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Kinetic Model Development For The Combustion Of Particulate Matter From Conventional And Soy Methyl Ester Diesel Fuels
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Book Synopsis Kinetic Model Development for the Combustion of Particulate Matter from Conventional and Soy Methyl Ester Diesel Fuels by : Andrea Strzelec
Download or read book Kinetic Model Development for the Combustion of Particulate Matter from Conventional and Soy Methyl Ester Diesel Fuels written by Andrea Strzelec and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Kinetic Model Development for the Combustion of Particulate Matter from Conventional and Soy Methyl Ester Diesel Fuels by :
Download or read book Kinetic Model Development for the Combustion of Particulate Matter from Conventional and Soy Methyl Ester Diesel Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Automotive Emissions Regulations and Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems by : John Kasab
Download or read book Automotive Emissions Regulations and Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems written by John Kasab and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2020-08-31 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this book is to present a fundamental development of the science and engineering underlying the design of exhaust aftertreatment systems for automotive internal combustion engines. No pre-requisite knowledge of the field is required: our objective is to acquaint the reader, whom we expect to be new to the field of emissions control, with the underlying principles, control methods, common problems, and fuel effects on catalytic exhaust aftertreatment devices. We do this in hope that they can better understand the previous and current generations of emissions control, and improve upon them. This book is designed for the engineer, researcher, designer, student, or any combination of those, who is concerned with the control of automotive exhaust emissions. It includes discussion of theory and fundamentals applicable to hardware development.
Book Synopsis Automotive Emissions Regulations and Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems by : John Kasab
Download or read book Automotive Emissions Regulations and Exhaust Aftertreatment Systems written by John Kasab and published by SAE International. This book was released on 2020-08-31 with total page 464 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this book is to present a fundamental development of the science and engineering underlying the design of exhaust aftertreatment systems for automotive internal combustion engines. No pre-requisite knowledge of the field is required: our objective is to acquaint the reader, whom we expect to be new to the field of emissions control, with the underlying principles, control methods, common problems, and fuel effects on catalytic exhaust aftertreatment devices. We do this in hope that they can better understand the previous and current generations of emissions control, and improve upon them. This book is designed for the engineer, researcher, designer, student, or any combination of those, who is concerned with the control of automotive exhaust emissions. It includes discussion of theory and fundamentals applicable to hardware development.
Book Synopsis Detailed Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Diesel Combustion with Oxygenated Fuels by :
Download or read book Detailed Chemical Kinetic Modeling of Diesel Combustion with Oxygenated Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Emission standards for diesel engines in vehicles have been steadily reduced in recent years, and a great deal of research and development effort has been focused on reducing particulate and nitrogen oxide emissions. One promising approach to reducing emissions involves the addition of oxygen to the fuel, generally by adding an oxygenated compound to the normal diesel fuel. Miyamoto et al. [1] showed experimentally that particulate levels can be significantly reduced by adding oxygenated species to the fuel. They found the Bosch smoke number (a measure of the particulate or soot levels in diesel exhaust) falls from about 55% for conventional diesel fuel to less than 1% when the oxygen content of the fuel is above about 25% by mass, as shown in Figure 1. It has been well established that addition of oxygenates to automotive fuel, including both diesel fuel as well as gasoline, reduces NOx and CO emissions by reducing flame temperatures. This is the basis for addition of oxygenates to produce reformulated gasoline in selected portions of the country. Of course, this is also accompanied by a slight reduction in fuel economy. A new overall picture of diesel combustion has been developed by Dec [2], in which laser diagnostic studies identified stages in diesel combustion that had not previously been recognized. These stages are summarized in Figure 2. The evolution of the diesel spray is shown, starting as a liquid jet that vaporizes and entrains hot air from the combustion chamber. This relatively steady process continues as long as fuel is being injected. In particular, Dec showed that the fuel spray vaporizes and mixes with air and products of earlier combustion to provide a region in which a gas phase, premixed fuel-rich ignition and burn occurs. The products of this ignition are then observed experimentally to lead rapidly to formation of soot particles, which subsequently are consumed in a diffusion flame. Recently, Flynn et al. [3] used a chemical kinetic and mixing model to study the premixed, rich ignition process. Using n-heptane as a representative diesel fuel, they showed that addition of an oxygenated additive, methanol, to the fuel reduced the concentrations of a number of hydrocarbon species in the products of the rich ignition. Specifically, methanol addition reduced the total concentrations of acetylene, ethylene and 1,3-butadiene, as well as propargyl and vinyl radicals, in the ignition products. These are the same species shown in a number of studies [4-6] to be responsible for formation of aromatic and polycyclic aromatic species in flames, species which lead eventually to production of soot. Flynn et al. did not, however, examine the kinetic processes responsible for the computed reduction in production of soot precursor species. At least two hypotheses have been advanced to explain the role that oxygenated species play in diesel ignition and the reduction in the concentrations of these species. The first is that the additive, methanol in the case of Flynn et al., does not contain any C-C bonds and cannot then produce significant levels of the species such as acetylene, ethylene or the unsaturated radicals which are known to lead to aromatic species. The second hypothesis is that the product distribution changes very naturally as oxygen is added and the overall equivalence ratio is reduced. In the present study, we repeat the ignition calculations of Flynn et al. and include a number of other oxygenated species to determine which of these theories is more applicable to this model.
