Jeffersons Chef James Hemings From Slavery To Freedom

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Jefferson's Chef - James Hemings From Slavery to Freedom

Author : Sharon O Lightholder
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780578233024
Total Pages : 494 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (33 download)

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Book Synopsis Jefferson's Chef - James Hemings From Slavery to Freedom by : Sharon O Lightholder

Download or read book Jefferson's Chef - James Hemings From Slavery to Freedom written by Sharon O Lightholder and published by . This book was released on 2020-06-06 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Thomas Jefferson travels to Paris in 1784 to negotiate trade treaties for America, he takes the enslaved James Hemings with him as his manservant. Living in Paris, where the French had abolished slavery, Hemings discovers an independence, a skill, and a romance beyond his imagination. Torn between family and freedom as the French Revolution erupts, Hemings makes a choice that changes Jefferson and America. Sharon O. Lightholder's imagined biography, Jefferson's Chef: James Hemings--From Slavery to Freedom, is based on extensive legal, culinary, and historical research into Hemings's life and times, including primary materials from the Library of Congress, the National Archives, and the Thomas Jefferson Foundation at Monticello. Combining the political and the personal, Jefferson's Chef: James Hemings--From Slavery to Freedom creates a unique and intimate portrait of two exceptional men and discloses why Hemings was the only one of Jefferson's hundreds of slaves who was unconditionally freed during Jefferson's lifetime. Lightholder uses fiction to expose the astounding story of James Hemings and how his fierce desire for freedom changed his world and ours.

Thomas Jefferson's Creme Brulee

Author : Thomas J. Craughwell
Publisher : Quirk Books
ISBN 13 : 159474579X
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (947 download)

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Book Synopsis Thomas Jefferson's Creme Brulee by : Thomas J. Craughwell

Download or read book Thomas Jefferson's Creme Brulee written by Thomas J. Craughwell and published by Quirk Books. This book was released on 2012-09-18 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This culinary biography recounts the 1784 deal that Thomas Jefferson struck with his slaves, James Hemings. The founding father was traveling to Paris and wanted to bring James along “for a particular purpose”— to master the art of French cooking. In exchange for James’s cooperation, Jefferson would grant his freedom. Thus began one of the strangest partnerships in United States history. As Hemings apprenticed under master French chefs, Jefferson studied the cultivation of French crops (especially grapes for winemaking) so the might be replicated in American agriculture. The two men returned home with such marvels as pasta, French fries, Champagne, macaroni and cheese, crème brûlée, and a host of other treats. This narrative history tells the story of their remarkable adventure—and even includes a few of their favorite recipes!

The Hemingses of Monticello

Author : Annette Gordon-Reed
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393337766
Total Pages : 800 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (933 download)

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Book Synopsis The Hemingses of Monticello by : Annette Gordon-Reed

Download or read book The Hemingses of Monticello written by Annette Gordon-Reed and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2009-08-25 with total page 800 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Historian and legal scholar Gordon-Reed presents this epic work that tells the story of the Hemingses, an American slave family and their close blood ties to Thomas Jefferson.

Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings

Author : Annette Gordon-Reed
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
ISBN 13 : 0813933560
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings by : Annette Gordon-Reed

Download or read book Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings written by Annette Gordon-Reed and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 1998-03-29 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When Annette Gordon-Reed's groundbreaking study was first published, rumors of Thomas Jefferson's sexual involvement with his slave Sally Hemings had circulated for two centuries. Among all aspects of Jefferson's renowned life, it was perhaps the most hotly contested topic. The publication of Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings intensified this debate by identifying glaring inconsistencies in many noted scholars' evaluations of the existing evidence. In this study, Gordon-Reed assembles a fascinating and convincing argument: not that the alleged thirty-eight-year liaison necessarily took place but rather that the evidence for its taking place has been denied a fair hearing. Friends of Jefferson sought to debunk the Hemings story as early as 1800, and most subsequent historians and biographers followed suit, finding the affair unthinkable based upon their view of Jefferson's life, character, and beliefs. Gordon-Reed responds to these critics by pointing out numerous errors and prejudices in their writings, ranging from inaccurate citations, to impossible time lines, to virtual exclusions of evidence—especially evidence concerning the Hemings family. She demonstrates how these scholars may have been misguided by their own biases and may even have tailored evidence to serve and preserve their opinions of Jefferson. This updated edition of the book also includes an afterword in which the author comments on the DNA study that provided further evidence of a Jefferson and Hemings liaison.00 Possessing both a layperson's unfettered curiosity and a lawyer's logical mind, Annette Gordon-Reed writes with a style and compassion that are irresistible. Each chapter revolves around a key figure in the Hemings drama, and the resulting portraits are engrossing and very personal. Gordon-Reed also brings a keen intuitive sense of the psychological complexities of human relationships—relationships that, in the real world, often develop regardless of status or race. The most compelling element of all, however, is her extensive and careful research, which often allows the evidence to speak for itself. Thomas Jefferson and Sally Hemings: An American Controversy is the definitive look at a centuries-old question that should fascinate general readers and historians alike.

