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Julian The Apostate In Byzantine Culture
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Book Synopsis Julian the Apostate in Byzantine Culture by : Stefano Trovato
Download or read book Julian the Apostate in Byzantine Culture written by Stefano Trovato and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2022-07-15 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Julian, the last pagan emperor of the Roman empire, died in war in 363. In the Byzantine (that is, the Eastern Roman) empire, the figure of Julian aroused conflicting reactions: antipathy towards his apostasy but also admiration for his accomplishments, particularly as an author writing in Greek. Julian died young, and his attempt to reinstate paganism was a failure, but, paradoxically, his brief and unsuccessful policy resonated for centuries. This book analyses Julian from the perspectives of Byzantine Culture. The history of his posthumous fortune reveals differences in cultural perspectives and it is most intriguing with regard to the Eastern Roman empire which survived for almost a millennium after the fall of the Western empire. Byzantine culture viewed Julian in multiple ways, first as the legitimate emperor of the enduring Roman empire; second as the author of works written in Greek and handed down for generations in the language that scholars, the Church, and the state administration all continued to use; and third as an open enemy of Christianity. Julian the Apostate in Byzantine Culture will appeal to researchers and students alike in Byzantine perspectives on Julian, Greco-Roman Paganism, and the Later Roman Empire, as well as those interested in Byzantine Historiography.
Book Synopsis A Companion to Julian the Apostate by : Hans-Ulrich Wiemer
Download or read book A Companion to Julian the Apostate written by Hans-Ulrich Wiemer and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few Roman emperors enjoy such fame as Julian the Apostate (361-363), the man who tried in vain to reverse the transformation of the Roman Empire into a Christian monarchy. This companion synthesizes international research on Julian and develops new perspectives on his rule.
Book Synopsis Julian the Apostate and the Rise of Christianity by : Francis A. Ridley
Download or read book Julian the Apostate and the Rise of Christianity written by Francis A. Ridley and published by . This book was released on 1937 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Julian the Apostate by : Shaun Tougher
Download or read book Julian the Apostate written by Shaun Tougher and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Was Julian the Apostate the prospective saviour of the Roman Empire, or was he largely out-of-touch? Was he an evangelist for Mithraism, or an altogether more traditional pagan? These questions and more are asked and discussed, allowing students to reach their own verdict on this controversial emperor.
Book Synopsis From Constantine to Julian: Pagan and Byzantine Views by : Samuel Lieu
Download or read book From Constantine to Julian: Pagan and Byzantine Views written by Samuel Lieu and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2002-11 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides students with important source material covering an age of major transition in Europe - the establishment of Rome as a Christian empire. Most of the material was previously unavailable in English.
Book Synopsis Byzantine Studies and Other Essays by : Norman Hepburn Baynes
Download or read book Byzantine Studies and Other Essays written by Norman Hepburn Baynes and published by Greenwood. This book was released on 1974 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Last Pagan written by Adrian Murdoch and published by Inner Traditions. This book was released on 2008-04-18 with total page 280 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of Julian, the grandson of Constantine, and his failed attempt to reverse the Christian tide that swept the Roman Empire • Portrays the “Apostate” as a poet-philosopher, arguing that had he survived, Christianity would have been checked in its rise • Details reforms enacted by Julian during his two-year reign that marginalized Christians, effectively limiting their role in the social and political life of the Empire • Shows how after Julian’s death the Church used paganism to represent evil and opposition to God, a tactic whose traces still linger The violent death of the emperor Julian (Flavius Claudius Julianus, AD 332-363) on a Persian battlefield has become synonymous with the death of paganism. Vilified throughout history as the “Apostate,” the young philosopher-warrior was the last and arguably the most potent threat to Christianity. The Last Pagan examines Julian’s journey from an aristocratic Christian childhood to his initiation into pagan cults and his mission to establish paganism as the dominant faith of the Roman world. Julian’s death, only two years into his reign, initiated a culture-wide suppression by the Church of all things it chose to identify as pagan. Only in recent decades, with the weakening of the Church’s influence and the resurgence of paganism, have the effects of that suppression begun to wane. Drawing upon more than 700 pages of Julian’s original writings, Adrian Murdoch shows that had Julian lived longer our history and our present-day culture would likely be very different.
