OECD Employment Outlook 2020 Worker Security and the COVID-19 Crisis

Download OECD Employment Outlook 2020 Worker Security and the COVID-19 Crisis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264353208
Total Pages : 368 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (643 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis OECD Employment Outlook 2020 Worker Security and the COVID-19 Crisis by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Employment Outlook 2020 Worker Security and the COVID-19 Crisis written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2020-07-07 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2020 edition of the OECD Employment Outlook focuses on worker security and the COVID-19 crisis.

Going Viral

Download Going Viral PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464814600
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Going Viral by : Guillermo Beylis

Download or read book Going Viral written by Guillermo Beylis and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2020-12-02 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COVID-19 started as a health emergency, but it is rapidly evolving into an employment crisis. There is still uncertainty on how severe the economic impact of the pandemic will be. As things go, however, the drag on the region’s employment could last longer than the epidemic itself. Beyond the immediate impacts on the level of employment, the crisis is deepening and accelerating the transformation of jobs, bringing the future closer. Going Viral: COVID-19 and the Accelerated Transformation of Jobs in Latin America and the Caribbean focuses on recent trends in the economies of the region that have been significantly changing the labor market: premature deindustrialization, the servicification of the economy, and the changing skill requirements of jobs as automation advances. The findings of this report have important implications for economic policy. Some of these implications are related to the productivity challenges that Latin America and the Caribbean was already facing after the end of the “Golden Decade†? in 2013. Other policy implications see their relevance enhanced by the COVID-19 crisis. As sectors are impacted in different ways, as new technologies are developed and adopted, and as working remotely becomes more common, governments need to respond in ways that support a smooth transformation of jobs—one that is socially acceptable and that contributes to productivity growth, including investing in the human capital of the workforce. The accelerated transformation of jobs also calls for a rethinking of labor regulations and social protection policies. The institutional architecture geared to wage earners in the formal sector is quickly becoming outdated. The report calls for the flexible regulation of the emerging forms of work, in a way that encourages employment and supports formalization, thereby expanding the coverage of social protection. to larger segments

Women Working Longer

Download Women Working Longer PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : University of Chicago Press
ISBN 13 : 022653264X
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (265 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Women Working Longer by : Claudia Goldin

Download or read book Women Working Longer written by Claudia Goldin and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2018-04-19 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today, more American women than ever before stay in the workforce into their sixties and seventies. This trend emerged in the 1980s, and has persisted during the past three decades, despite substantial changes in macroeconomic conditions. Why is this so? Today’s older American women work full-time jobs at greater rates than women in other developed countries. In Women Working Longer, editors Claudia Goldin and Lawrence F. Katz assemble new research that presents fresh insights on the phenomenon of working longer. Their findings suggest that education and work experience earlier in life are connected to women’s later-in-life work. Other contributors to the volume investigate additional factors that may play a role in late-life labor supply, such as marital disruption, household finances, and access to retirement benefits. A pioneering study of recent trends in older women’s labor force participation, this collection offers insights valuable to a wide array of social scientists, employers, and policy makers.

OECD Employment Outlook 2000 June

Download OECD Employment Outlook 2000 June PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264181865
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (641 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis OECD Employment Outlook 2000 June by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Employment Outlook 2000 June written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2000-06-20 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an annual assessment of labour market developments and prospects in the OECD area. This edition includes chapters on regional disparities in labour markets, employment in the service economy, unemployment benefits, and self-employment. A Statistical Annex is provided.

OECD Employment Outlook 2021 Navigating the COVID-19 Crisis and Recovery

Download OECD Employment Outlook 2021 Navigating the COVID-19 Crisis and Recovery PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264340335
Total Pages : 401 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (643 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis OECD Employment Outlook 2021 Navigating the COVID-19 Crisis and Recovery by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Employment Outlook 2021 Navigating the COVID-19 Crisis and Recovery written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-07-07 with total page 401 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The 2021 edition of the OECD Employment Outlook focusses on the labour market implications of the COVID‐19 crisis. Chapters 1-3 concentrate on the main labour market and social challenges brought about by the crisis and the policies to address them.

