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Juvenile Coho Salmon Habitat Utilization And Distribution In A Suburban Watershed
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Author :Guillermo Roberto Giannico Publisher :National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada ISBN 13 : Total Pages :250 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (121 download)
Book Synopsis Juvenile Coho Salmon Habitat Utilization and Distribution in a Suburban Watershed by : Guillermo Roberto Giannico
Download or read book Juvenile Coho Salmon Habitat Utilization and Distribution in a Suburban Watershed written by Guillermo Roberto Giannico and published by National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada. This book was released on 1996 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Winter Distribution, Movement, and Smolt Transformation of Juvenile Coho Salmon in an Oregon Coastal Stream by : Jeffrey D. Rodgers
Download or read book The Winter Distribution, Movement, and Smolt Transformation of Juvenile Coho Salmon in an Oregon Coastal Stream written by Jeffrey D. Rodgers and published by . This book was released on 1986 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The abundance of the 1982 brood of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) was determined in August 1983, and January and April 1984 at 20 study sites spread throughout Knowles Creek, an Oregon coastal watershed. The timing of emigration of juvenile coho from the watershed was monitored from October 1983 through June 1984. Condition factor, fork length, and gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity were measured in migrants, a captive group of Knowles Creek juvenile coho held in the laboratory, and nonmigrant fish periodically sampled from the stream. Skin guanine levels were also measured in migrant and nonmigrant groups. Juvenile coho abundance in January was significantly correlated with abundance in August. Wood volume and amount of undercut streambank were the pair of physical variables that best explained variation in the number of fish per square meter or per cubic meter in January. Two debris torrent ponds in the middle of the watershed contained large amounts of woody debris and were the most heavily used overwintering habitats for juvenile coho in the Knowles Creek. Few juvenile coho overwintered in the lower half of watershed, an area lacking woody debris. Peaks in outmigration occurred in November and May. Approximately 24% of the total number of migrants emigrated in November. Fish that reared in two of three third-order areas in summer, together with fish from the lower (fifth-order) half of the mainstem, were the first to leave the watershed. While lack of winter habitat may have been the cause of migration from the lower mainstem, low summer streamflows may have caused early migration from the low order sites. Gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity of migrants rose gradually from a low in January to a peak at the end of the study in June. Mean gill (Na+K)-ATPase activity of nonmigrants was only significantly lower than that of migrant fish during April. Gill (Na+K)-ATPase of captives was similar to that of nonmigrants until it peaked during the last two weeks in April, after which the activity fell below that of migrants or nonmigrants. Condition factor of nonmigrant fish was higher than either migrants or captives throughout the study. Migrant skin guanine levels rose sharply during the first two weeks in April and continued to rise until the end of the study in June. Approximately 8,300 juvenile coho, 44% of the estimated number of juvenile coho present in Knowles Creek in August, migrated from the watershed by the following June. An estimated 9% of the August population migrated as smolts after April 1.
Book Synopsis Habitat Utilization, Density, and Growth of Steelhead Trout, Coho Salmon, and Pacific Giant Salamander in Relation to Habitat Types in a Small Coastal Redwood Stream by : Michael Roy Lau
Download or read book Habitat Utilization, Density, and Growth of Steelhead Trout, Coho Salmon, and Pacific Giant Salamander in Relation to Habitat Types in a Small Coastal Redwood Stream written by Michael Roy Lau and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 128 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Abundance, Size, Habitat Utilization, and Intrastream Movement of Juvenile Coho Salmon in a Small Southeast Alaskan Stream by : Roger Dean Harding
Download or read book Abundance, Size, Habitat Utilization, and Intrastream Movement of Juvenile Coho Salmon in a Small Southeast Alaskan Stream written by Roger Dean Harding and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Protocol Using Coho Salmon to Monitor Tongass National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan Standards and Guidelines for Fish Habitat by : Mason D. Bryant
Download or read book A Protocol Using Coho Salmon to Monitor Tongass National Forest Land and Resource Management Plan Standards and Guidelines for Fish Habitat written by Mason D. Bryant and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 88 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We describe a protocol to monitor the effectiveness of the Tongass Land Management Plan (TLMP) management standards for maintaining fish habitat. The protocol uses juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) in small tributary streams in forested watersheds. We used a 3-year pilot study to develop detailed methods to estimate juvenile salmonid populations, measure habitat, and quantitatively determine trends in juvenile coho salmon abundance over 10 years. Coho salmon have been shown to be sensitive to habitat alterations, and we use coho salmon parr as the primary indicator in the protocol. A priori criteria for type I and type II error rates, effect size, and sample sizes for the protocol were derived with estimates of variance computed from the 3-year pilot study. The protocol is designed to detect trends in abundance of coho salmon parr, as well as coho salmon fry and Dolly Varden (Salvelinus malma), in small streams managed according to TLMP standards and guidelines and to compare these to trends in unmanaged (old-growth) watersheds. Trends are adjusted to account for statistically significant habitat covariates. This information provides an important element in monitoring land management practices in the Tongass National Forest. The methods we describe may have application to monitoring protocols elsewhere for fish populations and land management practices.
