Islam and the English Enlightenment, 1670–1840

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Author :
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421403536
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Islam and the English Enlightenment, 1670–1840 by : Humberto Garcia

Download or read book Islam and the English Enlightenment, 1670–1840 written by Humberto Garcia and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A corrective addendum to Edward Said’s Orientalism, this book examines how sympathetic representations of Islam contributed significantly to Protestant Britain’s national and imperial identity in the eighteenth century. Taking a historical view, Humberto Garcia combines a rereading of eighteenth-century and Romantic-era British literature with original research on Anglo-Islamic relations. He finds that far from being considered foreign by the era’s thinkers, Islamic republicanism played a defining role in Radical Enlightenment debates, most significantly during the Glorious Revolution, French Revolution, and other moments of acute constitutional crisis, as well as in national and political debates about England and its overseas empire. Garcia shows that writers such as Edmund Burke, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, and Percy and Mary Shelley not only were influenced by international events in the Muslim world but also saw in that world and its history a viable path to interrogate, contest, and redefine British concepts of liberty. This deft exploration of the forgotten moment in early modern history when intercultural exchange between the Muslim world and Christian West was common resituates English literary and intellectual history in the wider context of the global eighteenth century. The direct challenge it poses to the idea of an exclusionary Judeo-Christian Enlightenment serves as an important revision to post-9/11 narratives about a historical clash between Western democratic values and Islam.

Islam and The English Enlightenment

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Author :
Publisher : Claritas Books
ISBN 13 : 1800119844
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (1 download)

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Book Synopsis Islam and The English Enlightenment by : Zulfiqar Ali Shah

Download or read book Islam and The English Enlightenment written by Zulfiqar Ali Shah and published by Claritas Books . This book was released on 2022-06-02 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Never before to my knowledge has the cross-fertilisation of Western and Islamic ideas been so encyclopedically documented as it is here. In reading Islam and the English Enlightenment, you will never see the relationship between Islam and the West in the same way again.” ROBERT F. SHEDI NGER Professor of Religion, Luther College “Dr. Zulfiqar Ali Shah’s Islam and the English Enlightenment is one of the most profoundly enlightening books I have read in years. Dr. Shah compellingly demonstrates that the thinkers of English Enlightenment were undeniably indebted to Islamic sciences and thought, and that the foundational principles of rationalist thought, scientific inquiry and religious toleration were deeply anchored in the Islamic tradition.” KHALED ABOU EL FADL Omar & Azmeralda Alfi Distinguished Professor of Law, UCLA School of Law “This is a book that anyone interested in stepping outside a Eurocentric view of the rise of the West and of the modern age must read.” MICHAEL A. GILLESPIE Professor of Political Science & Philosophy, Duke University “Dr. Shah convincingly demonstrates the central role that Islam played in shaping the values and ideas of the Enlightenment reformers such as John Locke and Isaac Newton who had helped to produce the modern world.” GERALD MACLEAN Emeritus Professor, University of Exeter

The Islamic Enlightenment

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Author :
Publisher : Random House
ISBN 13 : 1448139678
Total Pages : 448 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (481 download)

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Book Synopsis The Islamic Enlightenment by : Christopher de Bellaigue

Download or read book The Islamic Enlightenment written by Christopher de Bellaigue and published by Random House. This book was released on 2017-02-23 with total page 448 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: SHORTLISTED FOR THE BAILLIE GIFFORD PRIZE 2017 'An eye-opening, well-written and very timely book' Yuval Noah Harari 'The best sort of book for our disordered days: timely, urgent and illuminating' Pankaj Mishra 'It strikes a blow...for common humanity' Sunday Times The Muslim world has often been accused of a failure to modernise and adapt. Yet in this sweeping narrative and provocative retelling of modern history, Christopher de Bellaigue charts the forgotten story of the Islamic Enlightenment – the social movements, reforms and revolutions that transfigured the Middle East from the early nineteenth century to the present day. Modern ideals and practices were embraced across the region, including the adoption of modern medicine, the emergence of women from purdah and the development of democracy. The Islamic Enlightenment looks behind the sensationalist headlines in order to foster a genuine understanding of Islam and its relationship to the West. It is essential reading for anyone engaged in the state of the world today.

