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Judicial Avoidance
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Book Synopsis Judicial Avoidance by : Carolina Alves das Chagas
Download or read book Judicial Avoidance written by Carolina Alves das Chagas and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-08-24 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses cases of judicial avoidance: what happens when courts leave some or all of the merits of a case undecided? It explores examples of justiciability assessments and deferential approaches regarding the decision of another authority and examines legitimacy issues involving judicial avoidance. The reader is presented with answers to two fundamental questions that guide the development of the book: - Is it legitimate to practise judicial avoidance? - How could judicial avoidance be practised legitimately? The conflict of competences, which often emerges in instances of judicial avoidance, is an important book baseline. From this conflict, the book considers and defends the possibility of applying 'formal balancing' to provide a clearer structure of the exercise of justiciability and judicial deference. The 'formal balancing' methodology is based on Alexy's principles theory, and its connection with judicial avoidance represents a significant contribution and novel point in constitutional adjudication.
Book Synopsis Judicial Avoidance by : Carolina Alves das Chagas
Download or read book Judicial Avoidance written by Carolina Alves das Chagas and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-08-24 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book analyses cases of judicial avoidance: what happens when courts leave some or all of the merits of a case undecided? It explores examples of justiciability assessments and deferential approaches regarding the decision of another authority and examines legitimacy issues involving judicial avoidance. The reader is presented with answers to two fundamental questions that guide the development of the book: - Is it legitimate to practise judicial avoidance? - How could judicial avoidance be practised legitimately? The conflict of competences, which often emerges in instances of judicial avoidance, is an important book baseline. From this conflict, the book considers and defends the possibility of applying 'formal balancing' to provide a clearer structure of the exercise of justiciability and judicial deference. The 'formal balancing' methodology is based on Alexy's principles theory, and its connection with judicial avoidance represents a significant contribution and novel point in constitutional adjudication.
Book Synopsis Constitutional Inquiries by : Kelly R. Doyle
Download or read book Constitutional Inquiries written by Kelly R. Doyle and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Article III of the Constitution established the judicial branch of the United States, consisting of the Supreme Court and of any "inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish.... " To staff such courts, the Constitution empowered life-tenured and salary-protected judges to adjudicate certain "cases" or "controversies," including cases arising under the Constitution. The Supreme Court, in Marbury v. Madison, held that the judicial power to interpret the Constitution necessarily includes the power of judicial review--that is, the power to countermand the decisions by other government agents because a given decision contravenes the Constitution. The Supreme Court has established a host of loosely related rules generally called the constitutional avoidance doctrine that discourage a federal court from issuing broad rulings on matters of constitutional law. After providing general background on the power of judicial review and the major theories on the constitutional avoidance doctrine, this book explores the various rules that allow a court to avoid a ruling that invalidates a democratically enacted law and the logic behind those rules. This book provides an exploration of how the doctrine of constitutional avoidance has influenced some of the recent jurisprudence of the Roberts Court, criticisms of the doctrine, and the implications for Congress. The book also discusses the justiciability and the separation of powers in the political question doctrine, which the Supreme Court has articulated to restrict when federal courts will adjudicate disputes.
Book Synopsis The Doctrine of Constitutional Avoidance by : Congressional Research Service
Download or read book The Doctrine of Constitutional Avoidance written by Congressional Research Service and published by CreateSpace. This book was released on 2015-06-26 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Article III of the Constitution established the judicial branch of the United States, staffing the branch with life-tenured and salary-protected judges. Amongst the powers of the federal judiciary is the power of "judicial review"-that is, the power to invalidate the acts of other branches of government and the states that contravene the Constitution. The Framers of the Constitution established this "countermajoritarian" role for the judiciary to help protect the written Constitution and its principles against incursions from the political branches. The power of judicial review is both a potent and controversial power, as American history has been replete with examples of outcry at when unelected federal judges invalidate the acts of a democratically elected branch of government. The potential for backlash to judicial review by the political branches has resulted in what late Professor Alexander Bickel termed a "countermajoritarian difficulty," as the judiciary is needed to protect the basic principles of the Constitution, but is also necessarily dependent on the political branches to enforce the judiciary's mandates. In other words, judicial review, while necessary to protect the mandates of the Constitution, is inherently antidemocratic, risking an erosion of the judiciary's role in the American constitutional form of government.