The Invisibles

Author : Jesse Holland
Publisher : Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN 13 : 1493024191
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis The Invisibles by : Jesse Holland

Download or read book The Invisibles written by Jesse Holland and published by Rowman & Littlefield. This book was released on 2016-01-01 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Invisibles chronicles the African American presence inside the White House from its beginnings in 1782 until 1862, when President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation that granted slaves their freedom. During these years, slaves were the only African Americans to whom the most powerful men in the United States were exposed on a daily, and familiar, basis. By reading about these often-intimate relationships, readers will better understand some of the views that various presidents held about class and race in American society, and how these slaves contributed not only to the life and comforts of the presidents they served, but to America as a whole.

Bound to the Fire

Author : Kelley Fanto Deetz
Publisher : University Press of Kentucky
ISBN 13 : 0813174740
Total Pages : 193 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Bound to the Fire by : Kelley Fanto Deetz

Download or read book Bound to the Fire written by Kelley Fanto Deetz and published by University Press of Kentucky. This book was released on 2017-11-17 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For decades, smiling images of "Aunt Jemima" and other historical and fictional black cooks could be found on various food products and in advertising. Although these images were sanitized and romanticized in American popular culture, they represented the untold stories of enslaved men and women who had a significant impact on the nation's culinary and hospitality traditions, even as they were forced to prepare food for their oppressors. Kelley Fanto Deetz draws upon archaeological evidence, cookbooks, plantation records, and folklore to present a nuanced study of the lives of enslaved plantation cooks from colonial times through emancipation and beyond. She reveals how these men and women were literally "bound to the fire" as they lived and worked in the sweltering and often fetid conditions of plantation house kitchens. These highly skilled cooks drew upon knowledge and ingredients brought with them from their African homelands to create complex, labor-intensive dishes. However, their white owners overwhelmingly received the credit for their creations. Deetz restores these forgotten figures to their rightful place in American and Southern history by uncovering their rich and intricate stories and celebrating their living legacy with the recipes that they created and passed down to future generations.

The President's Kitchen Cabinet

Author : Adrian Miller
Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469632543
Total Pages : 292 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis The President's Kitchen Cabinet by : Adrian Miller

Download or read book The President's Kitchen Cabinet written by Adrian Miller and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2017-02-09 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An NAACP Image Award Finalist for Outstanding Literary Work—Non Fiction James Beard award–winning author Adrian Miller vividly tells the stories of the African Americans who worked in the presidential food service as chefs, personal cooks, butlers, stewards, and servers for every First Family since George and Martha Washington. Miller brings together the names and words of more than 150 black men and women who played remarkable roles in unforgettable events in the nation's history. Daisy McAfee Bonner, for example, FDR's cook at his Warm Springs retreat, described the president's final day on earth in 1945, when he was struck down just as his lunchtime cheese souffle emerged from the oven. Sorrowfully, but with a cook's pride, she recalled, "He never ate that souffle, but it never fell until the minute he died." A treasury of information about cooking techniques and equipment, the book includes twenty recipes for which black chefs were celebrated. From Samuel Fraunces's "onions done in the Brazilian way" for George Washington to Zephyr Wright's popovers, beloved by LBJ's family, Miller highlights African Americans' contributions to our shared American foodways. Surveying the labor of enslaved people during the antebellum period and the gradual opening of employment after Emancipation, Miller highlights how food-related work slowly became professionalized and the important part African Americans played in that process. His chronicle of the daily table in the White House proclaims a fascinating new American story.

