King And People In Provincial Massachusetts

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King and People in Provincial Massachusetts

Author : Richard L. Bushman
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469600102
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis King and People in Provincial Massachusetts by : Richard L. Bushman

Download or read book King and People in Provincial Massachusetts written by Richard L. Bushman and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2013-06-01 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The American revolutionaries themselves believed the change from monarchy to republic was the essence of the Revolution. King and People in Provincial Massachusetts explores what monarchy meant to Massachusetts under its second charter and why the momentous change to republican government came about. Richard L. Bushman argues that monarchy entailed more than having a king as head of state: it was an elaborate political culture with implications for social organization as well. Massachusetts, moreover, was entirely loyal to the king and thoroughly imbued with that culture. Why then did the colonies become republican in 1776? The change cannot be attributed to a single thinker such as John Locke or to a strain of political thought such as English country party rhetoric. Instead, it was the result of tensions ingrained in the colonial political system that surfaced with the invasion of parliamentary power into colonial affairs after 1763. The underlying weakness of monarchical government in Massachusetts was the absence of monarchical society -- the intricate web of patronage and dependence that existed in England. But the conflict came from the colonists' conception of rulers as an alien class of exploiters whose interest was the plundering of the colonies. In large part, colonial politics was the effort to restrain official avarice. The author explicates the meaning of "interest" in political discourse to show how that conception was central in the thinking of both the popular party and the British ministry. Management of the interest of royal officials was a problem that continually bedeviled both the colonists and the crown. Conflict was perennial because the colonists and the ministry pursued diverging objectives in regulating colonial officialdom. Ultimately the colonists came to see that safety against exploitation by self-interested rulers would be assured only by republican government.

The History of the Colony and Province of Massachusetts-bay

Author : Thomas Hutchinson
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 650 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The History of the Colony and Province of Massachusetts-bay by : Thomas Hutchinson

Download or read book The History of the Colony and Province of Massachusetts-bay written by Thomas Hutchinson and published by . This book was released on 1936 with total page 650 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Law and People in Colonial America

Author : Peter Charles Hoffer
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801858161
Total Pages : 228 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (581 download)

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Book Synopsis Law and People in Colonial America by : Peter Charles Hoffer

Download or read book Law and People in Colonial America written by Peter Charles Hoffer and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 1998-02-27 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the men and women of colonial America, Peter Hoffer explains, law was a pervasive influence in everyday life. Because it was their law, the colonists continually adapted it to fit changing circumstances. They also developed a sense of legalism that influenced virtually all social, economic, and political relationships. This sense of intimacy with the law, Hoffer argues, assumed a transforming power in times of crisis. In the midst of a war of independence, American revolutionaries labored to explain how their rebellion could be lawful, while legislators wrote republican constitutions that would endure for centuries. Fully updated to take account of recent scholarship, this revised edition also offers a fresh look at the legal experiences of American Indians, Spaniard, and the French as people on the edges of English settlement. How did English law deal with neighboring societies? How does this posture help up to understand English law and the changes the New World forced upon it? How did non-English-speaking people view English law? Law and People in Colonial America provides a rigorous and lively introduction to early American law. It makes for essential reading.

Historical Dictionary of Colonial America

Author : William Pencak
Publisher : Scarecrow Press
ISBN 13 : 0810855879
Total Pages : 493 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (18 download)

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Book Synopsis Historical Dictionary of Colonial America by : William Pencak

Download or read book Historical Dictionary of Colonial America written by William Pencak and published by Scarecrow Press. This book was released on 2011-07-15 with total page 493 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The years between 1450 and 1550 marked the end of one era in world history and the beginning of another. Most importantly, the focus of global commerce and power shifted from the Mediterranean Sea to the Atlantic Ocean, largely because of the discovery ofthe New World. The New World was more than a geographic novelty. It opened the way for new human possibilities, possibilities that were first fulfilled by the British colonies of North America, nearly 100 years after Columbus landed in the Bahamas. TheHistorical Dictionary of Colonial America covers America's history from the first settlements to the end and immediate aftermath of the French and Indian War. This is done through a chronology, an introductory essay, appendixes, an extensive bibliography, and over 400 cross-referenced dictionary entries on the various colonies, which were founded and how they became those which declared independence. Religious, political, economic, and family life; important people; warfare; and relations between British, French, Spanish, and Dutch colonies are also among the topics covered. This book is an excellent access point for students, researchers, and anyone wanting to know more about Colonial America.

