Jarrell Bishop Lowell Co

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Jarrell, Bishop, Lowell, & Co

Author : Suzanne Ferguson
Publisher : Univ. of Tennessee Press
ISBN 13 : 9781572332294
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (322 download)

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Book Synopsis Jarrell, Bishop, Lowell, & Co by : Suzanne Ferguson

Download or read book Jarrell, Bishop, Lowell, & Co written by Suzanne Ferguson and published by Univ. of Tennessee Press. This book was released on 2003 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jarrell, Bishop, Lowell, & Co.: Middle-Generation Poets in Context Takes on the oft-noted but little explored friendship of three of the most respected poets of the twentieth century. Editor Suzanne Ferguson collects eighteen essays that explore the literary, personal, and political affiliations of Randall Jarrell, Elizabeth Bishop, and Robert Lowell, influential literary figures who flourished in the periods between modernism and postmodernism. Essay in the first section of the book directly compare the subjects, while sections on each of the poets follow. The contributors unpack received wisdom on the poets, revising and updating our conceptions. The multiple viewpoints reflect on one another, shedding provocative light on the group as a whole, and revealing the ways the study of poets in their historical context helps make them not only accessible but also relevant to today's reader. The Contributors: Edward Hirsch, Steven Gould Axelrod, Jeredith Merrin, Thomas Travisano, Diederik Oostdijk, Richard Flynn, Nelson Hathcock, Florian Hild, Stephen Burt, James McCorkle, Ross Leckie, Meg Schoerke, Lurel Kornhiser, Francesco Rognoni, Christian Sisack, Ernest J. Smith, and Elise Partridge. The Editor: Suzanne Ferguson is Samuel B. and Virginia C. Knight Professor of Humanities, Emerita, at Case Western Reserve University. She is author of The Poetry of Randall Jarrell, editor of Critical Essays on Randall Jarrell, and coeditor of Literature and the Visual Arts in Contemporary Society. Her articles have appeared in Georgia Review, Modern Fiction Studies, Word and Image, and other journals.

Warren, Jarrell, and Lowell

Author : Joan Romano Shifflett
Publisher : LSU Press
ISBN 13 : 0807173819
Total Pages : 244 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (71 download)

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Book Synopsis Warren, Jarrell, and Lowell by : Joan Romano Shifflett

Download or read book Warren, Jarrell, and Lowell written by Joan Romano Shifflett and published by LSU Press. This book was released on 2020-06-03 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Robert Penn Warren, Randall Jarrell, and Robert Lowell maintained lifelong, well-documented friendships with one another, often discussing each other’s work in private correspondence and published reviews. Joan Romano Shifflett’s Warren, Jarrell, and Lowell: Collaboration in the Reshaping of American Poetry traces the artistic and personal connections between the three writers. Her study uncovers the significance of their parallel literary development and reevaluates dominant views of how American poetry evolved during the mid-twentieth century. Familiar accounts of literary history, most prominently the celebration of Lowell’s Life Studies as a revolutionary breakthrough into confessional poetry, have obscured the significance of the deep connections that Lowell shared with Warren and Jarrell. They all became quite close in the 1930s, with the content and style of their early poetry revealing the impact of their mentors John Crowe Ransom and Allen Tate, whose aesthetics the three would ultimately modify and transform. The three poets achieved professional maturity and success in the 1940s, during which time they relied on one another’s honest critiques as they experimented with changes in subject matter and modes of expression. Shifflett shows that their works of the late 1940s were heavily influenced by Robert Frost. This period found Warren, Jarrell, and Lowell infusing ostensibly simple verse with multifaceted layers of meaning, capturing the language of speech in diction and rhythm, and striving to raise human experience to a universal level. During the 1950s, the three poets became public figures, producing major works that addressed the nation’s postwar need to reconnect with humanity. Warren, Jarrell, and Lowell continued to respond in interlocking ways throughout the 1960s, with each writer using innovative stylistic techniques to create a colloquy with readers that directed attention away from superficial matters and toward the important work of self-reflection. Drawing from biographical materials and correspondence, along with detailed readings of many poems, Warren, Jarrell, and Lowell offers a compelling new perspective on the shaping of twentieth-century American poetry.