Employment in Crisis

Download Employment in Crisis PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464816913
Total Pages : 327 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Employment in Crisis by : Joana Silva

Download or read book Employment in Crisis written by Joana Silva and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2021-10-08 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A region known for its volatility, Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) has suffered severe economic and social setbacks from crises—including the COVID-19 pandemic. These crises have taken their toll on careers, wage growth, and productivity. Employment in Crisis: The Path to Better Jobs in a Post-COVID-19 Latin America provides new evidence on the effects of crises on the region’s workers and firms and suggests several policy responses that can bolster long-term and inclusive economic growth. This report has three key findings. First, crises lead to persistent employment losses and accelerate structural changes away from the formal sector. This change occurs more through reductions in the creation of formal jobs than through job destruction. Second, some workers recover from crises, while others are permanently scarred by them. Low-skilled workers can suffer up to a decade of lower earnings caused by crises, while high-skilled workers rebound fast, exacerbating the LAC region’s high level of inequality. Formal workers suffer smaller employment and wage losses in localities with higher rates of informality. And the reduced job flows caused by crises decrease welfare, but workers in localities with more job opportunities, whether formal or informal, bounce back better. Third, crises’ cleansing effects can increase efficiency and productivity, but these effects are dampened by the LAC region’s less competitive market structure. Rather than becoming more agile and productive during economic downturns, protected sectors and firms gain market share and crowd out others, trapping valuable resources. This report proposes a three-pronged mix of policies to improve the LAC region’s responses to crises: •Create a more stable macroeconomic environment to smooth the impacts of crises, including automatic stabilizers such as unemployment insurance and short-term compensation programs; •Increase the capacity of social protection and labor programs to respond to crises and coalesce these programs into systems that complement income support with reemployment assistance and reskilling opportunities; and •Tackle structural issues, including the lack of product market competition and the spatial dimension behind poor labor market adjustment—a “good jobs and good firms†? agenda.

The Effectiveness of Job-Retention Schemes: COVID-19 Evidence From the German States

Download The Effectiveness of Job-Retention Schemes: COVID-19 Evidence From the German States PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1513596179
Total Pages : 37 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (135 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Effectiveness of Job-Retention Schemes: COVID-19 Evidence From the German States by : Mr. Shekhar Aiyar

Download or read book The Effectiveness of Job-Retention Schemes: COVID-19 Evidence From the German States written by Mr. Shekhar Aiyar and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2021-10 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kurzarbeit (KA), Germany’s short-time work program, is widely credited with saving jobs and supporting domestic demand during the COVID-19 recession. We quantify the impact by exploiting state-level variation in exposure to the pandemic shock and KA take-up. We construct a shift-share measure of the labor demand shock and instrument KA take-up using the pre-existing, state-specific share of workers eligible for KA. We find, first, that KA was crucial in mitigating unemployment: absent its expansion the unemployment rate would have increased by an additional 3 pp on average at the trough of the recession. Second, KA also bolstered domestic demand: the contraction in consumption could have been 2 to 3 times larger absent the program. Finally, we provide preliminary evidence on the sensitivity of the medium-run reallocation of resources to the prevalence of jobretention schemes during the Global Financial Crisis.

COVID's Impact on Health and Healthcare Workers

Download COVID's Impact on Health and Healthcare Workers PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0197575412
Total Pages : 173 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (975 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis COVID's Impact on Health and Healthcare Workers by : Don Goldenberg

Download or read book COVID's Impact on Health and Healthcare Workers written by Don Goldenberg and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 173 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: COVID's Impact on Health and Healthcare Workers highlights the most critical issues in COVID-19's impact on healthcare providers and on hospitals. This includes factors associated with disease severity, hospitalizations and death and the effect on other medical conditions. The book explores changes brought about during the pandemic to primary and specialty care, including the rapid employment of telemedicine and the many innovations in care delivery. Special attention is given to the role of myths and misinformation and its resultant adverse blow to the nation's recovery. COVID's long-range effects, both on previously infected patients and also on the general population, are reviewed. A number of recommendations to best move forward, including with vaccine allocation and preventing further devastation, are outlined.