British North America in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries

Author : Stephen Foster
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0192513583
Total Pages : 384 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (925 download)

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Book Synopsis British North America in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries by : Stephen Foster

Download or read book British North America in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries written by Stephen Foster and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2016-11-10 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Until relatively recently, the connection between British imperial history and the history of early America was taken for granted. In recent times, however, early American historiography has begun to suffer from a loss of coherent definition as competing manifestos demand various reorderings of the subject in order to combine time periods and geographical areas in ways that would have previously seemed anomalous. It has also become common place to announce that the history of America is best accounted for in America itself in a three-way melee between "settlers", the indigenous populations, and the forcibly transported African slaves and their creole descendants. The contributions to British North America in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries acknowledge the value of the historiographic work done under this new dispensation in the last two decades and incorporate its insights. However, the volume advocates a pluralistic approach to the subject generally, and attempts to demonstrate that the metropolitan power was of more than secondary importance to America in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The central theme of this volume is the question "to what extent did it make a difference to those living in the colonies that made up British North America in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries that they were part of an empire and that the empire in question was British?" The contributors, some of the leading scholars in their respective fields, strive to answer this question in various social, political, religious, and historical contexts.

The Making and Unmaking of Empires

Author : P. J. Marshall
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0191551570
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (915 download)

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Book Synopsis The Making and Unmaking of Empires by : P. J. Marshall

Download or read book The Making and Unmaking of Empires written by P. J. Marshall and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-09-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In The Making and Unmaking of Empires P. J. Marshall, distinguished author of numerous books on the British Empire and former Rhodes Professor of Imperial History, provides a unified interpretation of British imperial history in the later eighteenth century. He brings together into a common focus Britain's loss of empire in North America and the winning of territorial dominion in parts of India and argues that these developments were part of a single phase of Britain's imperial history, rather than marking the closing of a 'first' Atlantic empire and the rise of a 'second' eastern one. In both India and North America Britain pursued similar objectives in this period. Fearful of the apparent enmity of France, Britain sought to secure the interests overseas which were thought to contribute so much to her wealth and power. This involved imposing a greater degree of control over colonies in America and over the East India Company and its new possessions in India. Aspirations to greater control also reflected an increasing confidence in Britain's capacity to regulate the affairs of subject peoples, especially through parliament. If British objectives throughout the world were generally similar, whether they could be achieved depended on the support or at least acquiescence of those they tried to rule. Much of this book is concerned with bringing together the findings of the rich historical writing on both post-Mughal India and late colonial America to assess the strengths and weaknesses of empire in different parts of the world. In North America potential allies who were closely linked to Britain in beliefs, culture and economic interest were ultimately alienated by Britain's political pretensions. Empire was extremely fragile in two out of the three main Indian settlements. In Bengal, however, the British achieved a modus vivendi with important groups which enabled them to build a secure base for the future subjugation of the subcontinent. With the authority of one who has made the study of empire his life's work, Marshall provides a valuable resource for scholar and student alike.

Power in Modernity

Author : Isaac Ariail Reed
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 022668945X
Total Pages : 283 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (266 download)

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Book Synopsis Power in Modernity by : Isaac Ariail Reed

Download or read book Power in Modernity written by Isaac Ariail Reed and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 283 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Isaac Reed's Power in Modernity aims to be a major contribution to social theory. It is a bold and innovative theoretical reimagining of power. Drawing on an eclectic range of ideas from across the humanities and social sciences, Reed rethinks the fundamentals of sociological theorizing of power-upsetting canonical traditions and remaking them with insights from poststructuralism, postcolonial theory, and critical race studies. First, Reed conceptualizes power as having three aspects: relational, discursive, and performative. He explores these aspects in relation to three different kinds of social actors-rector, agent, and other-and their connections. In essence, Reed brings power in the actions of individuals into relation with a wide range of institutional circumstances of power while neatly finessing the outmoded agency/structure binary. The result is a framework for the analysis of power that allows us to see both its sometimes fragile and precarious character, as well as its more typical stability and durability. We also get a window onto the episodic performances of power and how they institutionalize or unravel social orders. Power in Modernity is sure to be of interest to political sociologists and social theorists especially, and it will serve sociologists and other social scientists well who are interested in how power operates across many different social situations"--

Marlborough's America

Author : Stephen Saunders Webb
Publisher : Yale University Press
ISBN 13 : 030017859X
Total Pages : 648 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Marlborough's America by : Stephen Saunders Webb