My Name Is James Madison Hemings

Author : Jonah Winter
Publisher : Schwartz & Wade
ISBN 13 : 0385383428
Total Pages : 41 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (853 download)

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Book Synopsis My Name Is James Madison Hemings by : Jonah Winter

Download or read book My Name Is James Madison Hemings written by Jonah Winter and published by Schwartz & Wade. This book was released on 2016-10-25 with total page 41 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A New York Times Notable Book A powerful historical picture book about the child of founding father Thomas Jefferson and the enslaved Sally Hemings. In an evocative first-person account accompanied by exquisite artwork, Winter and Widener tell the story of James Madison Hemings’s childhood at Monticello, and, in doing so, illuminate the many contradictions in Jefferson’s life and legacy. Though Jefferson lived in a mansion, Hemings and his siblings lived in a single room. While Jefferson doted on his white grandchildren, he never showed affection to his enslaved children. Though he kept the Hemings boys from hard field labor—instead sending them to work in the carpentry shop—Jefferson nevertheless listed the children in his “Farm Book” along with the sheep, hogs, and other property. Here is a profound and moving account of one family’s history, which is also America’s history. An author's note includes more information about Hemings, Jefferson, and the author's research. "This gentle, emotional book is a reminder that many presidents’ biographies have distressing aspects. . . . A simple but historically solid introduction to some of the moral crises slavery presented for our nation." --The New York Times "Through a poignant first-person monologue, Winter imagines the peculiar upbring- ing of Virginia slave James Madison Hemings, son of Thomas Jefferson and his enslaved mistress, Sally Hemings.”—Bulletin, starred review

The General's Cook

Author : Ramin Ganeshram
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1628729813
Total Pages : 362 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (287 download)

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Book Synopsis The General's Cook by : Ramin Ganeshram

Download or read book The General's Cook written by Ramin Ganeshram and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2018-11-06 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ** Library Journal's Editor's Pick! ** Philadelphia 1793. Hercules, President George Washington’s chef, is a fixture on the Philadelphia scene. He is famous for both his culinary prowess and for ruling his kitchen like a commanding general. He has his run of the city and earns twice the salary of an average American workingman. He wears beautiful clothes and attends the theater. But while valued by the Washingtons for his prowess in the kitchen and rewarded far over and above even white servants, Hercules is enslaved in a city where most black Americans are free. Even while he masterfully manages his kitchen and the lives of those in and around it, Hercules harbors secrets-- including the fact that he is learning to read and that he is involved in a dangerous affair with Thelma, a mixed-race woman, who, passing as white, works as a companion to the daughter of one of Philadelphia's most prestigious families. Eventually Hercules’ carefully crafted intrigues fall apart and he finds himself trapped by his circumstance and the will of George Washington. Based on actual historical events and people, The General's Cook, will thrill fans of The Hamilton Affair, as they follow Hercules' precarious and terrifying bid for freedom.

The Cooking Gene

Author : Michael W. Twitty
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 0062876570
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (628 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cooking Gene by : Michael W. Twitty

Download or read book The Cooking Gene written by Michael W. Twitty and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2018-07-31 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2018 James Beard Foundation Book of the Year | 2018 James Beard Foundation Book Award Winner inWriting | Nominee for the 2018 Hurston/Wright Legacy Award in Nonfiction | #75 on The Root100 2018 A renowned culinary historian offers a fresh perspective on our most divisive cultural issue, race, in this illuminating memoir of Southern cuisine and food culture that traces his ancestry—both black and white—through food, from Africa to America and slavery to freedom. Southern food is integral to the American culinary tradition, yet the question of who "owns" it is one of the most provocative touch points in our ongoing struggles over race. In this unique memoir, culinary historian Michael W. Twitty takes readers to the white-hot center of this fight, tracing the roots of his own family and the charged politics surrounding the origins of soul food, barbecue, and all Southern cuisine. From the tobacco and rice farms of colonial times to plantation kitchens and backbreaking cotton fields, Twitty tells his family story through the foods that enabled his ancestors’ survival across three centuries. He sifts through stories, recipes, genetic tests, and historical documents, and travels from Civil War battlefields in Virginia to synagogues in Alabama to Black-owned organic farms in Georgia. As he takes us through his ancestral culinary history, Twitty suggests that healing may come from embracing the discomfort of the Southern past. Along the way, he reveals a truth that is more than skin deep—the power that food has to bring the kin of the enslaved and their former slaveholders to the table, where they can discover the real America together. Illustrations by Stephen Crotts

"Those who Labor for My Happiness"

Author : Lucia C. Stanton
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
ISBN 13 : 0813932238
Total Pages : 440 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis "Those who Labor for My Happiness" by : Lucia C. Stanton

