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Investigation Of Er Golgi Membrane Proteins Influencing Copii Tethering And Fusion
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Book Synopsis Investigation of ER-Golgi Membrane Proteins Influencing COPII Tethering and Fusion by : Indrani Mukherjee
Download or read book Investigation of ER-Golgi Membrane Proteins Influencing COPII Tethering and Fusion written by Indrani Mukherjee and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protein secretion is executed by the secretory pathway, which involves the delivery of membrane and soluble secretory proteins in vesicle intermediates that capture newly-synthesized proteins assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and then transport captured cargo to the Golgi apparatus. This fundamental pathway is conserved across all eukaryotes. Genetic, biochemical and structural studies have provided a framework for distinct steps of protein trafficking between the ER and the Golgi in yeast and mammalian cells. Recent studies have also uncovered a novel role for calcium during vesicle budding in the early secretory pathway. Despite the wealth of knowledge available about the early secretory pathway, fundamental questions remain regarding how ER-Golgi associated proteins function in tethering and fusion of ER-derived vesicles with the Golgi apparatus. A proteomic analysis of COPII vesicles identified the ER-Golgi associated proteins Sly41 and Coy1, which influence trafficking in the early secretory pathway but are of unknown function. This thesis investigates the role of Sly41 and Coy1 in ER-Golgi transport. The multispanning membrane protein Sly41 was initially identified as a multicopy suppressor of loss of function mutations in YPT1 and USO1, which are essential for tethering of COPII vesicles to Golgi membranes. Our characterization revealed that Sly41 is packaged into COPII vesicles, cycles between the ER-Golgi compartments, and trafficking of Sly41 between early secretory compartments is required for its suppressive activity. A novel genetic interaction between SLY41 and the Golgi-localized Ca2+/Mn2+ pump encoded by PMR1 indicated a role for Sly41 in cellular calcium homeostasis. In vivo analysis revealed that overexpression of Sly41 produced higher levels of intracellular calcium in yeast cells. In vitro cysteine-disulfide crosslinking assays were used to monitor SNARE-mediated fusion of COPII vesicles with Golgi membranes and indicated that calcium can stimulate membrane fusion in the absence of maximal tethering. Together, these findings provide evidence for a regulatory role for calcium in membrane fusion at the Golgi complex and explain how Sly41 overexpression can suppress deficiencies in COPII vesicle tethering. C̲ASP o̲f y̲east, termed Coy1, was initially identified based on sequence homology to Golgi-localized CASP in mammalian cells. The extended coiled-coil structure encoded by COY1 in addition to genetic interactions with other early secretory pathway genes such as SNARE protein encoding SEC22 and GOS1, suggested a role for COY1 in vesicle tethering. This hypothesis was supported by a novel genetic interaction identified between COY1 and GRH1, which encodes the Grh1 protein known to influence vesicle tethering at the Golgi. Out characterization of Coy1 revealed that the protein is efficiently packaged into COPII vesicles and overexpression of Coy1 led to deleterious effects on in vitro transport and COPII vesicle tethering. Taken together, the data suggest that the Golgi-membrane protein Coy1 influences COPII vesicle tethering at the Golgi.