Download or read book Marlborough's America written by Stephen Saunders Webb and published by Yale University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-01 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Scholars of British America generally conclude that the early eighteenth-century Anglo-American empire was commercial in economics, liberal in politics, and parochial in policy, somnambulant in an era of “salutary neglect,” but Stephen Saunders Webb here demonstrates that the American provinces, under the spur of war, became capitalist, coercive, and aggressive, owing to the vigorous leadership of career army officers, trained and nominated to American government by the captain general of the allied armies, the first duke of Marlborough, and that his influence, and that of his legates, prevailed through the entire century in America. Webb’s work follows the duke, whom an eloquent enemy described as “the greatest statesman and the greatest general that this country or any other country has produced,” his staff and soldiers, through the ten campaigns, which, by defanging France, made the union with Scotland possible and made “Great Britain” preeminent in the Atlantic world. Then Webb demonstrates that the duke’s legates transformed American colonies into provinces of empire. Marlborough’s America, fifty years in the making, is the fourth volume of The Governors-General.

The Great Awakening

Author : Richard L. Bushman
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469600110
Total Pages : 191 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis The Great Awakening by : Richard L. Bushman

Download or read book The Great Awakening written by Richard L. Bushman and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2013-04-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most twentieth-century Americans fail to appreciate the power of Christian conversion that characterized the eighteenth-century revivals, especially the Great Awakening of the 1740s. The common disdain in this secular age for impassioned religious emotion and language is merely symptomatic of the shift in values that has shunted revivals to the sidelines. The very magnitude of the previous revivals is one indication of their importance. Between 1740 and 1745 literally thousands were converted. From New England to the southern colonies, people of all ages and all ranks of society underwent the New Birth. Virtually every New England congregation was touched. It is safe to say that most of the colonists in the 1740s, if not converted themselves, knew someone who was, or at least heard revival preaching. The Awakening was a critical event in the intellectual and ecclesiastical life of the colonies. The colonists' view of the world placed much importance on conversion. Particularly, Calvinist theology viewed the bestowal of divine grace as the most crucial occurrence in human life. Besides assuring admission to God's presence in the hereafter, divine grace prepared a person for a fullness of life on earth. In the 1740s the colonists, in overwhelming numbers, laid claim to the divine power which their theology offered them. Many experienced the moral transformatoin as promised. In the Awakening the clergy's pleas of half a century came to dramatic fulfillment. Not everyone agreed that God was working in the Awakening. Many believed preachers to be demagogues, stirring up animal spirits. The revival was looked on as an emotional orgy that needlessly disturbed the churches and frustrated the true work of God. But from 1740 to 1745 no other subject received more attention in books and pamphlets. Through the stirring rhetoric of the sermons, theological treatises, and correspondence presented in this collection, readers can vicariously participate in the ecstasy as well as in the rage generated by America's first national revival.

Sweet Freedom's Song

Author : the late Robert James Branham
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0195350294
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Sweet Freedom's Song by : the late Robert James Branham

Download or read book Sweet Freedom's Song written by the late Robert James Branham and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2002-03-28 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although it isn't the official national anthem, America may be the most important and interesting patriotic song in our national repertoire. Sweet Freedom's Song: "My Country 'Tis of Thee" and Democracy in America is a celebration and critical exploration of the complicated musical, cultural and political roles played by the song America over the past 250 years. Popularly known as My Country 'Tis of Thee and as God Save the King/Queen before that this tune has a history as rich as the country it extols. In Sweet Freedom's Song, Robert Branham and Stephen Hartnett chronicle this song's many incarnations over the centuries. Colonial Americans, Southern slaveowners, abolitionists, temperance campaigners and labor leaders, among others, appropriated and adapted the tune to create anthems for their own struggles. Because the song has been invoked by nearly every grassroots movement in American history, the story of America offers important insights on the story of democracy in the United States. An examination of America as a historical artifact and cultural text, Sweet Freedoms Song is a reflection of the rebellious spirit of Americans throughout our nations history. The late Robert James Branham and his collaborator, Stephen Hartnett, have produced a thoroughly-researched, delightfully written book that will appeal to scholars and patriots of all stripes.

