-over.
Book Synopsis Kosovo: Current Issues and U.S. Policy by :
Download or read book Kosovo: Current Issues and U.S. Policy written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: On February 17, 2008, Kosovo declared its independence from Serbia. On February 18, the United States recognized Kosovo as an independent state. Of the 27 EU countries, 22 have recognized Kosovo, including key countries such as France, Germany, Britain, and Italy. Serbia and Russia have heatedly objected to the recognition of Kosovo's independence. Independent Kosovo faces many challenges, including its relations with Serbia and Serbs in Kosovo, as well as weak institutions, an underdeveloped economy, and the impact of the global financial crisis. Vice President Joseph Biden visited Kosovo on May 21, 2009, after stops in Bosnia and Serbia the previous two days. He received a hero's welcome in Kosovo, where he declared that the "success of an independent Kosovo" is a U.S. "priority."
Book Synopsis Kosovo's Future Status by : Francis T Miko
Download or read book Kosovo's Future Status written by Francis T Miko and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Operation Joint Guardian by : R. Cody Phillips
Download or read book Operation Joint Guardian written by R. Cody Phillips and published by Government Printing Office. This book was released on 2007 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: NOTE: NO FURTHER DISCOUNT FOR THIS PRINT PRODUCT--OVERSTOCK SALE -- Significantly reduced list price while supplies last The sudden disintegration of Yugoslavia from 1992 to 1995 led to a series of violent armed ethnic conflicts that resulted in the deaths of more than a quarter-million civilians and almost 1.5 million refugees. Although NATO forces were able to end these conflicts and bring stability to most of the region, a brief flare-up occurred in 1998-99 in the autonomous province of Kosovo, which was part of Serbia. After a sustained bombing campaign against the Serbian aggressors, the United States Army entered the troubled province and eventually enforced a tenuous peace between the Kosovars and Serbs. This brief study chronicles the origins of U.S. involvement and the peace enforcement operation that followed through 2005. Military leaders, peace negotiators, military science, AP high school global studies students, and international relations students may find this resource helpful for research papers. Historians, especially military historians and political scientists may also be interested in this work. Related products: Yugoslavia From "National Communism" to National Collapse: US Intelligence Community Estimative Products on Yugoslavia, 1948-1990 (Book and CD-ROM) is available here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/products/sku/041-015-00252-0 Other products produced by the U.S. Army, Center of Military History can be found here: https: //bookstore.gpo.gov/agency/1061 "
Book Synopsis U.S. Policy Toward Southeast Europe by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations
Download or read book U.S. Policy Toward Southeast Europe written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Foreign Relations and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Kosovo and the Challenge of Humanitarian Intervention by : Albrecht Schnabel
Download or read book Kosovo and the Challenge of Humanitarian Intervention written by Albrecht Schnabel and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Kosovo conflict has the potential to redraw the landscape of international politics, with significant ramifications for the UN, major powers, regional organizations, and the way in which we understand and interpret world politics. Can the veto now effectively be circumvented to launch selective enforcement operations? Can the humanitarian imperative be reconciled with the principle of state sovereignty? This book offers interpretations of the Kosovo crisis from numerous perspectives: the conflict-parties, NATO allies, the immediate region surrounding the conflict, and further afield. Country perspectives are followed by scholarly analyses of the longer-term normative, operational, and structural consequences of the Kosovo crisis for world politics.
Download or read book Winning Ugly written by Ivo H. Daalder and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2004-05-13 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After eleven weeks of bombing in the spring of 1999, the United States and NATO ultimately won the war in Kosovo. Serbian troops were forced to withdraw, enabling an international military and political presence to take charge in the region. But was this war inevitable or was it the product of failed western diplomacy prior to the conflict? And once it became necessary to use force, did NATO adopt a sound strategy to achieve its aims of stabilizing Kosovo? In this first in-depth study of the Kosovo crisis, Ivo Daalder and Michael O'Hanlon answer these and other questions about the causes, conduct, and consequences of the war. Based on interviews with many of the key participants, they conclude that notwithstanding important diplomatic mistakes before the conflict, it would have been difficult to avoid the Kosovo war. That being the case, U.S. and NATO conduct of the war left much to be desired. For more than four weeks, the Serbs succeeded where NATO failed, forcefully changing Kosovo's ethnic balance by forcing 1.5 million Albanians from their home and more than 800,000 from the country. Had they chosen to massacre more of their victims, NATO would have been powerless to stop them. In the end, NATO won the war by increasing the scope and intensity of bombing, making serious plans for a ground invasion, and moving diplomacy into full gear in order to convince Belgrade that this was a war Serbia would never win. The Kosovo crisis is a cautionary tale for those who believe force can be used easily and in limited increments to stop genocide, mass killing, and the forceful expulsion of entire populations. Daalder and O'Hanlon conclude that the crisis holds important diplomatic and military lessons that must be learned so that others in the future might avoid the mistakes that were made in this case.
Download or read book Kosovo Crossing written by David Fromkin and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2002 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An engrossing, clear-eyed look at the conflict in Kosovo and what it reveals about the limits of America's power to shape the world and impose democratic and humane values in countries under the control of ruthless dictators. 4 maps.