Book Synopsis The Last Pagan Emperor by : H. C. Teitler
Download or read book The Last Pagan Emperor written by H. C. Teitler and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-13 with total page 224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Flavius Claudius Julianus was the last pagan to sit on the Roman imperial throne (361-363). Born in Constantinople in 331 or 332, Julian was raised as a Christian, but apostatized, and during his short reign tried to revive paganism, which, after the conversion to Christianity of his uncle Constantine the Great early in the fourth century, began losing ground at an accelerating pace. Having become an orphan when he was still very young, Julian was taken care of by his cousin Constantius II, one of Constantine's sons, who permitted him to study rhetoric and philosophy and even made him co-emperor in 355. But the relations between Julian and Constantius were strained from the beginning, and it was only Constantius' sudden death in 361 which prevented an impending civil war. As sole emperor, Julian restored the worship of the traditional gods. He opened pagan temples again, reintroduced animal sacrifices, and propagated paganism through both the spoken and the written word. In his treatise Against the Galilaeans he sharply criticised the religion of the followers of Jesus whom he disparagingly called 'Galilaeans'. He put his words into action, and issued laws which were displeasing to Christians--the most notorious being his School Edict. This provoked the anger of the Christians, who reacted fiercely, and accused Julian of being a persecutor like his predecessors Nero, Decius, and Diocletian. Violent conflicts between pagans and Christians made themselves felt all over the empire. It is disputed whether or not Julian himself was behind such outbursts. Accusations against the Apostate continued to be uttered even after the emperor's early death. In this book, the feasibility of such charges is examined.
Book Synopsis Julian the Apostate by : Glen Warren Bowersock
Download or read book Julian the Apostate written by Glen Warren Bowersock and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 1978 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Proceeding directly from an evaluation of the ancient sources--the testimony of friends and enemies of Julian as well as the writings of the emperor himself--the author traces Julian's youth, his command of the Roman forces in Gaul, and his emergence as sole ruler in the course of a dramatic march to Constantinople.
Book Synopsis Gods and Legions by : Michael Curtis Ford
Download or read book Gods and Legions written by Michael Curtis Ford and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2007-04-01 with total page 384 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The year 354 A.D.: Julian, a young scholar in Athens, is the last survivor of a bloody political purge that killed his entire family. Unexpectedly summoned to the court of the Emperor Constantius, he fears the worst-only to find himself bearing the ring of Caesar of the Western Empire. Tested by bloody battle and the scepticism of the Roman legions, Julian proves to be a military genius, crushing the German tribes that have threatened Rome for generations. Soon after, defying his own emperor against overwhelming odds, he risks civil war and ultimately seizes the Empire for himself, becoming the most powerful man in the world while still only thirty. Now the dark side of his ambition emerges. Julian discards the Christianity of his boyhood and sets his sights on the greatest conquest of all-the Persian Empire. In Persia, however, his gods and his sanity desert him, and in one swift stroke, the course of history is altered forever. Ranging from the forbidding forests of ancient Gaul to the sweltering sands of Persia, Gods & Legions is a breathtaking historical re-creation of one of the most dangerous periods-and enduring mysteries-of all time.