Jonathan Belcher

Author : Michael C. Batinski
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813162025
Total Pages : 230 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Jonathan Belcher by : Michael C. Batinski

Download or read book Jonathan Belcher written by Michael C. Batinski and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2014-07-15 with total page 230 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As early as the eighteenth century, New England's ministers were decrying public morality. Evangelical leaders such as Jonathan Edwards called for rulers to become spiritual as well as political leaders who would renew the people's covenant with God. The prosperous merchant Jonathan Belcher (1682-1757) self-consciously strove to become such a leader, an American Nehemiah. As governor of three royal colonies and early patron of the College of New Jersey (later Princeton University), Belcher became an important but controversial figure in colonial America. In this first biography of the colonial governor, Michael C. Batinski depicts a man unusually riddled with contradictions. While governor of Massachusetts, Belcher deftly maneuvered longstanding rivals toward a political settlement; yet as chief executive of New Hampshire, he plunged into bitter factional disputes that destroyed his administration. The quintessential Puritan, Belcher learned to thrive in London's cosmopolitan world and in the whiggish realm of the marketplace. He was at once the courtier and the country patriot. An insightful blend of social and political history, this biography demands that Belcher be recognized as the embodiment of the Nehemiah, perhaps as important in his own realm as Cotton Mather was in religious circles. Grappling with the contradictions of Belcher's actions, the author explains much about the complexities of the world in which Belcher lived and wielded influence.

Liberty Men and Great Proprietors

Author : Alan Taylor
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 0807839973
Total Pages : 398 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (78 download)

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Book Synopsis Liberty Men and Great Proprietors by : Alan Taylor

Download or read book Liberty Men and Great Proprietors written by Alan Taylor and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2014-01-01 with total page 398 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This detailed exploration of the settlement of Maine beginning in the late eighteenth century illuminates the violent, widespread contests along the American frontier that served to define and complete the American Revolution. Taylor shows how Maine's militant settlers organized secret companies to defend their populist understanding of the Revolution.

The Glorious Cause

Author : Robert Middlekauff
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780199740925
Total Pages : 752 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (49 download)

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Book Synopsis The Glorious Cause by : Robert Middlekauff

Download or read book The Glorious Cause written by Robert Middlekauff and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2007-03-09 with total page 752 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book to appear in the illustrious Oxford History of the United States, this critically acclaimed volume--a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize--offers an unsurpassed history of the Revolutionary War and the birth of the American republic. Beginning with the French and Indian War and continuing to the election of George Washington as first president, Robert Middlekauff offers a panoramic history of the conflict between England and America, highlighting the drama and anguish of the colonial struggle for independence. Combining the political and the personal, he provides a compelling account of the key events that precipitated the war, from the Stamp Act to the Tea Act, tracing the gradual gathering of American resistance that culminated in the Boston Tea Party and "the shot heard 'round the world." The heart of the book features a vivid description of the eight-year-long war, with gripping accounts of battles and campaigns, ranging from Bunker Hill and Washington's crossing of the Delaware to the brilliant victory at Hannah's Cowpens and the final triumph at Yorktown, paying particular attention to what made men fight in these bloody encounters. The book concludes with an insightful look at the making of the Constitution in the Philadelphia Convention of 1787 and the struggle over ratification. Through it all, Middlekauff gives the reader a vivid sense of how the colonists saw these events and the importance they gave to them. Common soldiers and great generals, Sons of Liberty and African slaves, town committee-men and representatives in congress--all receive their due. And there are particularly insightful portraits of such figures as Sam and John Adams, James Otis, Thomas Jefferson, George Washington, and many others. This new edition has been revised and expanded, with fresh coverage of topics such as mob reactions to British measures before the War, military medicine, women's role in the Revolution, American Indians, the different kinds of war fought by the Americans and the British, and the ratification of the Constitution. The book also has a new epilogue and an updated bibliography. The cause for which the colonists fought, liberty and independence, was glorious indeed. Here is an equally glorious narrative of an event that changed the world, capturing the profound and passionate struggle to found a free nation. The Oxford History of the United States The Oxford History of the United States is the most respected multi-volume history of our nation. The series includes three Pulitzer Prize winners, a New York Times bestseller, and winners of the Bancroft and Parkman Prizes. The Atlantic Monthly has praised it as "the most distinguished series in American historical scholarship," a series that "synthesizes a generation's worth of historical inquiry and knowledge into one literally state-of-the-art book." Conceived under the general editorship of C. Vann Woodward and Richard Hofstadter, and now under the editorship of David M. Kennedy, this renowned series blends social, political, economic, cultural, diplomatic, and military history into coherent and vividly written narrative.