Land That Job - Moving Forward After Covid-19

Download Land That Job - Moving Forward After Covid-19 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Next Chapter
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 233 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (661 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Land That Job - Moving Forward After Covid-19 by : Sharon Davey

Download or read book Land That Job - Moving Forward After Covid-19 written by Sharon Davey and published by Next Chapter. This book was released on 2022-01-07 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Land That Job: Moving Forward After Covid-19 takes a comprehensive and practical look at the job search process, including all elements of the written application through to the job interview itself. There are two main aspects of the job application process: the written part and the interview part. They demand two different skills sets, and the good news is that anyone can learn how to master them both. This book also gives you plenty of helpful tips and strategies to find jobs from a range of sources, and how to make the most of them. The book covers a broad range of topics, such as responding to commonly asked interview questions, online interviews, how to deal effectively with recruitment agencies, how to develop your contacts list, and how the attitude that you bring to the job application process is critical to your success. Land That Job: Moving Forward After Covid-19 is a practical, helpful guide that provides sensible advice to job seekers of all ages.

The Future of the Office

Download The Future of the Office PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Wharton School Press
ISBN 13 : 1613631367
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (136 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Future of the Office by : Peter Cappelli

Download or read book The Future of the Office written by Peter Cappelli and published by Wharton School Press. This book was released on 2021-08-10 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A GLOBE & MAIL BEST BUSINESS BOOK OF 2021 The COVID-19 pandemic forced an unprecedented experiment that reshaped white-collar work and turned remote work into a kind of "new normal." Now comes the hard part. Many employees want to continue that normal and keep working remotely, and most at least want the ability to work occasionally from home. But for employers, the benefits of employees working from home or hybrid approaches are not so obvious. What should both groups do? In a prescient new book, The Future of the Office: Work from Home, Remote Work, and the Hard Choices We All Face, Wharton professor Peter Cappelli lays out the facts in an effort to provide both employees and employers with a vision of their futures. Cappelli unveils the surprising tradeoffs both may have to accept to get what they want. Cappelli illustrates the challenges we face by in drawing lessons from the pandemic and deciding what to do moving forward. Do we allow some workers to be permanently remote? Do we let others choose when to work from home? Do we get rid of their offices? What else has to change, depending on the approach we choose? His research reveals there is no consensus among business leaders. Even the most high-profile and forward-thinking companies are taking divergent approaches: --Facebook, Twitter, and other tech companies say many employees can work remotely on a permanent basis. --Goldman Sachs, JP Morgan, and others say it is important for everyone to come back to the office. --Ford is redoing its office space so that most employees can work from home at least part of the time, and --GM is planning to let local managers work out arrangements on an ad-hoc basis. As Cappelli examines, earlier research on other types of remote work, including telecommuting offers some guidance as to what to expect when some people will be in the office and others work at home, and also what happened when employers tried to take back offices. Neither worked as expected. In a call to action for both employers and employees, Cappelli explores how we should think about the choices going forward as well as who wins and who loses. As he implores, we have to choose soon.

Work Won't Love You Back

Download Work Won't Love You Back PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Bold Type Books
ISBN 13 : 1568589387
Total Pages : 432 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (685 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Work Won't Love You Back by : Sarah Jaffe

Download or read book Work Won't Love You Back written by Sarah Jaffe and published by Bold Type Books. This book was released on 2021-01-26 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A deeply-reported examination of why "doing what you love" is a recipe for exploitation, creating a new tyranny of work in which we cheerily acquiesce to doing jobs that take over our lives. You're told that if you "do what you love, you'll never work a day in your life." Whether it's working for "exposure" and "experience," or enduring poor treatment in the name of "being part of the family," all employees are pushed to make sacrifices for the privilege of being able to do what we love. In Work Won't Love You Back, Sarah Jaffe, a preeminent voice on labor, inequality, and social movements, examines this "labor of love" myth—the idea that certain work is not really work, and therefore should be done out of passion instead of pay. Told through the lives and experiences of workers in various industries—from the unpaid intern, to the overworked teacher, to the nonprofit worker and even the professional athlete—Jaffe reveals how all of us have been tricked into buying into a new tyranny of work. As Jaffe argues, understanding the trap of the labor of love will empower us to work less and demand what our work is worth. And once freed from those binds, we can finally figure out what actually gives us joy, pleasure, and satisfaction.