Book Synopsis The Roles of the COPII Coat and Hrr25 in ER-Golgi Transport by : Christopher Levon Najarian Lord
Download or read book The Roles of the COPII Coat and Hrr25 in ER-Golgi Transport written by Christopher Levon Najarian Lord and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 141 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The COPII coat is essential for ER-Golgi transport and consists of four subunits: the inner adaptor proteins Sec23 and Sec24, and the outer shell proteins Sec13 and Sec31. Transport is initiated when activated Sar1-GTP in the ER membrane recruits the COPII coat by directly binding the Sec23 subunit; together these proteins catalyze vesicle formation. Vesicles are then tethered to the Golgi by TRAPPI, Ypt1, and Uso1, allowing SNAREs to subsequently catalyze fusion of the vesicle and Golgi membranes. These basic concepts of ER-Golgi transport are introduced and further detailed in chapter one. Recently an interaction between Sec23 and TRAPPI was shown to be required for vesicle tethering to the Golgi, implying the COPII coat regulates trafficking events downstream of budding. It was unclear how long the coat remained bound to vesicles and how this prolonged association might influence tethering and fusion events. Experiments in this dissertation delineate numerous roles of the COPII coat in ER-Golgi transport. Chapter two demonstrates COPII vesicles remain coated after they form and until they are tethered to the Golgi, but appear to uncoat prior to fusion. It also shows the conserved kinase Hrr25 binds and phosphorylates Sec23 and Sec24 at the Golgi after displacing TRAPPI. Hrr25 indirectly inhibits vesicle budding by phosphorylating Sec23, which disrupts its ability to bind Sar1-GTP. Finally, we describe how sequential interactions of Sar1-GTP, TRAPPI, and Hrr25 with Sec23 spatially and temporally regulate vesicle traffic. Chapter three examines the role of Hrr25 in vesicle fusion. Hrr25 appears to partially stimulate the essential process of uncoating, likely by decreasing the affinity of phosphorylated Sec24 with vesicle cargo. Casein kinase II (CKII) is also shown to regulate ER-Golgi transport, potentially by phosphorylating and inhibiting Hrr25. The fourth and final chapter examines the significance of these findings in relation to other trafficking events and proposes experiments to better understand the roles of COPII phosphorylation, Hrr25, and CKII in ER-Golgi traffic.
Book Synopsis Molecular Biology of The Cell by : Bruce Alberts
Download or read book Molecular Biology of The Cell written by Bruce Alberts and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis ARF Family GTPases by : Richard A. Kahn
Download or read book ARF Family GTPases written by Richard A. Kahn and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2004-02-29 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the first time experts in the area of signalling research with a focus on the ARF family have contributed to the production of a title devoted to ARF biology. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the ARF family, tables of the ARF GEFs and ARF GAPs, and more than a dozen chapters describing them in detail are provided. The impact of the ARF proteins on widely diverse aspects of cell biology and cell signalling can be clearly seen from the activities described; including membrane traffic, lipid metabolism, receptor desensitization, mouse development, microtubule dynamics, and bacterial pathogenesis. Anyone interested in understanding the complexities of cell signalling and the integration of signalling networks will benefit from this volume.
Book Synopsis The Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum by : Chris Hawes
Download or read book The Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum written by Chris Hawes and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2017-10-20 with total page 265 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents a range of different techniques that have been used to characterize the structure and function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in higher plants. Chapters guide readers through application of modern microscopy techniques by fluorescence and electron microscopy, new protocols for analysing ER network structure, methods to purify and analyse ER membrane structure and to study protein glycosylation, protocols to study the unfolded protein response, and the role of the ER in autophagy. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, The Plant Endoplasmic Reticulum: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.
Book Synopsis Essentials of Glycobiology by : Ajit Varki
Download or read book Essentials of Glycobiology written by Ajit Varki and published by CSHL Press. This book was released on 1999 with total page 694 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sugar chains (glycans) are often attached to proteins and lipids and have multiple roles in the organization and function of all organisms. "Essentials of Glycobiology" describes their biogenesis and function and offers a useful gateway to the understanding of glycans.
Download or read book The Cytoskeleton written by James Spudich and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Exocytosis and Endocytosis by : Andrei I. Ivanov
Download or read book Exocytosis and Endocytosis written by Andrei I. Ivanov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008 with total page 407 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this book, skilled experts provide the most up-to-date, step-by-step laboratory protocols for examining molecular machinery and biological functions of exocytosis and endocytosis in vitro and in vivo. The book is insightful to both newcomers and seasoned professionals. It offers a unique and highly practical guide to versatile laboratory tools developed to study various aspects of intracellular vesicle trafficking in simple model systems and living organisms.