Book Synopsis Model Code of Judicial Conduct by : American Bar Association
Download or read book Model Code of Judicial Conduct written by American Bar Association and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :American Bar Association. House of Delegates Publisher :American Bar Association ISBN 13 :9781590318737 Total Pages :216 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (187 download)
Book Synopsis Model Rules of Professional Conduct by : American Bar Association. House of Delegates
Download or read book Model Rules of Professional Conduct written by American Bar Association. House of Delegates and published by American Bar Association. This book was released on 2007 with total page 216 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Model Rules of Professional Conduct provides an up-to-date resource for information on legal ethics. Federal, state and local courts in all jurisdictions look to the Rules for guidance in solving lawyer malpractice cases, disciplinary actions, disqualification issues, sanctions questions and much more. In this volume, black-letter Rules of Professional Conduct are followed by numbered Comments that explain each Rule's purpose and provide suggestions for its practical application. The Rules will help you identify proper conduct in a variety of given situations, review those instances where discretionary action is possible, and define the nature of the relationship between you and your clients, colleagues and the courts.
Book Synopsis Judging Statutes by : Robert A. Katzmann
Download or read book Judging Statutes written by Robert A. Katzmann and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2014-08-14 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In an ideal world, the laws of Congress--known as federal statutes--would always be clearly worded and easily understood by the judges tasked with interpreting them. But many laws feature ambiguous or even contradictory wording. How, then, should judges divine their meaning? Should they stick only to the text? To what degree, if any, should they consult aids beyond the statutes themselves? Are the purposes of lawmakers in writing law relevant? Some judges, such as Supreme Court Justice Antonin Scalia, believe courts should look to the language of the statute and virtually nothing else. Chief Judge Robert A. Katzmann of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit respectfully disagrees. In Judging Statutes, Katzmann, who is a trained political scientist as well as a judge, argues that our constitutional system charges Congress with enacting laws; therefore, how Congress makes its purposes known through both the laws themselves and reliable accompanying materials should be respected. He looks at how the American government works, including how laws come to be and how various agencies construe legislation. He then explains the judicial process of interpreting and applying these laws through the demonstration of two interpretative approaches, purposivism (focusing on the purpose of a law) and textualism (focusing solely on the text of the written law). Katzmann draws from his experience to show how this process plays out in the real world, and concludes with some suggestions to promote understanding between the courts and Congress. When courts interpret the laws of Congress, they should be mindful of how Congress actually functions, how lawmakers signal the meaning of statutes, and what those legislators expect of courts construing their laws. The legislative record behind a law is in truth part of its foundation, and therefore merits consideration.
Book Synopsis Playing it Safe by : Lisa Kloppenberg
Download or read book Playing it Safe written by Lisa Kloppenberg and published by NYU Press. This book was released on 2001-08-01 with total page 492 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is one of the unspoken truths of the American judicial system that courts go out of their way to avoid having to decide important and controversial issues. Even the Supreme Court from which the entire nation seeks guidance frequently engages in transparent tactics to avoid difficult, politically sensitive cases. The Court's reliance on avoidance has been inconsistent and at times politically motivated. For example, liberal New Deal Justices, responding to the activism of a conservative Court, promoted deference to Congress and the presidency to protect the Court from political pressure. Likewise, as the Warren Court recognized new constitutional rights, conservative judges and critics praised avoidance as a foundational rule of judicial restraint. And as conservative Justices have constituted the majority on the Court in recent years, many liberals and moderates have urged avoidance, for fear of disagreeable verdicts. By sharing the stories of litigants who struggled unsuccessfully to raise before the Supreme Court constitutional matters of the utmost importance from the 1970s-1990s, Playing it Safe argues that judges who fail to exercise their power in hard cases in effect abdicate their constitutional responsibility when it is needed most, and in so doing betray their commitment to neutrality. Lisa Kloppenberg demonstrates how the Court often avoids socially sensitive cases, such as those involving racial and ethnic discrimination, gender inequalities, abortion restrictions, sexual orientation discrimination, and environmental abuses. In the process, the Court ducks its responsibility to check the more politically responsive branches of government when "majority rule" pushes the boundaries of constitutional law. The Court has not used these malleable doctrines evenhandedly: it has actively shielded states from liability and national oversight, and aggressively expanded standing requirements to limit the role of federal courts.
Book Synopsis Constitutional Avoidance Doctrine: Judicial Minimalism (Part 1 of 3) (LSB10720). by :
Download or read book Constitutional Avoidance Doctrine: Judicial Minimalism (Part 1 of 3) (LSB10720). written by and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Precedents and Case-Based Reasoning in the European Court of Justice by : Marc Jacob
Download or read book Precedents and Case-Based Reasoning in the European Court of Justice written by Marc Jacob and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-03-20 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marc Jacob analyses in depth the most important justificatory and decision-making tool of one of the world's most powerful courts.
