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Author : Giorgio Ferrari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (118 download)
Download or read book Irreversible Investment Under Lévy Uncertainty: an Equation for the Optimal Boundary written by Giorgio Ferrari and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Robert S. Pindyck
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 58 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Irreversibility, Uncertainty, and Investment written by Robert S. Pindyck and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1989 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Irreversible investment is especially sensitive to such risk factors as volatile exchange rates and uncertainty about tariff structures and future cash flows. If the goal of macroeconomic policy is to stimulate investment, stability and credibility may be more important than tax incentives or interest rates.
Author : Frank Riedel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 45 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book On Irreversible Investment written by Frank Riedel and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 45 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper develops a general theory of irreversible investment of a single firm that chooses a dynamic capacity expansion plan in an uncertain environment. The model is set up free of any distributional or any parametric assumptions and hence encompasses all the existing models. As the first contribution, a general existence and uniqueness result is provided for the optimal investment policy. Based upon an alternative approach developed previously to dynamic programming problems, we derive the optimal base capacity policy such that the firm always keeps the capacity at or above the base capacity. The critical base capacity is explicitly constructed and characterized via a stochastic backward equation. This method allows qualitative insights into the nature of the optimal investment under irreversibility. Finally, explicit solutions are derived for infinite time horizon, a separable operating profit function of Cobb--Douglas type and an exponential Levy process modelled economic shock.
Author : Andrew B. Abel
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Optimal Investment with Costly Reversibility written by Andrew B. Abel and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investment is characterized by costly reversibility when a firm can purchase capital at a given price and sell capital at a lower price. We derive an explicit analytic solution for optimal investment by a firm facing costly reversibility. In addition, we derive a local approximation to the solution which highlights the effects of the parameters of the problem on the triggers for investment. More generally, we extend the Jorgensonian concept of the user cost of capital to the case of uncertainty and define cU and cL as the user costs of capital associated with the purchase and sale of capital, respectively. Optimality requires the" firm to purchase and sell capital as needed to keep the marginal revenue product of capital in" the closed interval [cU, cL]. This prescription encompasses the case of irreversible investment as well as the standard" neoclassical case of costlessly reversible investment. Finally, quantitative analysis suggests" that even when the difference between the purchase and sale prices of capital is small user costs associated with purchasing and selling capital are closer to those applicable under" complete irreversibility than to those applicable under costless reversibility."
Author : Giorgio Ferrari
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (118 download)
Download or read book A Knightian Irreversible Investment Problem written by Giorgio Ferrari and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this paper, we study an irreversible investment problem under Knightian uncertainty. In a general framework, in which Knightian uncertainty is modeled through a set of multiple priors, we prove existence and uniqueness of the optimal investment plan, and derive necessary and sufficient conditions for optimality. This allows us to construct the optimal policy in terms of the solution to a stochastic backward equation under the worst- case scenario. In a time-homogeneous setting - where risk is driven by a geometric Brownian motion and Knightian uncertainty is realized through a so-called "k-ignorance" - we are able to provide the explicit form of the optimal irreversible investment plan.
Author : Robert S. Pindyck
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 75 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Irreversibility, Uncertainty, and Investment written by Robert S. Pindyck and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 75 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most investment expenditures have two important characteristics: First, they are largely irreversible; the firm cannot disinvest, so the expenditures are sunk costs. Second, they can be delayed, allowing the firm to wait for new information about prices, costs, and other market conditions before committing resources. An emerging literature has shown that this has important implications for investment decisions, and for the determinants of investment spending. Irreversible investment is especially sensitive to risk, whether with respect to future cash flows, interest rates, or the ultimate cost of the investment. Thus if a policy goal is to stimulate investment, stability and credibility may be more important than tax incentives or interest rates. This paper presents some simple models of irreversible investment, and shows how optimal investment rules and the valuation of projects and firms can be obtained from contingent claims analysis, or alternatively from dynamic programming. It demonstrates some strengths and limitations of the methodology, and shows how the resulting investment rules depend on various parameters that come from the market environment. It also reviews a number of results and insights that have appeared in the literature recently, and discusses possible policy implications.