Toward an Islamic Enlightenment

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199927995
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Toward an Islamic Enlightenment by : M. Hakan Yavuz

Download or read book Toward an Islamic Enlightenment written by M. Hakan Yavuz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-01-31 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: M. Hakan Yavuz offers an insightful and wide-ranging study of the Gulen Movement, one of the most controversial developments in contemporary Islam. Founded in Turkey by the Muslim thinker Fethullah Gulen, the Gulen Movement aims to disseminate a ''moderate'' interpretation of Islam through faith-based education. Its activities have fundamentally altered religious and political discourse in Turkey in recent decades, and its schools and other institutions have been established throughout Central Asia and the Balkans, as well as western Europe and North America. Consequently, its goals and modus operandi have come under increasing scrutiny around the world. Yavuz introduces readers to the movement, its leader, its philosophies, and its practical applications. After recounting Gulen's personal history, he analyzes Gulen's theological outlook, the structure of the movement, its educational premise and promise, its financial structure, and its contributions (particularly to debates in the Turkish public sphere), its scientific outlook, and its role in interfaith dialogue. Towards an Islamic Enlightenment shows the many facets of the movement, arguing that it is marked by an identity paradox: despite its tremendous contribution to the introduction of a moderate, peaceful, and modern Islamic outlook-so different from the Iranian or Saudi forms of radical and political Islam-the Gulen Movement is at once liberal and communitarian, provoking both hope and fear in its works and influence.

The Republic of Arabic Letters

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Author :
Publisher : Harvard University Press
ISBN 13 : 0674985672
Total Pages : 360 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (749 download)

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Book Synopsis The Republic of Arabic Letters by : Alexander Bevilacqua

Download or read book The Republic of Arabic Letters written by Alexander Bevilacqua and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2018-02-23 with total page 360 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A Longman–History Today Book Prize Finalist Winner of the Thomas J. Wilson Memorial Prize A Times Literary Supplement Book of the Year “Deeply thoughtful...A delight.” —The Economist “[A] tour de force...Bevilacqua’s extraordinary book provides the first true glimpse into this story...He, like the tradition he describes, is a rarity.” —New Republic In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, a pioneering community of Western scholars laid the groundwork for the modern understanding of Islamic civilization. They produced the first accurate translation of the Qur’an, mapped Islamic arts and sciences, and wrote Muslim history using Arabic sources. The Republic of Arabic Letters is the first account of this riveting lost period of cultural exchange, revealing the profound influence of Catholic and Protestant intellectuals on the Enlightenment understanding of Islam. “A closely researched and engrossing study of...those scholars who, having learned Arabic, used their mastery of that difficult language to interpret the Quran, study the career of Muhammad...and introduce Europeans to the masterpieces of Arabic literature.” —Robert Irwin, Wall Street Journal “Fascinating, eloquent, and learned, The Republic of Arabic Letters reveals a world later lost, in which European scholars studied Islam with a sense of affinity and respect...A powerful reminder of the ability of scholarship to transcend cultural divides, and the capacity of human minds to accept differences without denouncing them.” —Maya Jasanoff “What makes his study so groundbreaking, and such a joy to read, is the connection he makes between intellectual history and the material history of books.” —Financial Times

The Enlightenment Qur'an

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Author :
Publisher : Simon and Schuster
ISBN 13 : 1780744854
Total Pages : 336 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (87 download)

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Book Synopsis The Enlightenment Qur'an by : Ziad Elmarsafy

Download or read book The Enlightenment Qur'an written by Ziad Elmarsafy and published by Simon and Schuster. This book was released on 2014-10-01 with total page 336 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Iconoclastic and fiercely rational, the European Enlightenment witnessed the birth of modern Western society and thought. Reason was sacrosanct and for the first time, religious belief and institutions were open to widespread criticism. In this groundbreaking book, Ziad Elmarsafy challenges this accepted wisdom to argue that religion was still hugely influential in the era. But the religion in question wasn’t Christianity – it was Islam. Charting the history of Qur’anic translations in Europe during the 18th and early 19th Centuries, Elmarsafy shows that a number of key enlightenment figures – including Voltaire, Rousseau, Goethe, and Napoleon – drew both inspiration and ideas from the Qur’an. Controversially placing Islam at the heart of the European Enlightenment, this lucid and well argued work is a valuable window into the interaction of East and West during this pivotal epoch in human history.