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Zoology written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 852 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Factors Influencing Habitat Use by Juvenile Interior Fraser Coho by : Kyla D. Warren
Download or read book Factors Influencing Habitat Use by Juvenile Interior Fraser Coho written by Kyla D. Warren and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The influence of physical and biological factors on juvenile interior Fraser coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) habitat use was examined within the Horsefly River watershed using three approaches. Otolith microchemistry was used to assess potential movement of juveniles throughout the watershed. This analysis showed evidence of an average of 3.5 movements to different habitats within the Horsefly watershed during the juvenile lifestage. It was not possible to track the location and timing of most of those migrations, but some appear to be the result of a movement into small tributaries in late summer and winter. A microhabitat model was used to determine physical characteristics of habitats where juvenile coho were captured. Low velocity, small stream width, a greater proportion of gravel as substrate, and high instream and overhead cover were strongly related to the distribution of juvenile coho within the streams examined. A behavioural study in an artificial stream channel assessed the type of interactions that occur among juvenile coho. Juvenile interior Fraser coho exhibited little evidence of territoriality, contrasting with published reports of highly territorial juvenile coho behavior in coastal systems. The lack of territoriality of the interior Fraser coho studies, their frequent migrations, and their strong association with cover, all suggest interior Fraser coho exhibit different habitat use patterns than coho in coastal streams. The difference in habitat use and requirements may influence the effectiveness of current management strategies, many of which are based solely on criteria from coastal coho research studies. --P. ii.
Book Synopsis Effects of Agricultural Conservation Practices on Fish and Wildlife by :
Download or read book Effects of Agricultural Conservation Practices on Fish and Wildlife written by and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 380 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The bibliography is a guide to recent scientific literature covering effects of agricultural conservation practices on fish and wildlife. The citations listed here provide information on how conservation programs and practices designed to improve fish and wildlife habitat, as well as those intended for other purposes (e.g., water quality improvement), affect various aquatic and terrestrial fauna"--Abstract.
Book Synopsis The Influence of Estuarine Habitats on Expression of Life History Characteristics of Coho Salmon Smolts in South-Central Alaska by : Tammy D. Hoem Neher
Download or read book The Influence of Estuarine Habitats on Expression of Life History Characteristics of Coho Salmon Smolts in South-Central Alaska written by Tammy D. Hoem Neher and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expression of traits that lead to life history diversity in salmonids may provide population-level resilience and stability in dynamic environments. I examined habitat use and variability in life history trait expression in juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch occupying two contrasting estuary environments in south-central Alaska. My goal was two-fold: first, to determine if salmon were using estuaries as rearing environments and were therefore potentially vulnerable to selection pressures within; and second, to compare traits of salmon that reared in contrasting estuary environments to explore the potential for differential trait expression related to estuary size and habitat complexity differences. Juvenile coho salmon reared in estuaries for extended periods of time and patterns of use corresponded to environmental conditions within the estuaries. Populations using adjacent but contrasting estuary environments exhibited differential trait expression and were genetically distinct. My work highlights how pristine, functioning estuary habitats contribute to resilience of salmon populations to environmental changes in two ways: first, by providing habitats for individuals to increase in size and condition prior to ocean entry; and second, by providing for alternative life history tactics (providing quality habitat to delay marine entry times and increase body size). Management approaches for resilient salmon runs must therefore maintain both watershed and estuary function.