Author : Giuseppe Bertola
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 52 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book Irreversibility and Aggregate Investment written by Giuseppe Bertola and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 52 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Investment is often irreversible, in that installed capital has little or no value unless used in production. In the presence of ongoing uncertainty, an individual firm's irreversible investment policy optimally alternates short bursts of positive gross investment to periods of inaction, when the installed capital stock is allowed to depreciate. The behavior of aggregate investment series is characterized by sluggish, continuous adjustment instead. We argue in this paper that aggregate dynamics should be interpreted in terms of unsynchronized irreversible investment decisions by heterogenous firms, rather than in terms of ad-hoc adjustment cost functions in a representative-agent framework. We propose a closed-form solution for a realistic model of sequential irreversible investment, characterize the aggregate implications of microeconomic irreversibility and idiosyncratic uncertainty, and interpret U.S. data in light of the theoretical results.
Author : Avinash Dixit
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 27 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Irreversible Investment with Uncertainty and Scale Economies written by Avinash Dixit and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 27 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper analyses optimal irreversible investment policy when profits are subject to a multiplicative geometric Brownian motion shock. The marginal product of capital is increasing initially and decreasing thereafter. In the latter range, optimal policy is familiar: capacity is added gradually as the shock rises to a threshold where the expected return on the marginal unit is a required multiple of the cost of capital. The multiple reflects the option value of waiting. The optimal policy in the increasing marginal product range obeys the same multiple, now applied to the total return on the discrete increase in capital. Implications for economic growth, and suboptimal equilibria under external economies, are examined.
Author : Rob Willem Jean van den Goorbergh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 20 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Risk Aversion, Price Uncertainty, and Irreversible Investments written by Rob Willem Jean van den Goorbergh and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper generalizes the theory of irreversible investment under uncertainty by allowing for risk averse investors in the absence of complete markets. Until now, this theory has only been developed in the cases of risk neutrality or risk aversion in combination with complete markets. Within a general setting, we prove the existence of a unique critical output price that distinguishes price regions in which it is optimal for a risk averse investor to invest and price regions in which one should refrain from investing. We use a class of utility functions that exhibit non-increasing absolute risk aversion to examine the effects of risk aversion, price uncertainty, and other parameters on the optimal investment decision. We find that risk aversion reduces investment, particularly if the investment size is large. Moreover, we find that a rise in price uncertainty increases the value of deferring irreversible investments. This effect is stronger for high levels of risk aversion. In addition, we provide, for the first time, closed-form comparative statics formulas for the risk neutral investor.
Author : Avinash K. Dixit
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 ( download)
Download or read book A Markup Interpretation of Optimal Rules for Irreversible Investment written by Avinash K. Dixit and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: We re-examine the basic investment problem of deciding when to incur a sunk cost to obtain a stochastically fluctuating benefit. The optimal investment rule satisfies a trade-off between a larger versus a later net benefit; we show that this trade-off is closely analogous to the standard trade-off for the pricing decision of a firm that faces a downward sloping demand curve. We reinterpret the optimal investment rule as a markup formula involving an elasticity that has exactly the same form as the formula for a firm's optimal markup of price over marginal cost. This is illustrated with several examples.
Author : Rob W. J. van den Goorbergh
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 18 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book Risk Aversion, Price Uncertainty, and Irreversibility of Investments written by Rob W. J. van den Goorbergh and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 18 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper generalizes the theory of irreversible investment under uncertainty by allowing for risk averse investors in the absence of complete markets. Until now this theory has only been developed in the cases of risk neutrality, or risk aversion in combination with complete markets. We introduce the class of logistic absolute risk aversion (LARA) utility functions to examine the effects of risk aversion, investment size, and other parameters on the optimal investment decision. We find that risk aversion reduces investment, particularly if the investment size is large. Moreover, we find that a rise in uncertainty increases the value of deferring irreversible investments. This effect is stronger for high levels of risk aversion. In addition, we provide, to the best of our knowlegde for the first time, analytical comparative statics formulas for the risk neutral investor.
