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Isotope Separation
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Book Synopsis The Theory of Isotope Separation as Applied to the Large Scale Production of U235 by : Karl Cohen
Download or read book The Theory of Isotope Separation as Applied to the Large Scale Production of U235 written by Karl Cohen and published by . This book was released on 2015-03-07 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Isotope separation is the process of concentrating specific isotopes of a chemical element by removing other isotopes. The use of the nuclides produced is various. The largest variety is used in research (e.g. in chemistry where atoms of "marker" nuclide are used to figure out reaction mechanisms). By tonnage, separating natural uranium into enriched uranium and depleted uranium is the largest application. In the following text, mainly the uranium enrichment is considered. This process is a crucial one in the manufacture of uranium fuel for nuclear power stations, and is also required for the creation of uranium based nuclear weapons. Plutonium-based weapons use plutonium produced in a nuclear reactor, which must be operated in such a way as to produce plutonium already of suitable isotopic mix or grade. While different chemical elements can be purified through chemical processes, isotopes of the same element have nearly identical chemical properties, which makes this type of separation impractical, except for separation of deuterium. There are three types of isotope separation techniques: Those based directly on the atomic weight of the isotope. Those based on the small differences in chemical reaction rates produced by different atomic weights. Those based on properties not directly connected to atomic weight, such as nuclear resonances. The third type of separation is still experimental; practical separation techniques all depend in some way on the atomic mass. It is therefore generally easier to separate isotopes with a larger relative mass difference. For example deuterium has twice the mass of ordinary (light) hydrogen and it is generally easier to purify it than to separate uranium-235 from the more common uranium-238. On the other extreme, separation of fissile plutonium-239 from the common impurity plutonium-240, while desirable in that it would allow the creation of gun-type nuclear weapons from plutonium, is generally agreed to be impractical.
Book Synopsis Isotope Separation by Gaseous Diffusion and Centrifugation by :
Download or read book Isotope Separation by Gaseous Diffusion and Centrifugation written by and published by . This book was released on 1960 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Tritium Isotope Separation by : Gheorghe Vasaru
Download or read book Tritium Isotope Separation written by Gheorghe Vasaru and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1993-03-25 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Tritium Isotope Separation is the first book to present a current overview of the separation processes for tritium isotopes. The book consists of two parts. Part I explores the sources of tritium and the evolution of the world's tritium inventory. Part II describes the processes and plants used for tritium isotope separation, enrichment methods for tritium for analytical purposes, methods for recovering and enriching tritium from nuclear and thermonuclear plants, and the laser method. The book in general emphasizes applications, performance, characterization, laboratory experiments, pilot plants and industrial production, reliability, and cost. An author index, subject index, list of acronyms and abbreviations, and glossary have been included to make the book an even more valuable reference. Tritium Isotope Separation will be an essential book for all nuclear energy engineers, nuclear physicists, and others working with various aspects of isotope separation science.
Book Synopsis Isotope Separation by : Stelio Villani
Download or read book Isotope Separation written by Stelio Villani and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 432 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Separation of Isotopes of Biogenic Elements in Two-phase Systems by : Boris Mikhailovich Andreev
Download or read book Separation of Isotopes of Biogenic Elements in Two-phase Systems written by Boris Mikhailovich Andreev and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2006-12-01 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Separation of Isotopes of Biogenic Elements provides a detailed overview of this area of research covering all aspects from the value of isotope effects to their practical use (equilibrium single-stage isotope effect - kinetics and mass transfer – multiplication of the single-stage isotope separation factor - technological peculiarity of processes) with the purpose of extraction from the natural mixture of the enriched and highly concentrated isotopes. In contrast to traditional books on the theory of isotope separation, the theoretical part of the book describes separation in two-phase processes in counter-flow columns. The experimental part of the book presents systematic analysis of specialists in the field of isotope separation in counter-flow columns. This book will be of interest to scientists, engineers and technical workers engaged in isotope separation processes and isotope application in nuclear physics, medicine, agro-chemistry, biology and other areas. This book may also be used in teaching theory and practical aspects in courses on physical chemistry and Isotope separation of light elements by physicochemical methods.* summarises current state of isotope research, especially biogenic elements* covering all aspects from the value of isotope effects to their practical use* of interest to scientists, engineers and technical workers engaged in isotope separation processes and isotope application
Book Synopsis Magnetically Activated and Guided Isotope Separation by : Thomas R. Mazur
Download or read book Magnetically Activated and Guided Isotope Separation written by Thomas R. Mazur and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-11-19 with total page 137 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thesis describes a proof-of-principle experiment demonstrating a technique for stable isotope enrichment called Magnetically Activated and Guided Isotope Separation (MAGIS). Over the past century many enriched isotopes have become available, thanks largely to electromagnetic separators called calutrons. Due to substantial maintenance and operating costs, the United States decommissioned the last of its calutrons in 1998, leading to demand for alternative methods of isotope separation. The work presented here suggests the promise for MAGIS as a viable alternative to the calutrons. The MAGIS technique combines optical pumping with a scalable magnetic field gradient to enrich atoms of a specific isotope in an atomic beam. Benchmarking this work against the calutron using lithium as a test case, the author demonstrated comparable enrichment in a manner that should scale to the production of similar quantities, while requiring vastly less energy input.