Reading the Middle Generation Anew

Author : Eric Haralson
Publisher : University of Iowa Press
ISBN 13 : 1587296675
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (872 download)

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Book Synopsis Reading the Middle Generation Anew by : Eric Haralson

Download or read book Reading the Middle Generation Anew written by Eric Haralson and published by University of Iowa Press. This book was released on 2006-04 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ten original essays by advanced scholars and well-published poets address the middle generation of American poets, including the familiar---Robert Lowell, Elizabeth Bishop, Randall Jarrell, and John Berryman---and various important contemporaries: Delmore Schwartz, Theodore Roethke, Robert Hayden, and Lorine Niedecker. This was a famously troubled cohort of writers, for reasons both personal and cultural, and collectively their poems give us powerful, moving insights into American social life in the transforming decades of the 1940s through the 1960s.In addition to having worked during the broad middle of the last century, these poets constitute the center of twentieth-century American poetry in the larger sense, refuting invidious connotations of “middle” as coming after the great moderns and being superseded by a proliferating postmodern experimentation. This middle generation mediates the so-called American century and its prodigious body of poetry, even as it complicates historical and aesthetic categorizations.Taking diverse formal and thematic angles on these poets---biographical-historical, deconstructionist, and more formalist accounts---this book re-examines their between-ness and ambivalence: their various positionings and repositionings in aesthetic, political, and personal matters. The essays study the interplay between these writers and such shifting formations as religious discourse, consumerism, militarism and war, the ideology of America as “nature's nation,” and U.S. race relations and ethnic conflicts. Reading the Middle Generation Anew also shows the legacy of the middle generation, the ways in which their lives and writings continue to be a shaping force in American poetry. This fresh and invigorating collection will be of great interest to literary scholars and poets.

Midcentury Quartet

Author : Thomas J. Travisano
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
ISBN 13 : 9780813929187
Total Pages : 354 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (291 download)

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Book Synopsis Midcentury Quartet by : Thomas J. Travisano

Download or read book Midcentury Quartet written by Thomas J. Travisano and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 1999-12-29 with total page 354 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a February 1966 letter to her artistic confidant, RobertLowell, Elizabeth Bishop tellingly grouped four midcentury poets: Lowell, RandallJarrell, John Berryman, and herself. For Bishop--always wary of being pigeonholedand therefore reticent about naming her favorite contemporaries--it was a rareexplicit acknowledgment of an informal but enduring artistic circle that has evadedthe notice of literary journalists for more than forty years. Despite the privatenature of their dialogue, the group's members--Bishop, Lowell, Jarrell, andBerryman--left a compelling record of their mutual interchange and influence.Drawing on an extensive range of published and archival sources, Thomas Travisanotraces these poets' creation of a surprisingly coherent postmodern aesthetic anddefines its continuing influence on Americanpoetry. The refusal of this "midcentury quartet,"as Travisano calls them, to voice a formalized doctrine, coupled with theirintuitive way of working, has caused critics to miss the coherence of their project.Travisano argues that these poets are not only successors to Pound, Auden, Stevens, and Eliot but postmodern explorers in their own right. In forging their ownaesthetic, characterized here as a postmodern mode of elegy, they encounteredsignificant resistance from their immediate modernist mentors Allen Tate, John CroweRansom, and Marianne Moore. Jarrell, whom othersof the group regarded as a critic of particular genius, was first described as apost-modernist in a 1941 review by Ransom that Travisano cites as the earliest knownuse of the term. In Jarrell's review of Lowell's Lord Weary's Castle six yearslater, he named Lowell a postmodernist and identified traits, among them the use ofpastiche, that are now considered by theorists such as Fredric Jameson asspecifically postmodern. And Bishop's inventiveness allowed her to adapt aself-exploratory mode often, but imprecisely, termed confessional to challengingforms such as the double sonnet, villanelle, andsestina. Each of these poets suffered adevastating loss during childhood and lived through the twentieth-century disastersof the Great Depression, World War II and the Holocaust, and the cold war. Thecontinual tension in their poetry between subjectivity and form, claims Travisano, reflects the plight of the fractured individual in a postmodern world. By arguing sosharply for the importance of this circle, Midcentury Quartet is certain to redrawthe map of postwar American poetry.

Elizabeth Bishop in Brazil and After

Author : George Monteiro
Publisher : McFarland
ISBN 13 : 0786491299
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (864 download)

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Book Synopsis Elizabeth Bishop in Brazil and After by : George Monteiro

Download or read book Elizabeth Bishop in Brazil and After written by George Monteiro and published by McFarland. This book was released on 2012-09-18 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The life and career of American poet and writer Elizabeth Bishop falls into two distinct segments: the pre-Brazil years and the Brazil years and beyond. A creature of displacement from childhood, Bishop traveled to Brazil at the age of 40 for a two-week trip and unexpectedly stayed for most of the next two decades, a sojourn that marked her work indelibly. This study explores how Bishop's personal and literary experience in Brazil influenced her work culturally, historically, and linguistically, while she was in Brazil and following her return to the United States. Focusing on the "Brazilian" characteristics of Bishop's work as well as some of the major poems she composed before settling in Brazil, this volume offers fresh perspective on one of the 20th century's most celebrated writers.