Author : Pauli Murto
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (129 download)
Download or read book A Game Model of Irreversible Investment Under Uncertainty written by Pauli Murto and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Most of the literature on real options considers the optimal decision of a firm in isolation from competitors. In reality, however, the actions of competing firms often affect each other's investment opportunities. We develop a game model where many firms compete for a single investment opportunity. When one of the firms triggers the investment the opportunity is completely lost for the other firms. The value of the project for the firms is assumed to follow a geometric Brownian motion. The model combines game theory and the theory of irreversible investment under uncertainty. We characterize the resulting Nash equilibrium under different assumptions on the information that the firms have about each other's valuations for the project. As an example, we present a case of building a telecommunications network.
Author : Ben Bernanke
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (113 download)
Download or read book Irreversibility, Uncertainty, and Cyclical Investment written by Ben Bernanke and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The optimal timing of real investment is studied under the assumptions that investment is irreversible and that new information about returns is arriving over time. Investment should be undertaken in this case only when the costs of deferring the project exceed the expected value of information gained by waiting. Uncertainty, because it increases the value of waiting for new information, retards the current rate of investment. The nature of investor's optimal reactions to events whose implications are resolved over time is a possible explanation of the instability of aggregate investment over the business cycle
Author : Klaus Wälde
Publisher : Klaus Wälde
ISBN 13 : 3000324283
Total Pages : 332 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Applied Intertemporal Optimization written by Klaus Wälde and published by Klaus Wälde. This book was released on 2012 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Kerry Back
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0190241144
Total Pages : 745 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Asset Pricing and Portfolio Choice Theory written by Kerry Back and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 745 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Today all would agree that Mexico and the United States have never been closer--that the fates of the two republics are intertwined. Mexico has become an intimate part of life in almost every community in the United States, through immigration, imported produce, business ties, or illegal drugs. It is less a neighbor than a sibling; no matter what our differences, it is intricately a part of our existence. In the fully updated second edition of Mexico: What Everyone Needs to Know(R), Roderic Ai Camp gives readers the most essential information about our sister republic to the south. Camp organizes chapters around major themes--security and violence, economic development, foreign relations, the colonial heritage, and more. He asks questions that take us beyond the headlines: Why does Mexico have so much drug violence? What was the impact of the North American Free Trade Agreement? How democratic is Mexico? Who were Benito Juarez and Pancho Villa? What is the PRI (the Institutional Revolutionary Party)? The answers are sometimes surprising. Despite ratification of NAFTA, for example, Mexico has fallen behind Brazil and Chile in economic growth and rates of poverty. Camp explains that lack of labor flexibility, along with low levels of transparency and high levels of corruption, make Mexico less competitive than some other Latin American countries. The drug trade, of course, enhances corruption and feeds on poverty; approximately 450,000 Mexicans now work in this sector. Brisk, clear, and informed, Mexico: What Everyone Needs To Know(R) offers a valuable primer for anyone interested in the past, present, and future of our neighbor to the South. Links to video interviews with prominent Mexicans appear throughout the text. The videos can be accessed at through The Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Latin American History at http: //latinamericanhistory.oxfordre.com/page/videos/
Author : Anne Elizabeth Parmigiani
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 576 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Concurrent Sourcing written by Anne Elizabeth Parmigiani and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 576 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : N El Karoui
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780582307339
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (73 download)
Download or read book Backward Stochastic Differential Equations written by N El Karoui and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1997-01-17 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the texts of seminars presented during the years 1995 and 1996 at the Université Paris VI and is the first attempt to present a survey on this subject. Starting from the classical conditions for existence and unicity of a solution in the most simple case-which requires more than basic stochartic calculus-several refinements on the hypotheses are introduced to obtain more general results.