Book Synopsis Isotope Separation and Isotope Exchange by :
Download or read book Isotope Separation and Isotope Exchange written by and published by . This book was released on 1953 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Special Isotope Separation Project Construction & Operation Using Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Technology (ID,WA,SC) by :
Download or read book Special Isotope Separation Project Construction & Operation Using Atomic Vapor Laser Isotope Technology (ID,WA,SC) written by and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemical Exchange as a Versatile Isotope Separation Process by : G. H. Clewett
Download or read book Chemical Exchange as a Versatile Isotope Separation Process written by G. H. Clewett and published by . This book was released on 1950 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Chemical Problems in Stable Isotope Separation by : Arthur J. Miller
Download or read book Chemical Problems in Stable Isotope Separation written by Arthur J. Miller and published by . This book was released on 1947 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Euroschool Lectures on Physics With Exotic Beams, Vol. II by : J.S. Al-Khalili
Download or read book The Euroschool Lectures on Physics With Exotic Beams, Vol. II written by J.S. Al-Khalili and published by Springer. This book was released on 2006-08-29 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is the second volume in a series of lecture notes based on the highly s- cessful Euro Summer School on Exotic Beams that has been running yearly since 1993 (apart from 1999) and is planned to continue to do so. It is the aim of the School and these lecture notes to provide an introduction to - dioactive ion beam (RIB) physics at the level of graduate students and young postdocs starting out in the ?eld. Each volume will contain lectures covering a range of topics from nuclear theory to experiment to applications. Our understanding of atomic nuclei has undergone a major re-orientation over the past two decades and seen the emergence of an exciting ?eld of research: the study of exotic nuclei. The availability of energetic beams of short-lived nuclei, referred to as radioactive ion beams (RIBs), has opened the way to the study of the structure and dynamics of thousands of nuclear species never before observed in the laboratory. In its 2004 report “Persp- tives for Nuclear Physics Research in Europe in the Coming Decade and - yond”, the Nuclear Physics European Collaboration Committee (NuPECC) statesthatthe?eldofRIBphysicsisoneofthemostimportantdirectionsfor the future science programme in Europe. In 2005 it published its “Roadmap for Construction of Nuclear Physics Research Infrastructures in Europe”.
Book Synopsis Uranium Isotope Separation by : British Nuclear Energy Society
Download or read book Uranium Isotope Separation written by British Nuclear Energy Society and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Theory of Isotope Separation in a Long Countercurrent Gas Centrifuge by : A. S. Berman
Download or read book A Theory of Isotope Separation in a Long Countercurrent Gas Centrifuge written by A. S. Berman and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Theory of Isotope Separation as Applied to the Large-scale Production of U235 by : Karl P. Cohen
Download or read book The Theory of Isotope Separation as Applied to the Large-scale Production of U235 written by Karl P. Cohen and published by . This book was released on 1974 with total page 165 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Optimum Flow Distribution for Multicomponent Isotope Separation in a Single Cascade by : Jim E. Murphy
Download or read book Optimum Flow Distribution for Multicomponent Isotope Separation in a Single Cascade written by Jim E. Murphy and published by . This book was released on 1962 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry by : Attila Vértes
Download or read book Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry written by Attila Vértes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-12-10 with total page 3693 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This revised and extended 6 volume handbook set is the most comprehensive and voluminous reference work of its kind in the field of nuclear chemistry. The Handbook set covers all of the chemical aspects of nuclear science starting from the physical basics and including such diverse areas as the chemistry of transactinides and exotic atoms as well as radioactive waste management and radiopharmaceutical chemistry relevant to nuclear medicine. The nuclear methods of the investigation of chemical structure also receive ample space and attention. The international team of authors consists of scores of world-renowned experts - nuclear chemists, radiopharmaceutical chemists and physicists - from Europe, USA, and Asia. The Handbook set is an invaluable reference for nuclear scientists, biologists, chemists, physicists, physicians practicing nuclear medicine, graduate students and teachers - virtually all who are involved in the chemical and radiopharmaceutical aspects of nuclear science. The Handbook set also provides further reading via the rich selection of references.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry by : Attila Vértes
Download or read book Handbook of Nuclear Chemistry written by Attila Vértes and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2003 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Impressive in its overall size and scope, this five-volume reference work provides researchers with the tools to push them into the forefront of the latest research. The Handbook covers all of the chemical aspects of nuclear science starting from the physical basics and including such diverse areas as the chemistry of transactinides and exotic atoms as well as radioactive waste management and radiopharmaceutical chemistry relevant to nuclear medicine. The nuclear methods of the investigation of chemical structure also receive ample space and attention. The international team of authors consists of 77 world-renowned experts - nuclear chemists, radiopharmaceutical chemists and physicists - from Austria, Belgium, Germany, Great Britain, Hungary, Holland, Japan, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland and the United States. The Handbook is an invaluable reference for nuclear scientists, biologists, chemists, physicists, physicians practicing nuclear medicine, graduate students and teachers - virtually all who are involved in the chemical and radiopharmaceutical aspects of nuclear science. The Handbook also provides for further reading through its rich selection of references.