Corona and Work around the Globe

Download Corona and Work around the Globe PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG
ISBN 13 : 3110718243
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (17 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Corona and Work around the Globe by : Andreas Eckert

Download or read book Corona and Work around the Globe written by Andreas Eckert and published by Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. This book was released on 2020-12-16 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a global perspective on the transformations in the world of work caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The collection of essays will break down the general statistics and trends into glimpses of concrete experiences of workers during pandemic, of workplaces transformed or destroyed, of workers protesting against political measures, of professions particularly exposed to the coronavirus, and also of the changing nature of some professions.

Mismatch Unemployment

Download Mismatch Unemployment PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781457838200
Total Pages : 79 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (382 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Mismatch Unemployment by : Aysegul Sahin

Download or read book Mismatch Unemployment written by Aysegul Sahin and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We develop a framework where mismatch between vacancies and job seekers across sectors translates into higher unemployment by lowering the aggregate job-finding rate. We use this framework to measure the contribution of mismatch to the recent rise in U.S. unemployment by exploiting two sources of cross-sectional data on vacancies, JOLTS and HWOL, a new database covering the universe of online U.S. job advertisements. Mismatch across industries and occupations explains at most 1/3 of the total observed increase in the unemployment rate, whereas geographical mismatch plays no apparent role. The share of the rise in unemployment explained by occupational mismatch is increasing in the education level.

Meeting Regional Stemm Workforce Needs in the Wake of Covid-19

Download Meeting Regional Stemm Workforce Needs in the Wake of Covid-19 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780309256285
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (562 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Meeting Regional Stemm Workforce Needs in the Wake of Covid-19 by : National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine

Download or read book Meeting Regional Stemm Workforce Needs in the Wake of Covid-19 written by National Academies of Sciences Engineering and Medicine and published by . This book was released on 2021-07-23 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COVID-19 pandemic is transforming the global economy and significantly shifting workforce demand, requiring quick, adaptive responses. The pandemic has revealed the vulnerabilities of many organizations and regional economies, and it has accelerated trends that could lead to significant improvements in productivity, performance, and resilience, which will enable organizations and regions to thrive in the next normal. To explore how communities around the United States are addressing workforce issues laid bare by the COVID-19 pandemic and how they are taking advantage of local opportunities to expand their science, technology, engineering, mathematics, and medicine (STEMM) workforces to position them for success going forward, the Board of Higher Education and Workforce of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a series of workshops to identify immediate and near-term regional STEMM workforce needs in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. The workshop planning committee identified five U.S. cities and their associated metropolitan areas - Birmingham, Alabama; Boston, Massachusetts; Richmond, Virginia; Riverside, California; and Wichita, Kansas - to host workshops highlighting promising practices that communities can use to respond urgently and appropriately to their STEMM workforce needs. A sixth workshop discussed how the lessons learned during the five region-focused workshops could be applied in other communities to meet STEMM workforce needs. This proceedings of a virtual workshop series summarizes the presentations and discussions from the six public workshops that made up the virtual workshop series and highlights the key points raised during the presentations, moderated panel discussions and deliberations, and open discussions among the workshop participants.

Jobs and Covid-19

Download Jobs and Covid-19 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 234 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (489 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Jobs and Covid-19 by : Narinder Mehta