Elizabeth Bishop in the 21st Century

Author : Angus J. Cleghorn
Publisher : University of Virginia Press
ISBN 13 : 0813932610
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (139 download)

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Book Synopsis Elizabeth Bishop in the 21st Century by : Angus J. Cleghorn

Download or read book Elizabeth Bishop in the 21st Century written by Angus J. Cleghorn and published by University of Virginia Press. This book was released on 2012 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In recent years, a series of major collections of posthumous writings by Elizabeth Bishop--one of the most widely read and discussed poets of the twentieth century--have been published, profoundly affecting how we look at her life and work. The hundreds of letters, poems, and other writings in these volumes have expanded Bishop's published work by well over a thousand pages and placed before the public a "new" Bishop whose complexity was previously familiar to only a small circle of scholars and devoted readers. This collection of essays by many of the leading figures in Bishop studies provides a deep and multifaceted account of the impact of these new editions and how they both enlarge and complicate our understanding of Bishop as a cultural icon. Contributors: Charles Berger, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville * Jacqueline Vaught Brogan, University of Notre Dame * Angus Cleghorn, Seneca College * Jonathan Ellis, University of Sheffield * Richard Flynn, Georgia Southern University * Lorrie Goldensohn * Jeffrey Gray, Seton Hall University * Bethany Hicok, Westminster College * George Lensing, University of North Carolina * Carmen L. Oliveira * Barbara Page, Vassar College * Christina Pugh, University of Illinois at Chicago * Francesco Rognoni, Catholic University in Milan * Peggy Samuels, Drew University * Lloyd Schwartz, University of Massachusetts, Boston * Thomas Travisano, Hartwick College * Heather Treseler, Worcester State University * Gillian White, University of Michigan

The Cambridge History of American Poetry

Author : Alfred Bendixen
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316123308
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (161 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge History of American Poetry by : Alfred Bendixen

Download or read book The Cambridge History of American Poetry written by Alfred Bendixen and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-10-27 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge History of American Poetry offers a comprehensive exploration of the development of American poetic traditions from their beginnings until the end of the twentieth century. Bringing together the insights of fifty distinguished scholars, this literary history emphasizes the complex roles that poetry has played in American cultural and intellectual life, detailing the variety of ways in which both public and private forms of poetry have met the needs of different communities at different times. The Cambridge History of American Poetry recognizes the existence of multiple traditions and a dramatically fluid canon, providing current perspectives on both major authors and a number of representative figures whose work embodies the diversity of America's democratic traditions.

The New Anthology of American Poetry

Author : Steven Gould Axelrod
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 0813562902
Total Pages : 563 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (135 download)

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Book Synopsis The New Anthology of American Poetry by : Steven Gould Axelrod

Download or read book The New Anthology of American Poetry written by Steven Gould Axelrod and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2012-04-15 with total page 563 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Steven Gould Axelrod, Camille Roman, and Thomas Travisano continue the standard of excellence set in Volumes I and II of this extraordinary anthology. Volume III provides the most compelling and wide-ranging selection available of American poetry from 1950 to the present. Its contents are just as diverse and multifaceted as America itself and invite readers to explore the world of poetry in the larger historical context of American culture. Nearly three hundred poems allow readers to explore canonical works by such poets as Elizabeth Bishop, Robert Lowell, and Sylvia Plath, as well as song lyrics from such popular musicians as Bob Dylan and Queen Latifah. Because contemporary American culture transcends the borders of the continental United States, the anthology also includes numerous transnational poets, from Julia de Burgos to Derek Walcott. Whether they are the works of oblique avant-gardists like John Ashbery or direct, populist poets like Allen Ginsberg, all of the selections are accompanied by extensive introductions and footnotes, making the great poetry of the period fully accessible to readers for the first time.