Book Synopsis Development of a Kinetic/phenomenological CO Emission Model for Conventional and LTC Diesel Combustion by : Nilesh L. Bagal
Download or read book Development of a Kinetic/phenomenological CO Emission Model for Conventional and LTC Diesel Combustion written by Nilesh L. Bagal and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 218 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Modelling Diesel Combustion by : P. A. Lakshminarayanan
Download or read book Modelling Diesel Combustion written by P. A. Lakshminarayanan and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-21 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book comprehensively discusses diesel combustion phenomena like ignition delay, fuel-air mixing, rate of heat release, and emissions of smoke, particulate and nitric oxide. It enables quantitative evaluation of these important phenomena and parameters. Most importantly, it attempts to model them with constants that are independent of engine types and hence they could be applied by the engineers and researchers for a general engine. This book emphasizes the importance of the spray at the wall in precisely describing the heat release and emissions for most of the engines on and off-road. It gives models for heat release and emissions. Every model is thoroughly validated by detailed experiments using a broad range of engines. The book describes an elegant quasi-one-dimensional model for heat release in diesel engines with single as well as multiple injections. The book describes how the two aspects, namely, fuel injection rate and the diameter of the combustion bowl in the piston, have enabled meeting advanced emission, noise, and performance standards. The book also discusses the topics of computational fluid dynamics encompassing RANS and LES models of turbulence. Given the contents, this book will be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in the area of vehicle engineering and engine technology. This book will also be a good professional book for practising engineers in the field of combustion engines and automotive engineering.
Download or read book Chemical Engineering Progress written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Recent Advances in Detailed Chemical Kinetic Models for Large Hydrocarbon and Biodiesel Transportation Fuels by :
Download or read book Recent Advances in Detailed Chemical Kinetic Models for Large Hydrocarbon and Biodiesel Transportation Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: N-Hexadecane and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane represent the primary reference fuels for diesel that are used to determine cetane number, a measure of the ignition property of diesel fuel. With the development of chemical kinetics models for these two primary reference fuels for diesel, a new capability is now available to model diesel fuel ignition. Also, we have developed chemical kinetic models for a whole series of large n-alkanes and a large iso-alkane to represent these chemical classes in fuel surrogates for conventional and future fuels. Methyl decanoate and methyl stearate are large methyl esters that are closely related to biodiesel fuels, and kinetic models for these molecules have also been developed. These chemical kinetic models are used to predict the effect of the fuel molecule size and structure on ignition characteristics under conditions found in internal combustion engines.
Book Synopsis Chemical Kinetic Models for HCCI and Diesel Combustion by :
Download or read book Chemical Kinetic Models for HCCI and Diesel Combustion written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrocarbon fuels for advanced combustion engines consist of complex mixtures of hundreds or even thousands of different components. These components can be grouped into a number of chemically distinct classes, consisting of n-paraffins, branched paraffins, cyclic paraffins, olefins, oxygenates, and aromatics. Biodiesel contains its own unique chemical class called methyl esters. The fractional amounts of these chemical classes are quite different in gasoline, diesel fuel, oil-sand derived fuels and bio-derived fuels, which contributes to the very different combustion characteristics of each of these types of combustion systems. The objectives of this project are: (1) Develop detailed chemical kinetic models for fuel components used in surrogate fuels for diesel and HCCI engines; (2) Develop surrogate fuel models to represent real fuels and model low temperature combustion strategies in HCCI and diesel engines that lead to low emissions and high efficiency; and (3) Characterize the role of fuel composition on low temperature combustion modes of advanced combustion engines.