Download or read book "Those who Labor for My Happiness" written by Lucia C. Stanton and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Our perception of life at Monticello has changed dramatically over the past quarter century. The image of an estate presided over by a benevolent Thomas Jefferson has given way to a more complex view of Monticello as a working plantation, the success of which was made possible by the work of slaves. At the center of this transition has been the work of Lucia "Cinder" Stanton, recognized as the leading interpreter of Jefferson's life as a planter and master and of the lives of his slaves and their descendants. This volume represents the first attempt to pull together Stanton's most important writings on slavery at Monticello and beyond. Stanton's pioneering work deepened our understanding of Jefferson without demonizing him. But perhaps even more important is the light her writings have shed on the lives of the slaves at Monticello. Her detailed reconstruction for modern readers of slaves' lives vividly reveals their active roles in the creation of Monticello and a dynamic community previously unimagined. The essays collected here address a rich variety of topics, from family histories (including the Hemingses) to the temporary slave community at Jefferson's White House to stories of former slaves' lives after Monticello. Each piece is characterized by Stanton's deep knowledge of her subject and by her determination to do justice to both Jefferson and his slaves. Published in association with the Thomas Jefferson Foundation.

A Wilderness So Immense

Author : Jon Kukla
Publisher : Anchor
ISBN 13 : 0307493237
Total Pages : 444 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (74 download)

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Book Synopsis A Wilderness So Immense by : Jon Kukla

Download or read book A Wilderness So Immense written by Jon Kukla and published by Anchor. This book was released on 2009-09-23 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In A Wilderness so Immense, historian Jon Kukla recounts the fascinating tale of the personal maneuverings, political posturing, and international intrigue that culminated in the greatest land deal in history. Spanning nearly two decades, Kukla’s book brings to life a pageant of characters from Thomas Jefferson, James Monroe, and John Jay, to Napoleon and Carlos III of Spain and other colorful figures. Employing letters, memoirs, contemporary documents, and a host of other sources, Kukla creates a complete and compelling account of the Louisiana Purchase. From the hinterlands in Kentucky to the courts of Spain, France, and England to the halls of Congress, he re-creates the forces and personalities that turned a struggle for navigation rights on the Mississippi into an event that doubled the size of the country and altered the destiny of the United States forever.

Thomas Jefferson's Cook Book

Author : Marie Kimball
Publisher : James Direct, Inc.
ISBN 13 : 1623970075
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (239 download)

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Book Synopsis Thomas Jefferson's Cook Book by : Marie Kimball

Download or read book Thomas Jefferson's Cook Book written by Marie Kimball and published by James Direct, Inc.. This book was released on 2007-11-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Culinary secrets revealed by the Father of Fine Dining in America! Here's a remarkable collection of delightful handwritten recipes - you'll love Jefferson's personal comments in this 120-page book! Little known facts revealed in Thomas Jefferson's personal cookbook. This was the cookbook that Jefferson carefully wrote in his own hand and brought back to the US after his four years in Paris. His little granddaughter, Virginia Randolph, carefully copied these recipes as well as additional ones from various cooks at Monticello and the White House!

Recipes for Respect

Author : Rafia Zafar
Publisher : University of Georgia Press
ISBN 13 : 0820353655
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (23 download)

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Book Synopsis Recipes for Respect by : Rafia Zafar

Download or read book Recipes for Respect written by Rafia Zafar and published by University of Georgia Press. This book was released on 2019-03-15 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Food studies, once trendy, has settled into the public arena. In the academy, scholarship on food and literary culture constitutes a growing river within literary and cultural studies, but writing on African American food and dining remains a tributary. Recipes for Respect bridges this gap, illuminating the role of foodways in African American culture as well as the contributions of Black cooks and chefs to what has been considered the mainstream. Beginning in the early nineteenth century and continuing nearly to the present day, African Americans have often been stereotyped as illiterate kitchen geniuses. Rafia Zafar addresses this error, highlighting the long history of accomplished African Americans within our culinary traditions, as well as the literary and entrepreneurial strategies for civil rights and respectability woven into the written records of dining, cooking, and serving. Whether revealed in cookbooks or fiction, memoirs or hotel-keeping manuals, agricultural extension bulletins or library collections, foodways knowledge sustained Black strategies for self-reliance and dignity, the preservation of historical memory, and civil rights and social mobility. If, to follow Mary Douglas’s dictum, food is a field of action—that is, a venue for social intimacy, exchange, or aggression—African American writing about foodways constitutes an underappreciated critique of the racialized social and intellectual spaces of the United States.