Book Synopsis The Sons of Constantine, AD 337-361 by : Nicholas Baker-Brian
Download or read book The Sons of Constantine, AD 337-361 written by Nicholas Baker-Brian and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-05-30 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited collection focuses on the Roman empire during the period from AD 337 to 361. During this period the empire was ruled by three brothers: Constantine II (337-340), Constans I (337-350) and Constantius II (337-361). These emperors tend to be cast into shadow by their famous father Constantine, the first Christian Roman emperor (306-337), and their famous cousin Julian, the last pagan Roman emperor (361-363). The traditional concentration on the historically renowned figures of Constantine and Julian is understandable but comes at a significant price: the neglect of the period between the death of Constantine and the reign of Julian and of the rulers who governed the empire in this period. The reigns of the sons of Constantine, especially that of the longest-lived Constantius II, mark a moment of great historical significance. As the heirs of Constantine they became the guardians of his legacy, and they oversaw the nature of the world in which Julian was to grow up. The thirteen contributors to this volume assess their influence on imperial, administrative, cultural, and religious facets of the empire in the fourth century.
Book Synopsis Emperor and Author by : Nicholas J. Baker-Brian
Download or read book Emperor and Author written by Nicholas J. Baker-Brian and published by Classical Press of Wales. This book was released on 2012-12-31 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume offers the first comprehensive analysis in English of all the writings of Julian (r. AD 361-363), the last pagan emperor of Rome, noted for his frontal and self-conscious challenge to Christianity. The book also contains treatments of Julian's laws, inscriptions, coinage, as well as his artistic programme. Across nineteen papers, international specialists in the field of Late Antique Studies offer original interpretations of an extraordinary figure: emperor and philosopher, soldier and accomplished writer. Julian, his life and writings, are here considered as parts of the tumult in politics, culture and religion during the Fourth Century AD. New light is shed on Julian's distinctive literary style and imperial agenda. The volume also includes an up-to-date, consolidated bibliography.
Book Synopsis The Cambridge Guide to Homer by : Corinne Ondine Pache
Download or read book The Cambridge Guide to Homer written by Corinne Ondine Pache and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2020-03-05 with total page 974 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From its ancient incarnation as a song to recent translations in modern languages, Homeric epic remains an abiding source of inspiration for both scholars and artists that transcends temporal and linguistic boundaries. The Cambridge Guide to Homer examines the influence and meaning of Homeric poetry from its earliest form as ancient Greek song to its current status in world literature, presenting the information in a synthetic manner that allows the reader to gain an understanding of the different strands of Homeric studies. The volume is structured around three main themes: Homeric Song and Text; the Homeric World, and Homer in the World. Each section starts with a series of 'macropedia' essays arranged thematically that are accompanied by shorter complementary 'micropedia' articles. The Cambridge Guide to Homer thus traces the many routes taken by Homeric epic in the ancient world and its continuing relevance in different periods and cultures.
Book Synopsis The Emperor in the Byzantine World by : Shaun Tougher
Download or read book The Emperor in the Byzantine World written by Shaun Tougher and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 709 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The subject of the emperor in the Byzantine world may seem likely to be a well-studied topic but there is no book devoted to the emperor in general covering the span of the Byzantine empire. Of course there are studies on individual emperors, dynasties and aspects of the imperial office/role, but there remains no equivalent to Fergus Millar’s The Emperor in the Roman World (from which the proposed volume takes inspiration for its title and scope). The oddity of a lack of a general study of the Byzantine emperor is compounded by the fact that a series of books devoted to Byzantine empresses was published in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Thus it is appropriate to turn the spotlight on the emperor. Themes covered by the contributions include: questions of dynasty and imperial families; the imperial court and the emperor’s men; imperial duties and the emperor as ruler; imperial literature (the emperor as subject and author); and the material emperor, including imperial images and spaces. The volume fills a need in the field and the market, and also brings new and cutting-edge approaches to the study of the Byzantine emperor. Although the volume cannot hope to be a comprehensive treatment of the emperor in the Byzantine world it aims to cover a broad chronological and thematic span and to play a vital part in setting the agenda for future work. The subject of the Byzantine emperor has also an obvious relevance for historians working on rulership in other cultures and periods.