The Islamic Enlightenment: The Struggle Between Faith and Reason, 1798 to Modern Times

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Author :
Publisher : Liveright Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1631493337
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (314 download)

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Book Synopsis The Islamic Enlightenment: The Struggle Between Faith and Reason, 1798 to Modern Times by : Christopher de Bellaigue

Download or read book The Islamic Enlightenment: The Struggle Between Faith and Reason, 1798 to Modern Times written by Christopher de Bellaigue and published by Liveright Publishing. This book was released on 2017-04-04 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “The finest Orientalist of his generation” (Wall Street Journal) rewrites everything we thought we knew about the modern history of the Islamic world. In this “stylishly written, surprisingly moving chronicle” (Harper’s), Christopher de Bellaigue presents an absorbing account of the political and social reformations that transformed the lands of Islam in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. “The best sort of book for our disordered days” (Pankaj Mishra), The Islamic Enlightenment “is at once new, fascinating and extraordinarily important” (Wall Street Journal) as it challenges ossified perceptions in Western culture that self- righteously condemn the Muslim world as hopelessly benighted. This false perception belies the fact that Islamic civilization has long been undergoing its own anguished transformation, and that the violence of an infinitesimally small minority is the blowback from this process. In reclaiming the stories of the “fascinating . . . individuals who would grapple with reform and modernization” (New York Times Book Review), de Bellaigue’s “eye-opening, well-written, and very timely” (Yuval Harrari) history shows the folly of Westerners demanding modernity from people whose lives are already drenched in it.

Political Islam, Iran, and the Enlightenment

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139493256
Total Pages : 239 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Political Islam, Iran, and the Enlightenment by : Ali Mirsepassi

Download or read book Political Islam, Iran, and the Enlightenment written by Ali Mirsepassi and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-06 with total page 239 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ali Mirsepassi's book presents a powerful challenge to the dominant media and scholarly construction of radical Islamist politics, and their anti-Western ideology, as a purely Islamic phenomenon derived from insular, traditional and monolithic religious 'foundations'. It argues that the discourse of political Islam has strong connections to important and disturbing currents in Western philosophy and modern Western intellectual trends. The work demonstrates this by establishing links between important contemporary Iranian intellectuals and the central influence of Martin Heidegger's philosophy. We are also introduced to new democratic narratives of modernity linked to diverse intellectual trends in the West and in non-Western societies, notably in India, where the ideas of John Dewey have influenced important democratic social movements. As the first book to make such connections, it promises to be an important contribution to the field and will do much to overturn some pervasive assumptions about the dichotomy between East and West.

Toward an Islamic Enlightenment

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Author :
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199928002
Total Pages : 240 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (999 download)

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Book Synopsis Toward an Islamic Enlightenment by : M. Hakan Yavuz

Download or read book Toward an Islamic Enlightenment written by M. Hakan Yavuz and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2012-12-10 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: M. Hakan Yavuz offers an insightful and wide-ranging study of the Gulen Movement, one of the most imaginative developments in contemporary Islam. Founded in Turkey by the Muslim thinker Fethullah Gulen, the Gulen Movement aims to disseminate a ''moderate'' interpretation of Islam through faith-based education. Its activities have fundamentally altered religious and political discourse in Turkey in recent decades, and its schools and other institutions have been established throughout Central Asia and the Balkans, as well as western Europe and North America. Consequently, its goals and modus operandi have come under increasing scrutiny around the world. Yavuz introduces readers to the movement, its leader, its philosophies, and its practical applications. After recounting Gulen's personal history, he analyzes Gulen's theological outlook, the structure of the movement, its educational premise and promise, its financial structure, and its contributions (particularly to debates in the Turkish public sphere), its scientific outlook, and its role in interfaith dialogue. Towards an Islamic Enlightenment shows the many facets of the movement, arguing that it is marked by an identity paradox: despite its tremendous contribution to the introduction of a moderate, peaceful, and modern Islamic outlook-so different from the Iranian or Saudi forms of radical and political Islam-the Gulen Movement is at once liberal and communitarian, provoking both hope and fear in its works and influence.

The Fall of Man and the Foundations of Science

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Author :
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 0521875595
Total Pages : 34 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis The Fall of Man and the Foundations of Science by : Peter Harrison

Download or read book The Fall of Man and the Foundations of Science written by Peter Harrison and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2007-12-20 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: See:

Religion as Critique

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Publisher : UNC Press Books
ISBN 13 : 1469635100
Total Pages : 300 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (696 download)

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Book Synopsis Religion as Critique by : Irfan Ahmad

Download or read book Religion as Critique written by Irfan Ahmad and published by UNC Press Books. This book was released on 2017-11-20 with total page 300 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Irfan Ahmad makes the far-reaching argument that potent systems and modes for self-critique as well as critique of others are inherent in Islam--indeed, critique is integral to its fundamental tenets and practices. Challenging common views of Islam as hostile to critical thinking, Ahmad delineates thriving traditions of critique in Islamic culture, focusing in large part on South Asian traditions. Ahmad interrogates Greek and Enlightenment notions of reason and critique, and he notes how they are invoked in relation to "others," including Muslims. Drafting an alternative genealogy of critique in Islam, Ahmad reads religious teachings and texts, drawing on sources in Hindi, Urdu, Farsi, and English, and demonstrates how they serve as expressions of critique. Throughout, he depicts Islam as an agent, not an object, of critique. On a broader level, Ahmad expands the idea of critique itself. Drawing on his fieldwork among marketplace hawkers in Delhi and Aligarh, he construes critique anthropologically as a sociocultural activity in the everyday lives of ordinary Muslims, beyond the world of intellectuals. Religion as Critique allows space for new theoretical considerations of modernity and change, taking on such salient issues as nationhood, women's equality, the state, culture, democracy, and secularism.