Book Synopsis Identification and Characterization of Juvenile Coho Salmon Overwintering Habitats and Early Spring Outmigration in the Anchor River Watershed, Alaska by : Michelle Kathleen Gutsch
Download or read book Identification and Characterization of Juvenile Coho Salmon Overwintering Habitats and Early Spring Outmigration in the Anchor River Watershed, Alaska written by Michelle Kathleen Gutsch and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Alaska, winter months are likely a crucial time period for juvenile salmon; however, this aspect of their ecology is poorly understood. Our goal was to examine the role of groundwater in moderating the severity of overwintering habitat conditions and the strength of selection of these habitats by juvenile coho salmon in side and peripheral channels representing a range of groundwater influence in the Anchor River, Alaska. We also investigated the effects of overwintering habitat features on the timing of juvenile coho salmon outmigration. In fall 2010 and spring 2011, we sampled 25 sites along the south fork of the Anchor River. We related catch per unit effort of juvenile coho salmon to habitat conditions within these sites; in addition, we collected individual information on fish (length) and tagged a subset of captured individuals for later recapture during outmigration. In summer 2011, outmigrating fish, including tagged individuals, were recaptured using a screw smolt trap; we related the timing of outmigration to both individual characteristics of the fish and characteristics of the overwintering site in which individuals were originally tagged. Our results indicated that the amount of groundwater, dissolved oxygen (% saturation), and invertebrate density were determinants of age-1+ coho salmon abundance in overwintering habitats. We were unable to model data from age-0 coho salmon due to assumption violations, but my data indicated that these fish distributed themselves differently than age-1+ fish, with greater abundances in areas with less groundwater influence. From the outmigration model, we determined that a high proportion of groundwater (60-96%) of the overwintering site and long fish length in the fall before winter lead to earlier spring outmigration. Variability in coho salmon lengths observed within overwintering habitats was not reflected in the relative uniformity of outmigrating individuals in length, suggesting that body size is a critical smolting cue. My study provides strong evidence for the importance of groundwater influence in providing high-quality winter habitats for age-1+ coho salmon and allowing for earlier outmigration in improved condition.
Book Synopsis A Landscape Approach to Determining and Predicting Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Movement Timing and Growth Patterns Prior to Ocean Entry by :
Download or read book A Landscape Approach to Determining and Predicting Juvenile Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) Movement Timing and Growth Patterns Prior to Ocean Entry written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 124 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) rely on unique habitats during the winter season, which may dictate how much individuals may growth and when migration from freshwater rearing habitat to the ocean occurs. Here I analyze movement timing and growth patterns for coho salmon through a field-based study and a literature review. For the field portion, I examined hatchery-stocked juvenile coho salmon across four stream basins in the Russian River watershed, California to determine the relative importance of climate, landscape, and fish size metrics in predicting movement and growth patterns over a winter rearing and spring smolt outmigration time period (December 2014-June 2015). I observed three unique movement strategies: winter parr movement, spring smolt movement, and inter-tributary movement. Movement was predicted in relation to daily temperature and precipitation, followed by in-stream and upslope basin conditions in random forest modeling. Specifically, fish that moved later were associated with basins that contained higher productivity and low-gradient floodplain habitats, while fish that moved earlier came from streams that lacked invertebrate prey and had limited low-gradient rearing habitat. Fish size and timing of movement were the primary predictors of growth, with relatively larger fish in the spring growing faster than fish that were relatively smaller prior to winter. These relationships suggest that hatchery-release fish are still highly influenced by environmental conditions once released, especially in terms of initial seasonal movement, and that watershed conditions should be considered when utilizing hatchery-rearing programs to supplement wild fish populations. In North America, coho salmon populations are distributed from Alaska through California, and may exhibit unique movement and growth patterns in relationship to population-scale vulnerability (Endangered Species Act listing), basin area, and availability and types of rearing habitat. For the second part of my thesis, I conducted a literature review to assess what factors are commonly considered in predicting movement and growth patterns for these fish, as well as the types (season and life stage) and number of movement strategies reported. Eighteen studies were summarized, of which sixteen identified unique movement strategies, ranging from one to four. Despite a wide range of basin areas and latitudes, winter parr and spring smolt movements were commonly observed, with authors primarily relating these behaviors to in-stream habitat and fish size metrics. Additionally, growth was linked positively and primarily with off-channel winter rearing, which may outweigh the importance of fish size in predicting growth when high quality rearing habitats are available during the winter season. Recognizing movement timing diversity and its drivers can help recover threatened coho salmon populations. More widely distributed populations may have unique phenotypic expressions based on localized genetic and environmental interactions, increasing diversity and overall stability across the population, a concept known as the portfolio effect. Understanding fish-habitat relationships can aid recovery efforts by providing a framework of climatic and watershed conditions that support unique behaviors, even in already severely limited populations.