Book Synopsis Code of Judicial Conduct for United States Judges by : American Bar Association
Download or read book Code of Judicial Conduct for United States Judges written by American Bar Association and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 424 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Health Care Case by : Nathaniel Persily
Download or read book The Health Care Case written by Nathaniel Persily and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2013-07-04 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Supreme Court's decision in the Health Care Case, NFIB v. Sebelius, gripped the nation's attention during the spring of 2012. This volume gathers together reactions to the decision from an ideologically diverse selection of the nation's leading scholars of constitutional, administrative, and health law.
Book Synopsis Vagueness Avoidance by : Joel S. Johnson
Download or read book Vagueness Avoidance written by Joel S. Johnson and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vagueness avoidance is a powerful tool of judicial construction for constraining the reach of penal statutes. Unlike ordinary constitutional avoidance, which is triggered by ambiguity and seeks to resolve semantic meaning, vagueness avoidance is triggered by vagueness-related indeterminacies that effectively delegate the legislative task of crime definition; such language requires construction to give it legal effect. Because vague statutory language typically has a practically identifiable core, courts may legitimately craft a judicial construction of the text that captures only that core while excising its indeterminate peripheries. Doing so respects the separation of powers, the principle of legality, and the modern methodological commitment to implementing legislative will through statutory construction.Supreme Court case law supports this conception of vagueness avoidance, as the Court has traditionally been explicit about taking that approach with federal penal statutes containing indeterminate language. Yet, in a recent line of cases, the Court has moved toward implicit vagueness avoidance--the practice of justifying narrow constructions of indeterminate penal statutes on the basis of mere interpretation that determines semantic meaning. That practice reflects an unfortunate conflation of vagueness avoidance and ordinary constitutional avoidance.The practical effect is that the Court's recent decisions rejecting exceedingly broad lower-court readings of penal statutes do little to deter lower courts from adopting similarly broad constructions in other contexts. Each decision is essentially ad hoc, providing no broadly applicable principles of construction. That emboldens prosecutors to continue exploiting indeterminate language in the federal criminal code to attach criminal penalties to a wide range of commonplace conduct.The Court should change course by explicating vagueness avoidance as a distinct and robust rule of construction. When applying vagueness avoidance, the Court should clearly identify the core-penumbra framework exhibited by the vague term and excise the indeterminate penumbra from the core. Adherence to that approach would provide a ready tool of construction that can be used to reduce the breadth and imprecision of penal statutes.
Book Synopsis Ethical Principles for Judges by : Canadian Judicial Council
Download or read book Ethical Principles for Judges written by Canadian Judicial Council and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the Canadian Judicial Council marks its 50th anniversary of service to Canadians, it is timely that we have revised and modernized Ethical Principles for Judges. From their first publication in 1998, these principles have laid out the ethical frame of reference to which all judges aspire: judicial independence, integrity and respect, diligence and competence, equality and impartiality.
Book Synopsis Harmonisation of Transactions Avoidance Laws by : Reinhard Bork
Download or read book Harmonisation of Transactions Avoidance Laws written by Reinhard Bork and published by . This book was released on 2022-01-24 with total page 1000 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on the harmonisation of transactions avoidance laws in the EU. Based on national reports from 24 jurisdictions and employing a principle-based approach, it proposes a new Model Law which, in nine sections, provides for legal certainty as to which transactions should (or should not) be challengeable in all Member States under the same conditions.
Book Synopsis Analyzing Avoidance by : Erin F. Delaney
Download or read book Analyzing Avoidance written by Erin F. Delaney and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Courts sometimes avoid deciding contentious issues. One prominent justification for this practice is that, by employing avoidance strategically, a court can postpone reaching decisions that might threaten its institutional viability. Avoidance creates delay, which can allow for productive dialogue with and among the political branches. That dialogue, in turn, may result in the democratic resolution of -- or the evolution of popular societal consensus around -- a contested question, relieving the court of its duty. Many scholars and judges assume that, by creating and deferring to this dialogue, a court can safeguard its institutional legitimacy and security.Accepting this assumption arguendo, this Article seeks to evaluate avoidance as it relates to dialogue. It identifies two key factors in the avoidance decision that might affect dialogue with the political branches: first, the timing of avoidance (i.e., when in the life cycle of a case does a high court choose to avoid); and, second, a court's candor about the decision (i.e., to what degree does a court openly acknowledge its choice to avoid). The Article draws on a series of avoidance strategies from apex courts around the world to tease out the relationships among timing, candor, and dialogue. As the first study to analyze avoidance from a comparative perspective, the Article generates a new framework for assessing avoidance by highlighting the impact of timing on the quality of dialogue, the possible unintended consequences of candor, and the critical trade-offs between avoidance and power.
Book Synopsis Intelligence Community Legal Reference Book by :
Download or read book Intelligence Community Legal Reference Book written by and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