Godly Republicanism

Author : Michael P. Winship
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674065050
Total Pages : 350 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis Godly Republicanism by : Michael P. Winship

Download or read book Godly Republicanism written by Michael P. Winship and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-16 with total page 350 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Puritans did not find a life free from tyranny in the new world—they created it there. Massachusetts emerged a republic as they hammered out a vision of popular participation and limited government in church and state, spurred by Plymouth pilgrims. Godly Republicanism underscores how pathbreaking yet rooted in puritanism’s history the project was.

A Mighty Empire

Author : Marc Egnal
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 1501723863
Total Pages : 412 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (17 download)

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Book Synopsis A Mighty Empire by : Marc Egnal

Download or read book A Mighty Empire written by Marc Egnal and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2018-10-18 with total page 412 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First published in 1988, Marc Egnal's now classic revisionist history of the origins of the American Revolution, focuses on five colonies—Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and South Carolina—from 1700 to the post-Revolutionary era. Egnal asserts that throughout colonial America the struggle against Great Britain was led by an upper-class faction motivated by a vision of the rapid development of the New World. In each colony the membership of this group, which Egnal calls the expansionist faction, was shaped by self-interest, religious convictions, and national origins. According to Egnal, these individuals had long shown a commitment to American growth and had fervently supported the colonial wars against France, Spain, and Native Americans. While advancing this interpretation, Egnal explores several salient aspects of colonial society. He scrutinizes the partisan battles within the provinces and argues that they were in fact clashes between the expansionists and a second long-lived faction that he calls the "nonexpansionists." Through close analysis he shows how economic crisis—the depression of the 1760s—influenced the colonists' behavior. And although he focuses on the initiative and leadership of the elite, Egnal also investigates the part played by the common people in the rebellion. A Mighty Empire contains insightful sketches of Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, and other revolutionary leaders and makes clear the human dimensions of the clash with Great Britain. The final chapter provides a new context for understanding the writing of the Constitution and considers the links between the Revolution and modern America. An appendix lists members of the colonial factions and identifies their patterns of political commitment. Now back in print with a new preface, A Mighty Empire is a valuable addition to the debate over the role of ideas and interests in shaping the Revolution. For the 2010 edition, Egnal reviews how interpretations of the American Revolution have developed since the publication of his landmark volume. In his new preface he considers and critiques explanations for the Revolution founded on ideology, the role of non-elite Americans, and British politics. Egnal also looks to a trend in the writing of the history of the Revolution that considers its effects more than its causes and thereby grapple with the conflicts ingredient in the nascent American empire. With great lucidity, he shows where the writing of history has gone since the appearance of A Mighty Empire and makes a case for its continuing relevance.

The Oxford Handbook of the Ancien Régime

Author : William Doyle
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199291209
Total Pages : 598 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (992 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of the Ancien Régime by : William Doyle

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Ancien Régime written by William Doyle and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 598 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An exploration of current scholarly thinking about the wide and surprisingly complex range of historical problems associated with the study of Ancien Régime Europe

Taxation in Colonial America

Author : Alvin Rabushka
Publisher : Princeton University Press
ISBN 13 : 0691168237
Total Pages : 968 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (911 download)

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Book Synopsis Taxation in Colonial America by : Alvin Rabushka

Download or read book Taxation in Colonial America written by Alvin Rabushka and published by Princeton University Press. This book was released on 2015-07-28 with total page 968 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taxation in Colonial America examines life in the thirteen original American colonies through the revealing lens of the taxes levied on and by the colonists. Spanning the turbulent years from the founding of the Jamestown settlement to the outbreak of the American Revolution, Alvin Rabushka provides the definitive history of taxation in the colonial era, and sets it against the backdrop of enormous economic, political, and social upheaval in the colonies and Europe. Rabushka shows how the colonists strove to minimize, avoid, and evade British and local taxation, and how they used tax incentives to foster settlement. He describes the systems of public finance they created to reduce taxation, and reveals how they gained control over taxes through elected representatives in colonial legislatures. Rabushka takes a comprehensive look at the external taxes imposed on the colonists by Britain, the Netherlands, and Sweden, as well as internal direct taxes like poll and income taxes. He examines indirect taxes like duties and tonnage fees, as well as county and town taxes, church and education taxes, bounties, and other charges. He links the types and amounts of taxes with the means of payment--be it gold coins, agricultural commodities, wampum, or furs--and he compares tax systems and burdens among the colonies and with Britain. This book brings the colonial period to life in all its rich complexity, and shows how colonial attitudes toward taxation offer a unique window into the causes of the revolution.