Book Synopsis Landscape Characteristics Influence Climate Change Effects on Juvenile Chinook and Coho Salmon Rearing Habitat in the Kenai River Watershed by : Benjamin Everett Meyer
Download or read book Landscape Characteristics Influence Climate Change Effects on Juvenile Chinook and Coho Salmon Rearing Habitat in the Kenai River Watershed written by Benjamin Everett Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in temperature and precipitation as a result of ongoing climate warming in south-central Alaska are affecting juvenile salmon rearing habitat differently across watersheds. Work presented here simulates summer growth rates of juvenile Chinook and coho salmon in streams under future climate and feeding scenarios in the Kenai River (Alaska) watershed across a spectrum of landscape settings from lowland to glacially-influenced. I used field-derived data on water temperature, diet, and body size as inputs to bioenergetics models to simulate growth for the 2030-2039 and 2060-2069 time periods, comparing back to 2010-2019. My results suggest decreasing growth rates under most future scenarios; predicted changes were of lower magnitude in the cooler glacial watershed and main stem and more in montane and lowland watersheds. The results demonstrate how stream and landscape types differentially filter a climate signal to juvenile rearing salmon habitat and contribute to a broader portfolio of habitats in early life stages. Additionally, I examined two years of summer water temperature data from sites throughout our study tributaries to assess the degree to which lower-reach sites are representative of upstream thermal regimes. I found that the lower reaches in the lowland and glacial study watersheds were reasonably representative of daily and seasonal main stem thermal conditions upstream, while in the montane study watershed (elevation and gradient mid-way between the lowland watershed) upstream conditions were less consistent and thus less suitable for thermal characterization by a lower-reach site alone. Together, this work highlights examples of the importance of accounting for habitat diversity when assessing climate change impacts to salmon-bearing streams.
Book Synopsis Longitudinal Distribution Patterns and Habitat Associations of Juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch in Tributaries of the Little Susitna River, Alaska by : Kevin Michael Foley
Download or read book Longitudinal Distribution Patterns and Habitat Associations of Juvenile Coho Salmon Oncorhynchus Kisutch in Tributaries of the Little Susitna River, Alaska written by Kevin Michael Foley and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding how headwater streams function as rearing habitats for juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch is essential for effective population management and conservation. To inform habitat restoration activities within the Matanuska-Susitna Valley, Alaska, I determined upstream distribution limits, validated abundance estimates, and established fish habitat relationships in two headwater stream tributaries of the Little Susitna River in 2010-11. Using a low-effort, spatially continuous sampling approach and linear mixed-effects models, I related local- and landscape-scale habitat associations to abundance estimates. All-aged coho salmon composed approximately 98% of all fish sampled and inhabited the entire stream length to their upstream limits. Age-1+ fish resided in 64% and 44% of the stream length for the two sampled streams. The mean upstream elevation limit for all-aged fish in these streams was 278m and 267m. For age- 1+ fish, the upstream elevation limit in the two streams was 275m and 238m. Percent slope at the distribution limit of all-aged fish was consistent across streams at 5%, whereas percent slope for age-1+ fish correspond to 4% and 6%. Elevation and percent slope consistently described upstream distribution limits among age classes. Therefore, we must consider these landscape features when prioritizing restoration projects in headwater streams.
Book Synopsis Marine Survival of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) from Small Coastal Watersheds in Northern California by : Sean M. Cochran
Download or read book Marine Survival of Coho Salmon (Oncorhynchus Kisutch) from Small Coastal Watersheds in Northern California written by Sean M. Cochran and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: California coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch populations are at low abundance and factors governing recruitment variability remain unclear. Changes in freshwater habitat that increase juvenile growth and size of salmon outmigrating to sea (smolts) may improve ocean survival. The best data to evaluate this among wild coho salmon populations in California come from life-cycle monitoring (LCM) stations. This study investigated whether marine survival is size-dependent (larger individuals within a cohort have higher marine survival) and whether sites and years with higher growth have higher marine survival across five LCM locations. I tested for size-dependent survival using two techniques: comparing the size of outmigrating smolts and back-calculated smolt sizes from scales of adult fish that survived to return; and using information from fish that were tagged as smolts and survived to return as adults. Analyses comparing smolt sizes back-calculated from adult scales and observed lengths from smolt traps indicated that within-year size-dependent mortality at sea occurred among many outmigrant cohorts, while analyses using smolt lengths of recaptured adult fish tagged as juveniles did not indicate any within-cohort size-selective mortality at sea. Potential explanations for the conflicting results include errors in scale back-calculation; smolts growing in habitats below smolt traps prior to ocean entrance; and fish with alternative juvenile life histories that were unaccounted for in outmigrant sampling surviving and contributing to the adult populations. In regressions across sites and years, marine survival was positively associated with early marine growth measured from the scales of surviving adult salmon and in some instances marine survival was also positively associated with mean fork length of outmigrating smolts. Although size may be an important determinant of ocean survival, this study shows that comparison of back-calculated smolts sizes from scales of adult fish and observed lengths of smolts at an upstream trapping location are unreliable approaches for testing size-selective mortality. This study also provides support for expanding studies at LCM stations to determine how juvenile coho salmon use habitat downstream of migrant trapping locations.
Book Synopsis American Doctoral Dissertations by :
Download or read book American Doctoral Dissertations written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 896 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences by :
Download or read book Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 1272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Managing California's Water by : Ellen Hanak
Download or read book Managing California's Water written by Ellen Hanak and published by Public Policy Instit. of CA. This book was released on 2011 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