Book Synopsis Effects of Oxygenates Blended with Diesel Fuel on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Compression-ignition Engine by : Adelbert Su-Tseh Cheng
Download or read book Effects of Oxygenates Blended with Diesel Fuel on Particulate Matter Emissions from a Compression-ignition Engine written by Adelbert Su-Tseh Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 582 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Detailed Chemical Kinetic Models for Large N-alkanes and Iso-alkanes Found in Conventional and F-T Diesel Fuels by :
Download or read book Detailed Chemical Kinetic Models for Large N-alkanes and Iso-alkanes Found in Conventional and F-T Diesel Fuels written by and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: N-Hexadecane and 2,2,4,4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane represent the primary reference fuels for diesel that are used to determine cetane number, a measure of the ignition property of diesel fuel. With the development of chemical kinetics models for both primary reference fuels, a new capability is now available to model diesel fuel ignition. Additionally, we have developed chemical kinetic models for a whole series of large n-alkanes and a large iso-alkane to represent these chemical classes in fuel surrogates for conventional and future fuels. These chemical kinetic models are used to predict the effect of the aforementioned fuel components on ignition characteristics under conditions found in internal combustion engines.
Book Synopsis Development of a Partially Premixed Combustion Model for a Diesel Engine Using Multiple Injection Strategies by : Rene Thygesen
Download or read book Development of a Partially Premixed Combustion Model for a Diesel Engine Using Multiple Injection Strategies written by Rene Thygesen and published by Logos Verlag Berlin GmbH. This book was released on 2012 with total page 157 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to fulfil future emissions legislations, new combustion systems are to be investigated. One way of improving exhaust emissions is the application of multiple injection strategies and conventional or partially premixed combustion conditions to a Diesel engine. The application of numerical techniques as CFD supports and improves the quality of engine developments. Unfortunately, current spray and combustion models are not accurate enough to simulate multiple injection systems, being in this way a topic of research. The goal of this study was the development of a novel simulation method for the investigation of Diesel engines operated with multiple injection strategies and different combustion modes. The first part of this work focused in improving the spray modelling. The inform ation of 3D CFD simulations of the injector nozzle was introduced in the spray simulation as boundary conditions developing coupling subroutines for this issue. The atomisation modelling was also improved using validated presumed droplet size distributions. Moreover, to avoid the simulation of the injector nozzle for every investigated operating point, a novel interpolating tool was developed in order to create spray boundary conditions based on few 3D CFD simulations of the nozzle under certain initial and boundary conditions. The second part of this thesis dealt with the combustion modelling of Diesel engines. For this issue, a laminar flamelet approach called Representative Interactive Flamelet model (RIF) was selected and implemented. Afterwards, an extended combustion model based on RIF was developed in order to take into account multiple injection strategies. Finally, this new model was validated with a wide range of operating points: applying multiple injection strategies under conventional and partially premixed combustion conditions.
Book Synopsis Development of a Phase Stability-based Fuel Condensation Model for Advanced Low Temperature Combustion Engines by :
Download or read book Development of a Phase Stability-based Fuel Condensation Model for Advanced Low Temperature Combustion Engines written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ever-more stringent legislative regulations on harmful emissions and fuel efficiency have driven researchers to develop cleaner and more efficient internal combustion engines. Research studies have shown that low temperature combustion can produce very low NOx and soot emissions while obtaining diesel-like high thermal efficiency. One strategy is reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion, which has been shown to be more practical and applicable than homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) by providing extra controllability on the combustion processes, including for the combustion phasing and duration. However, recent experimental work has shown that more than 95% of the particulate matter from RCCI combustion consists of organic species, which is drastically different from conventional diesel combustion (CDC), which mainly produces carbonaceous soot. This distinctive character is believed to be related to condensation processes of large hydrocarbon species that cannot stably exist in the gas phase. Rather, under certain conditions the heavy gaseous species can condense and they become responsible for the organic fraction of the particulate matter. To investigate this physical phenomenon, a thermodynamically consistent, robust and efficient phase equilibrium solver, which performs rigorous phase stability tests and phase splitting calculations with advanced numerical algorithms, was developed. This is a first step forward modeling condensation processes in engines. Potential phase separation and combination are considered using Gibbs free energy minimization and entropy maximization. The numerical solver was well validated on a number of mixtures in two- and three-phase equilibria with available data. It was also applied to study the complex phase behavior of mixtures, including