The Islamic Enlightenment

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Author :
Publisher : Bodley Head
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 456 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis The Islamic Enlightenment by : Christopher De Bellaigue

Download or read book The Islamic Enlightenment written by Christopher De Bellaigue and published by Bodley Head. This book was released on 2017 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "A revelatory and game-changing narrative that rewrites everything we thought we knew about the modern history of the Islamic world. With majestic prose, Christopher de Bellaigue presents an absorbing account of the political and social reformations that transformed the lands of Islam in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Flying in the face of everything we thought we knew, The Islamic Enlightenment becomes an astonishing and revelatory history that offers a game-changing assessment of the Middle East since the Napoleonic Wars. Beginning his account in 1798, de Bellaigue demonstrates how Middle Eastern heartlands have long welcomed modern ideals and practices, including the adoption of modern medicine, the emergence of women from seclusion, and the development of democracy. With trenchant political and historical insight, de Bellaigue further shows how the violence of an infinitesimally small minority is in fact the tragic blowback from these modernizing processes. What makes The Islamic Enlightenment particularly germane is that non-Muslim pundits in the post-9/11 era have repeatedly called for Islam to subject itself to the transformations that the West has already achieved since the Enlightenment--the absurd implication being that if Muslims do not stop reading or following the tenets of the Qur'an and other holy books, they will never emerge from a benighted state of backwardness. The Islamic Enlightenment, with its revolutionary argument, completely refutes this view and, in the process, reveals the folly of Westerners demanding modernity from those whose lives are already drenched in it."Amazon

Foucault in Iran

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Publisher : U of Minnesota Press
ISBN 13 : 1452950563
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (529 download)

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Book Synopsis Foucault in Iran by : Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi

Download or read book Foucault in Iran written by Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi and published by U of Minnesota Press. This book was released on 2016-08-08 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Were the thirteen essays Michel Foucault wrote in 1978–1979 endorsing the Iranian Revolution an aberration of his earlier work or an inevitable pitfall of his stance on Enlightenment rationality, as critics have long alleged? Behrooz Ghamari-Tabrizi argues that the critics are wrong. He declares that Foucault recognized that Iranians were at a threshold and were considering if it were possible to think of dignity, justice, and liberty outside the cognitive maps and principles of the European Enlightenment. Foucault in Iran centers not only on the significance of the great thinker’s writings on the revolution but also on the profound mark the event left on his later lectures on ethics, spirituality, and fearless speech. Contemporary events since 9/11, the War on Terror, and the Arab Uprisings have made Foucault’s essays on the Iranian Revolution more relevant than ever. Ghamari-Tabrizi illustrates how Foucault saw in the revolution an instance of his antiteleological philosophy: here was an event that did not fit into the normative progressive discourses of history. What attracted him to the Iranian Revolution was precisely its ambiguity. Theoretically sophisticated and empirically rich, this interdisciplinary work will spark a lively debate in its insistence that what informed Foucault’s writing was not an effort to understand Islamism but, rather, his conviction that Enlightenment rationality has not closed the gate of unknown possibilities for human societies.

Islam and the English Enlightenment, 1670–1840

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Author :
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421405326
Total Pages : 367 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Islam and the English Enlightenment, 1670–1840 by : Humberto Garcia

Download or read book Islam and the English Enlightenment, 1670–1840 written by Humberto Garcia and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2012-01-30 with total page 367 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A corrective addendum to Edward Said’s Orientalism, this book examines how sympathetic representations of Islam contributed significantly to Protestant Britain’s national and imperial identity in the eighteenth century. Taking a historical view, Humberto Garcia combines a rereading of eighteenth-century and Romantic-era British literature with original research on Anglo-Islamic relations. He finds that far from being considered foreign by the era’s thinkers, Islamic republicanism played a defining role in Radical Enlightenment debates, most significantly during the Glorious Revolution, French Revolution, and other moments of acute constitutional crisis, as well as in national and political debates about England and its overseas empire. Garcia shows that writers such as Edmund Burke, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Robert Southey, and Percy and Mary Shelley not only were influenced by international events in the Muslim world but also saw in that world and its history a viable path to interrogate, contest, and redefine British concepts of liberty. This deft exploration of the forgotten moment in early modern history when intercultural exchange between the Muslim world and Christian West was common resituates English literary and intellectual history in the wider context of the global eighteenth century. The direct challenge it poses to the idea of an exclusionary Judeo-Christian Enlightenment serves as an important revision to post-9/11 narratives about a historical clash between Western democratic values and Islam.