Dark Airs

Author : Brendan Cooper
Publisher : Peter Lang
ISBN 13 : 9783039118618
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Dark Airs by : Brendan Cooper

Download or read book Dark Airs written by Brendan Cooper and published by Peter Lang. This book was released on 2009 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In discussions of American poetry since World War II, the work of John Berryman has become increasingly neglected and marginalized. Critics have overwhelmingly chosen to favour the notion that he is an academic, 'establishment' poet whose career can comfortably be described as a move from New Critical traditionalism towards self-absorbed confessionalism. This study shows how such a narrow understanding of Berryman's work is reflective of a broader critical inclination towards a codification of the literary canon as a duel between competing factions of a formalist, establishment 'mainstream' and an experimentalist, countercultural 'avant-garde'. By examining the extent to which Berryman's poetry engages with the complex religiopolitical climate of Cold War American culture, this study exposes the inadequacy of the paradigm of mainstream traditionalism in relation to his work. In doing so, it opens up threads of comparative possibility between his work and that of poets ordinarily segregated from him by divisive conceptions of the literary canon. As such, this volume provides a reconsideration of Berryman's work that simultaneously asks broader questions about the nature of the American poetic canon and established definitions of 'postmodern' poetry.

The Cambridge Companion to Modern American Poetry

Author : Walter Kalaidjian
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1107040361
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (7 download)

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Book Synopsis The Cambridge Companion to Modern American Poetry by : Walter Kalaidjian

Download or read book The Cambridge Companion to Modern American Poetry written by Walter Kalaidjian and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2015-01-19 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Cambridge Companion to Modern American Poetry offers a critical overview of major and emerging American poets of the twentieth century.

Randall Jarrell and His Age

Author : Stephanie Burt
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231500955
Total Pages : 484 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Randall Jarrell and His Age by : Stephanie Burt

Download or read book Randall Jarrell and His Age written by Stephanie Burt and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2005-04-06 with total page 484 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Randall Jarrell (1914–1965) was the most influential poetry critic of his generation. He was also a lyric poet, comic novelist, translator, children's book author, and close friend of Elizabeth Bishop, Robert Lowell, Hannah Arendt, and many other important writers of his time. Jarrell won the 1960 National Book Award for poetry and served as poetry consultant to the Library of Congress. Amid the resurgence of interest in Randall Jarrell, Stephen Burt offers this brilliant analysis of the poet and essayist. Burt's book examines all of Jarrell's work, incorporating new research based on previously undiscovered essays and poems. Other books have examined Jarrell's poetry in biographical or formal terms, but none have considered both his aesthetic choices and their social contexts. Beginning with an overview of Jarrell's life and loves, Burt argues that Jarrell's poetry responded to the political questions of the 1930s, the anxieties and social constraints of wartime America, and the apparent prosperity, domestic ideals, and professional ideology that characterized the 1950s. Jarrell's work is peopled by helpless soldiers, anxious suburban children, trapped housewives, and lonely consumers. Randall Jarrell and His Age situates the poet-critic among his peers—including Bishop, Lowell, and Arendt—in literature and cultural criticism. Burt considers the ways in which Jarrell's efforts and achievements encompassed the concerns of his time, from teen culture to World War II to the Cuban Missile Crisis; the book asks, too, how those efforts might speak to us now.

Robert Lowell In Context

Author : Thomas Austenfeld
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1009465708
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (94 download)

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Book Synopsis Robert Lowell In Context by : Thomas Austenfeld

Download or read book Robert Lowell In Context written by Thomas Austenfeld and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2024-04-04 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

The Bloomsbury Handbook of Contemporary American Poetry

Author : Craig Svonkin
Publisher : Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1350062510
Total Pages : 549 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (5 download)

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Book Synopsis The Bloomsbury Handbook of Contemporary American Poetry by : Craig Svonkin

Download or read book The Bloomsbury Handbook of Contemporary American Poetry written by Craig Svonkin and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2023-01-12 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With chapters written by leading scholars such as Steven Gould Axelrod, Cary Nelson, and Marjorie Perloff, this comprehensive Handbook explores the full range and diversity of poetry and criticism in 21st-century America. The Bloomsbury Handbook of Contemporary American Poetry covers such topics as: · Major histories and genealogies of post-war poetry – from the language poets and the Black Arts Movement to New York school and the Beats · Poetry, identity and community – from African American, Chicana/o and Native American poetry to Queer verse and the poetics of disability · Key genres and forms – including digital, visual, documentary and children's poetry · Central critical themes – economics, publishing, popular culture, ecopoetics, translation and biography The book also includes an interview section in which major contemporary poets such as Rae Armantrout, and Claudia Rankine reflect on the craft and value of poetry today.