multiphase dynamic flash calculations, supercritical fluid behavior, condensation and evaporation, PVT analysis and critical point behavior. In addition, the developed model was coupled with an open-source CFD code, KIVA, widely used for multi-dimensional engine spray and combustion simulations, thus enabling a consistent treatment of both the fluid dynamics and thermodynamics. The model was used to investigate a number of two-phase flow problems, including regular condensation in a nozzle, retrograde condensation in a shock tube, condensation processes during supercritical fuel injection, and condensation in an engine combustion chamber. The simulations were validated using available experiments for both pure species and mixtures, ranging from subcritical to supercritical flows. The thermodynamic equilibrium analysis was also applied to study engine fuel condensation processes under non-reacting conditions. First, simulations were performed for Sandia optical combustion vessels and engines with direct injection of a diesel jet into a pure nitrogen environment. Consistent with experiments, the simulations show that condensation of previously evaporated fuel takes place during the expansion stroke. For high-pressure fuel injection of an n-alkane fuel, there are local sub-critical conditions under which phase separation can take place. This is because of the significant reduction of the mixture temperature caused by vaporization and cooling of the cold liquid fuel. Therefore, even though the ambient conditions during injection are supercritical relative to the fuel, the actual mixture temperature can be much lower so that the mixture enters into the two-phase region. The phase equilibrium model was finally applied to study fuel condensation processes in a RCCI combustion engine. Condensation was predicted during the late stages of the expansion stroke, when the continuous expansion sends the local fluid into the two-phase region again. The condensed fuel is shown to affect emission predictions, including engine-out particulate matter and unburned hydrocarbons. Consistent with experiments, the organic fraction mass from the condensed fuel is predicted to be the majority (more than 99%) of the total particulate matter. Also, as the engine operation changes from low to high load, fuel condensation is significantly reduced due to the higher temperatures and pressures, and the engine-out PM is predicted to be mainly composed of solid carbonaceous soot particles.
Book Synopsis Modeling Engine Spray and Combustion Processes by : Gunnar Stiesch
Download or read book Modeling Engine Spray and Combustion Processes written by Gunnar Stiesch and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003-04-10 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The utilization of mathematical models to numerically describe the performance of internal combustion engines is of great significance in the development of new and improved engines. Today, such simulation models can already be viewed as standard tools, and their importance is likely to increase further as available com puter power is expected to increase and the predictive quality of the models is constantly enhanced. This book describes and discusses the most widely used mathematical models for in-cylinder spray and combustion processes, which are the most important subprocesses affecting engine fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. The relevant thermodynamic, fluid dynamic and chemical principles are summarized, and then the application of these principles to the in-cylinder processes is ex plained. Different modeling approaches for the each subprocesses are compared and discussed with respect to the governing model assumptions and simplifica tions. Conclusions are drawn as to which model approach is appropriate for a specific type of problem in the development process of an engine. Hence, this book may serve both as a graduate level textbook for combustion engineering stu dents and as a reference for professionals employed in the field of combustion en gine modeling. The research necessary for this book was carried out during my employment as a postdoctoral scientist at the Institute of Technical Combustion (ITV) at the Uni versity of Hannover, Germany and at the Engine Research Center (ERC) at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, USA.
Book Synopsis A Quasi-dimensional Charge Motion and Turbulence Model for Combustion and Emissions Prediction in Diesel Engines with a fully Variable Valve Train by : Qirui Yang
Download or read book A Quasi-dimensional Charge Motion and Turbulence Model for Combustion and Emissions Prediction in Diesel Engines with a fully Variable Valve Train written by Qirui Yang and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-01 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Qirui Yang develops a model chain for the simulation of combustion and emissions of diesel engine with fully variable valve train (VVT) based on extensive 3D-CFD simulations, and experimental measurements on the engine test bench. The focus of the work is the development of a quasi-dimensional (QDM) flow model, which sets up a series of sub-models to describe phenomenologically the swirl, squish and axial charge motions as well as the shear-related turbulence production and dissipation. The QDM flow model is coupled with a QDM combustion model and a nitrogen oxides (NOx) / soot emission model. With the established model chain, VVT operating strategies of diesel engine can be developed and optimized as part of the simulation for specific engine performance parameters and the lowest NOx and soot emissions.
Book Synopsis Combustion Modelling of Diesel Fuel, Seed Oils and Methyl Ester of Seed Oils by : S. Kumar
Download or read book Combustion Modelling of Diesel Fuel, Seed Oils and Methyl Ester of Seed Oils written by S. Kumar and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