Book Synopsis Constantine the Great, Christianity, and Constantinople by : Terry Julian
Download or read book Constantine the Great, Christianity, and Constantinople written by Terry Julian and published by Trafford Publishing. This book was released on 2005 with total page 132 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since Jesus Christ, only two people have affected the life or death of christianity: Saint Paul with his missionary success and Constantine The Great with his divine revelation. Constantine was the emperor who turned the Roman Empire from persecuting Christians to promoting them and this resulted in major and lasting consequences for Christianity. He created an environment for Christianity to evolve from a fringe society to become the single most important influence on Western civilization. In addition to being the greatest builder of Christian churches, Constantine created Constantinople, today's Istanbul a centre that kept Christianity and classical literature alive for a thousand years.
Book Synopsis The Heroic Deeds of Constantius by : Julian
Download or read book The Heroic Deeds of Constantius written by Julian and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-09-02 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Julian (332 - 26 June 363), also known as Julian the Apostate, was Roman Emperor from 361 to 363, as well as a notable philosopher and author in Greek. A member of the Constantinian dynasty, Julian became Caesar over the western provinces by order of Constantius II in 355 and in this role campaigned successfully against the Alamanni and Franks. Most notable was his crushing victory over the Alamanni in 357 at the Battle of Argentoratum despite being outnumbered. In 360 in Lutetia (Paris) he was proclaimed Augustus by his soldiers, sparking a civil war between Julian and Constantius. Before the two could face each other in battle, however, Constantius died, after naming Julian as his rightful successor. In 363, Julian embarked on an ambitious campaign against the Sassanid Empire. Though initially successful, Julian was mortally wounded in battle and died shortly thereafter. Julian was a man of unusually complex character: he was "the military commander, the theosophist, the social reformer, and the man of letters." He was the last non-Christian ruler of the Roman Empire, and it was his desire to bring the Empire back to its ancient Roman values in order to, as he saw it, save it from dissolution. He purged the top-heavy state bureaucracy and attempted to revive traditional Roman religious practices at the cost of Christianity. His anti-Christian sentiment and promotion of Neoplatonic paganism caused him to be remembered as Julian the Apostate ( Apostates, "a person who has abandoned their religion, principles") by the church. He was the last emperor of the Constantinian dynasty, the empire's first Christian dynasty. Julian's personal religion was both pagan and philosophical; he viewed the traditional myths as allegories, in which the ancient gods were aspects of a philosophical divinity. The chief surviving sources are his works To King Helios and To the Mother of the Gods, which were written as panegyrics, not theological treatises. While there are clear resemblances to other forms of Late Antique religion, it is controversial as to which variety it is most similar. He learned theurgy from Maximus of Ephesus, a student of Iamblichus; his system bears some resemblance to the Neoplatonism of Plotinus; Polymnia Athanassiadi has brought new attention to his relations with Mithraism, although whether he was initiated into it remains debatable; and certain aspects of his thought (such as his reorganization of paganism under High Priests, and his fundamental monotheism) may show Christian influence. Some of these potential sources have not come down to us, and all of them influenced each other, which adds to the difficulties. According to one theory (that of G.W. Bowersock in particular), Julian's paganism was highly eccentric and atypical because it was heavily influenced by an esoteric approach to Platonic philosophy sometimes identified as theurgy and also Neoplatonism. Others (Rowland Smith, in particular) have argued that Julian's philosophical perspective was nothing unusual for a "cultured" pagan of his time, and, at any rate, that Julian's paganism was not limited to philosophy alone, and that he was deeply devoted to the same gods and goddesses as other pagans of his day.
Book Synopsis The Culture of the Byzantine Empire by : Vic Kovacs
Download or read book The Culture of the Byzantine Empire written by Vic Kovacs and published by The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc. This book was released on 2016-07-15 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Constantinople was once known as the “city of the world,” but this was only one important settlement in the Byzantine Empire. This title explores the geographical reaches of the eastern part of the Roman Empire, with a focus on the multicultural people who made it their home. The text covers the lives of Christians, Jews, and Muslims, as well as the merchants, Viking mercenaries, and barbarian hordes that made this culture unique. Other important social studies topics include arts, architecture, education, and family life. Readers will be fascinated by the ancient world of the Byzantines!