The Routledge Companion to Black Women’s Cultural Histories

Author : Janell Hobson
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 042951672X
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (295 download)

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Book Synopsis The Routledge Companion to Black Women’s Cultural Histories by : Janell Hobson

Download or read book The Routledge Companion to Black Women’s Cultural Histories written by Janell Hobson and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-16 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the social and cultural histories of women and feminism, Black women have long been overlooked or ignored. The Routledge Companion to Black Women’s Cultural Histories is an impressive and comprehensive reference work for contemporary scholarship on the cultural histories of Black women across the diaspora spanning different eras from ancient times into the twenty-first century. Comprising over 30 chapters by a team of international contributors, the Companion is divided into five parts: A fragmented past, an inclusive future Contested histories, subversive memories Gendered lives, racial frameworks Cultural shifts, social change Black identities, feminist formations Within these sections, a diverse range of women, places, and issues are explored, including ancient African queens, Black women in early modern European art and culture, enslaved Muslim women in the antebellum United States, Sally Hemings, Phillis Wheatley, Black women writers in early twentieth-century Paris, Black women, civil rights, South African apartheid, and sexual violence and resistance in the United States in recent history. The Routledge Companion to Black Women’s Cultural Histories is essential reading for students and researchers in Gender Studies, History, Africana Studies, and Cultural Studies.

The Tastemaker

Author : Edward White
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
ISBN 13 : 0374708819
Total Pages : 400 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (747 download)

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Book Synopsis The Tastemaker by : Edward White

Download or read book The Tastemaker written by Edward White and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2014-02-18 with total page 400 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A revealing biography of the influential and controversial cultural titan who embodied an era The Tastemaker explores the many lives of Carl Van Vechten, the most influential cultural impresario of the early twentieth century: a patron and dealmaker of the Harlem Renaissance, a photographer who captured the era's icons, and a novelist who created some of the Jazz Age's most salacious stories. A close confidant of Langston Hughes, Gertrude Stein, George Gershwin, F. Scott Fitzgerald, and the Knopfs, Van Vechten frolicked in the 1920s Manhattan demimonde, finding himself in Harlem's jazz clubs, Hell's Kitchen's speakeasies, and Greenwich Village's underground gay scene. New York City was a hotbed of vice as well as creativity, and Van Vechten was at the center of it all.Edward White's biography—the first comprehensive biography of Carl Van Vechten in nearly half a century, and the first to fully explore Van Vechten's tangled relationship to race and sexuality—depicts a controversial figure who defined an age. Embodying many of the contradictions of modern America, Van Vechten was a devoted husband with a coterie of boys by his side, a supporter of difficult art who also loved lowbrow entertainment, and a promoter of the Harlem Renaissance whose bestselling novel—and especially its title—infuriated many of the same African-American artists he championed. Van Vechten's defense of what many Americans considered bad taste—modernist literature, African-American culture, and sexual self-expression—created a popular appetite for these quintessential elements of American art. The Tastemaker encompasses its subject's private fears and longings, as well as Manhattan's raucous, taboo-busting social scene of which he was such a central part. It is a remarkable portrait of a man whose brave journeys across boundaries of race, sexuality, and taste helped make America fully modern.

Master of the Mountain

Author : Henry Wiencek
Publisher : Farrar, Straus and Giroux
ISBN 13 : 1466827785
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (668 download)

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Book Synopsis Master of the Mountain by : Henry Wiencek

Download or read book Master of the Mountain written by Henry Wiencek and published by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. This book was released on 2012-10-16 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Is there anything new to say about Thomas Jefferson and slavery? The answer is a resounding yes. Master of the Mountain, Henry Wiencek's eloquent, persuasive book—based on new information coming from archaeological work at Monticello and on hitherto overlooked or disregarded evidence in Jefferson's papers—opens up a huge, poorly understood dimension of Jefferson's world. We must, Wiencek suggests, follow the money. So far, historians have offered only easy irony or paradox to explain this extraordinary Founding Father who was an emancipationist in his youth and then recoiled from his own inspiring rhetoric and equivocated about slavery; who enjoyed his renown as a revolutionary leader yet kept some of his own children as slaves. But Wiencek's Jefferson is a man of business and public affairs who makes a success of his debt-ridden plantation thanks to what he calls the "silent profits" gained from his slaves—and thanks to a skewed moral universe that he and thousands of others readily inhabited. We see Jefferson taking out a slave-equity line of credit with a Dutch bank to finance the building of Monticello and deftly creating smoke screens when visitors are dismayed by his apparent endorsement of a system they thought he'd vowed to overturn. It is not a pretty story. Slave boys are whipped to make them work in the nail factory at Monticello that pays Jefferson's grocery bills. Parents are divided from children—in his ledgers they are recast as money—while he composes theories that obscure the dynamics of what some of his friends call "a vile commerce." Many people of Jefferson's time saw a catastrophe coming and tried to stop it, but not Jefferson. The pursuit of happiness had been badly distorted, and an oligarchy was getting very rich. Is this the quintessential American story?