Download or read book Jobs and Covid-19 written by Narinder Mehta and published by . This book was released on 2021-08-05 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book reviews the impact of Covid-19 on jobs and shows how to navigate the highly changed environment to build a successful career. While millions of jobs have been lost due to Covid-19, millions of new jobs have emerged in digital commerce, automation, telemedicine, and other sectors of the economy. The pandemic has completely changed the process of finding a job. It has become virtual from start to finish. Candidates have to make online connections with potential employers and know how to succeed in virtual interviews. The guidelines in this book will help you build a career well matched with your skills. Each person is unique with a different set of skills, traits, and job interests. What is a great job for one person will not suit someone else. The first step to achieve a successful and happy career is to identify the top skills you enjoy using and then target your efforts at jobs that match your skills. Many people go through life unhappy at work because they end up in jobs that do not fit their skills or job interests. The book will help you to identify the skills you enjoy using and give you guidance to get a job well matched with your skills. This valuable resource for job search and career development covers the essential steps: matching your skills to jobs; preparing online profiles and resumes; connecting with potential employers; interviewing for jobs; and negotiating salary and benefits. The book includes guidance for using the Internet and provides links to some of the best available websites for career information. The book also includes a chapter on how to develop a happy career and provides useful tips to achieve career success. The Appendix included in the book provides a framework for overcoming the roadblocks on the way to achieving successful results. The book is based on the author's personal experiences. He was a successful business manager for American Express and other large companies. He was also an executive recruiter who attracted management talent for many employers. He has extensively researched the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on jobs and shares a framework that will help people to prosper in the workplace.

The End of Jobs

Download The End of Jobs PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Post Hill Press
ISBN 13 : 1642934364
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (429 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The End of Jobs by : Jeff Wald

Download or read book The End of Jobs written by Jeff Wald and published by Post Hill Press. This book was released on 2020-06-02 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world has witnessed three step functions in technological change: mechanization, electrification, and computerization. These industrial revolutions led to massive increases in productivity and thus the need for fewer workers. With each of these technological breakthroughs, the power balance between companies and workers shifted heavily to companies. The abuses of that power by companies instigated employee unrest and sometimes even armed uprisings. Counterbalancing forces rose to constrain companies’ power, eventually prompting unions, regulation, and the social safety net to bring stability to the relationship. As we enter the fourth great leap forward in technology with robots and AI, we face the first services revolution. The power balance will again shift massively to companies as new technologies drive productivity increases in the service industry, much as the last three industrial revolutions transformed manufacturing. What lessons can we learn from the past three industrial revolutions and the current state of the labor market? How will we renegotiate the social contract to ensure fairness for workers, set clear rules for companies, and provide stability for society? What is the future of work? The book also includes The Future of Work Prize competition, where the following twenty thought leaders in the world of work wrote essays on their vision of the world in 2040. The contributor that is most correct in 2040 will be awarded the $10 million Future of Work Prize. Contributors include: Andrew Stern - President Emeritus, Service Employees International Union Barry Asin - President, Staffing Industry Analysts Bruce Morton - Head of Strategy, Allegis Global Solutions Carl Camden - Former CEO, Kelly Services Cindy Olson - Former CHRO, Enron Daniel Pianko - Managing Partner, Achieve Partners David Fano - CEO, Teal Deborah Borg - CHRO, Bunge Gene Holtzman - Founder, Talent Tech Labs Gene Zaino - Founder, MBO Partners Holly Paul - CHRO, FTI Consulting Ian Ziskin - Former CHRO, Northrop Grumman Jane Oates - President, WorkingNation Johnny C. Taylor, Jr. - President, Society for Human Resource Management Kim Seymour - CHRO, WW (formerly Weight Watchers) Marcus Sawyerr - CEO, Yoss Michael Bertolino - Senior Partner, E&Y Michael Johnson - Former CHRO, UPS Michelle Greenstreet - Former CHRO, Various William Weissman - Partner, Littler Mendelson

Work, Precarity and COVID-19

Download Work, Precarity and COVID-19 PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3658420200
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (584 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Work, Precarity and COVID-19 by : Christine Pichler

Download or read book Work, Precarity and COVID-19 written by Christine Pichler and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-07-27 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthology presents the social consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in the field of work and gainful employment from a multidisciplinary perspective of social and economic sciences. Specifically, it deals with the analysis of changes in work processes and relations in the course of the COVID-19 pandemic. Different facets of the discussion are taken up, and the topic of "work, precarity and COVID-19" is discussed along a wide range of diversity categories (age, gender, disability, social origin, ethnicity, religion, etc.) and their intersections (intersectionality). At the same time, the focus is on discussing alternative models and ways of dealing with the current crisis that (re)establish social justice and inclusion through work. The translation was done with the help of artificial intelligence. A subsequent human revision was done primarily in terms of content.