With Robert Lowell and His Circle

Author : Kathleen Spivack
Publisher : UPNE
ISBN 13 : 1555537650
Total Pages : 258 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis With Robert Lowell and His Circle by : Kathleen Spivack

Download or read book With Robert Lowell and His Circle written by Kathleen Spivack and published by UPNE. This book was released on 2012 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1959 Kathleen Spivack won a fellowship to study at Boston University with Robert Lowell. Her fellow students were Sylvia Plath and Anne Sexton, among others. Thus began a relationship with the famous poet and his circle that would last to the end of his life in 1977 and beyond. Spivack presents a lovingly rendered story of her time among some of the most esteemed artists of a generation. Part memoir, part loose collection of anecdotes, artistic considerations, and soulful yet clear-eyed reminiscences of a lost time and place, hers is an intimate portrait of the often suffering Lowell, the great and near great artists he attracted, his teaching methods, his private world, and the significant legacy he left to his students. Through the story of a youthful artist finding her poetic voice among literary giants, Spivack thoughtfully considers how poets work. She looks at friendships, addiction, despair, perseverance and survival, and how social changes altered lives and circumstances. This is a beautifully written portrait of friends who loved and lived words, and made great beauty together. A touching and deeply revealing look into the lives and thoughts of some of the most influential artists of the twentieth century, With Robert Lowell and His Circle will appeal to writers, students, and thoughtful literary readers, as well as to scholars.

The Oxford Handbook of Children's Literature

Author : Julia Mickenberg
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199938555
Total Pages : 601 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Children's Literature by : Julia Mickenberg

Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Children's Literature written by Julia Mickenberg and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-11-29 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Remarkably well researched, the essays consider a wide range of texts - from the U.S., Britain and Canada - and take a variety fo theoretical approaches, including formalism and Marxism and those related to psychology, postcolonialism, reception, feminism, queer studies, and performance studies ... This collection pushes boundaries of genre, notions of childhood ... Choice. Back cover of book.

Elizabeth Bishop and the Literary Archive

Author : Bethany Hicok
Publisher : Lever Press
ISBN 13 : 1643150111
Total Pages : 364 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (431 download)

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Book Synopsis Elizabeth Bishop and the Literary Archive by : Bethany Hicok

Download or read book Elizabeth Bishop and the Literary Archive written by Bethany Hicok and published by Lever Press. This book was released on 2020-01-03 with total page 364 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a life full of chaos and travel, Elizabeth Bishop managed to preserve and even partially catalog, a large collection—more than 3,500 pages of drafts of poems and prose, notebooks, memorabilia, artwork, hundreds of letters to major poets and writers, and thousands of books—now housed at Vassar College. Informed by archival theory and practice, as well as a deep appreciation of Bishop’s poetics, the collection charts new territory for teaching and reading American poetry at the intersection of the institutional archive, literary study, the liberal arts college, and the digital humanities. The fifteen essays in this collection use this archive as a subject, and, for the first time, argue for the critical importance of working with and describing original documents in order to understand the relationship between this most archival of poets and her own archive. This collection features a unique set of interdisciplinary scholars, archivists, translators, and poets, who approach the archive collaboratively and from multiple perspectives. The contributions explore remarkable new acquisitions, such as Bishop’s letters to her psychoanalyst, one of the most detailed psychosexual memoirs of any twentieth century poet and the exuberant correspondence with her final partner, Alice Methfessel, an important series of queer love letters of the 20th century. Lever Press’s digital environment allows the contributors to present some of the visual experience of the archive, such as Bishop’s extraordinary “multi-medial” and “multimodal” notebooks, in order to reveal aspects of the poet’s complex composition process.

Elizabeth Bishop in Context

Author : Angus Cleghorn
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 110885317X
Total Pages : 825 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)

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Book Synopsis Elizabeth Bishop in Context by : Angus Cleghorn

Download or read book Elizabeth Bishop in Context written by Angus Cleghorn and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-08-26 with total page 825 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elizabeth Bishop is increasingly recognised as one of the twentieth century's most original writers. Consisting of thirty-five ground-breaking essays by an international team of authors, including biographers, literary critics, poets and translators, this volume addresses the biographical and literary inception of Bishop's originality, from her formative upbringing in New England and Nova Scotia to long residences in New York, France, Florida and Brazil. Her poetry, prose, letters, translations and visual art are analysed in turn, followed by detailed studies of literary movements such as surrealism and modernism that influenced her artistic development. Bishop's encounters with nature, music, psychoanalysis and religion receive extended treatment, likewise her interest in dreams and humour. Essays also investigate the impact of twentieth-century history and politics on Bishop's life writing, and what it means to read Bishop via eco-criticism, postcolonial theory and queer studies.