Reopening Muslim Minds

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Author :
Publisher : St. Martin's Essentials
ISBN 13 : 1250256070
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (52 download)

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Book Synopsis Reopening Muslim Minds by : Mustafa Akyol

Download or read book Reopening Muslim Minds written by Mustafa Akyol and published by St. Martin's Essentials. This book was released on 2021-04-06 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A fascinating journey into Islam's diverse history of ideas, making an argument for an "Islamic Enlightenment" today In Reopening Muslim Minds, Mustafa Akyol, senior fellow at the Cato Institute and opinion writer for The New York Times, both diagnoses “the crisis of Islam” in the modern world, and offers a way forward. Diving deeply into Islamic theology, and also sharing lessons from his own life story, he reveals how Muslims lost the universalism that made them a great civilization in their earlier centuries. He especially demonstrates how values often associated with Western Enlightenment — freedom, reason, tolerance, and an appreciation of science — had Islamic counterparts, which sadly were cast aside in favor of more dogmatic views, often for political ends. Elucidating complex ideas with engaging prose and storytelling, Reopening Muslim Minds borrows lost visions from medieval Muslim thinkers such as Ibn Rushd (aka Averroes), to offer a new Muslim worldview on a range of sensitive issues: human rights, equality for women, freedom of religion, or freedom from religion. While frankly acknowledging the problems in the world of Islam today, Akyol offers a clear and hopeful vision for its future.

The Vital Roots of European Enlightenment

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Publisher : Lexington Books
ISBN 13 : 0739162330
Total Pages : 196 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (391 download)

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Book Synopsis The Vital Roots of European Enlightenment by : Samar Attar

Download or read book The Vital Roots of European Enlightenment written by Samar Attar and published by Lexington Books. This book was released on 2007-10-23 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Vital Roots of European Enlightenment is a collection of essays which deal with the influence of Ibn Tufayl, a 12th-century Arab philosopher from Spain, on major European thinkers. His philosophical novel, Hayy Ibn Yaqzan, could be considered one of the most important books that heralded the Scientific Revolution. Its thoughts are found in different variations and to different degrees in the books of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Isaac Newton, and Kant. But if Ibn Tufayl's fundamental values, such as equality, freedom and toleration, which the thinkers of the European Enlightenment had adopted as theirs, paved the way to the French Revolution, they certainly marked the end of the age of reason in southern Spain and the rest of the Islamic world. Ibn Tufayl's philosophy was appropriated, subverted, or reinvented for many centuries. But the memory of the man who wrote such an influential book was buried in the dust of history. The Vital Roots of European Enlightenment reexamines Ibn Tufayl's momentous book and its continued influence over contemporary philosophy. This intriguing book will appeal to those interested in comparative literature and religion.

Islam without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty

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Author :
Publisher : W. W. Norton & Company
ISBN 13 : 0393081974
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (93 download)

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Book Synopsis Islam without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty by : Mustafa Akyol

Download or read book Islam without Extremes: A Muslim Case for Liberty written by Mustafa Akyol and published by W. W. Norton & Company. This book was released on 2011-07-18 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “A delightfully original take on…the prospects for liberal democracy in the broader Islamic Middle East.”—Matthew Kaminski, Wall Street Journal As the Arab Spring threatens to give way to authoritarianism in Egypt and reports from Afghanistan detail widespread violence against U.S. troops and women, news from the Muslim world raises the question: Is Islam incompatible with freedom? In Islam without Extremes, Turkish columnist Mustafa Akyol answers this question by revealing the little-understood roots of political Islam, which originally included both rationalist, flexible strains and more dogmatic, rigid ones. Though the rigid traditionalists won out, Akyol points to a flourishing of liberalism in the nineteenth-century Ottoman Empire and the unique “Islamo-liberal synthesis” in present-day Turkey. As he powerfully asserts, only by accepting a secular state can Islamic societies thrive. Islam without Extremes offers a desperately needed intellectual basis for the reconcilability of Islam and liberty.