Book Synopsis Protein Trafficking in Plant Cells by : J. Soll
Download or read book Protein Trafficking in Plant Cells written by J. Soll and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1998-08-31 with total page 410 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The highly structured eucaryotic cell with its complex division of biochemical labour requires a distinct protein complement in each cellular structure and compartment. Nuclear coded and cytosolically synthesized polypeptides are specifically sorted to every corner of the cell in a post- or co-translational manner. The presence of separate genomes and protein translation machineries in plastids and mitochondria requires further coordination not only on the transcriptional, translational but also most likely on the protein import level. Numerous different protein transport systems have developed and coexist within plant cells to ensure the specific and selective composition of every sub-cellular compartment. This volume summarizes the current knowledge on protein trafficking in plant cells. Aside from the fundamental aspects in cell biology of how specific pre-protein sorting and translocation across biological membranes is achieved, a major focus is on transport, modification and deposition of plant storage proteins. The increasing use of plants as bioreactors to provide custom-designed proteins of different usage requires detailed understanding of these events. This text is directed not only at students and professionals in plant cell and molecular biology but also at those involved in horticulture and plant breeding. It is intended to serve as a text and guide for graduate-level courses on plant cell biology and as a valuable supplement to courses in plant physiology and development. Scientists in other disciplines who wish to learn more about protein translocation in plants will also find this text an up-to-date source of information and reference.
Book Synopsis TRP Ion Channel Function in Sensory Transduction and Cellular Signaling Cascades by : Wolfgang B. Liedtke, MD, PH.D.
Download or read book TRP Ion Channel Function in Sensory Transduction and Cellular Signaling Cascades written by Wolfgang B. Liedtke, MD, PH.D. and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2006-09-29 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Since the first TRP ion channel was discovered in Drosophila melanogaster in 1989, the progress made in this area of signaling research has yielded findings that offer the potential to dramatically impact human health and wellness. Involved in gateway activity for all five of our senses, TRP channels have been shown to respond to a wide range of st
Book Synopsis Ras Superfamily Small G Proteins: Biology and Mechanisms 2 by : Alfred Wittinghofer
Download or read book Ras Superfamily Small G Proteins: Biology and Mechanisms 2 written by Alfred Wittinghofer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2014-09-26 with total page 299 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This second of two volumes discusses subfamily proteins which function in molecular and vesicular transport mechanisms inside the cell. In this volume the focus lies on the Rab, Ran and Arf subfamily members. As in Volume 1, the book is written by international renowned scientists in the field of small G-proteins. In elaborate reviews, biochemistry, structure, function and G-protein - effector interactions are described. Together with Volume 1 this book provides an comprehensive state-of-the-art work on small G-proteins (GTPases). It is written for Graduates and Professors in Biochemistry and Cell Biology interested in the mechanism and function of small G-proteins but are extremely valuable for those who want to move into the field.
Book Synopsis Unconventional Protein Secretion by : Andrea Pompa
Download or read book Unconventional Protein Secretion written by Andrea Pompa and published by Humana. This book was released on 2016-09-24 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents relevant background information to understanding the molecular basis governing unconventional protein secretion (UPS), and in particular explores the latest techniques and protocols that have been successfully applied for the study of this topic. Detailed chapters include an overview of conventional and unconventional secretory pathways along with multidisciplinary approaches and methods used for UPS analysis in different organisms. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Unconventional Protein Secretion: Methods and Protocols will be useful for all interested in the secretory pathway field as well as applications in cell biology, cell development, biomedical research, and healthcare.
Book Synopsis The Golgi Apparatus by : Alexander A. Mironov
Download or read book The Golgi Apparatus written by Alexander A. Mironov and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-03-04 with total page 714 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book summarizes all new data obtained after development of methods of Golgi complex sub fractionation, molecular biology and microscopy. It collects the full range of expertise, different points of view and different approaches. The book is devoted to molecular modes of the function of the Golgi apparatus as a whole, taking into account all experimental data. The book aims to make the functional organization of the Golgi apparatus more understandable.
Book Synopsis Protein Kinase D Downstream Effectors by : An Rykx
Download or read book Protein Kinase D Downstream Effectors written by An Rykx and published by . This book was released on 2007-05 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trafficking Inside Cells by : Nava Segev
Download or read book Trafficking Inside Cells written by Nava Segev and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-05-30 with total page 459 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the past, present and future of the intra-cellular trafficking field, which has made a quantum leap in the last few decades. It details how the field has developed and evolved as well as examines future directions.
Book Synopsis Vacuolar Compartments by : David G. Robinson
Download or read book Vacuolar Compartments written by David G. Robinson and published by CRC PressI Llc. This book was released on 2000 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Research into plant vacuoles has, over the last 5 years, been injected with new data which have already radically changed our concept of the vacuolar compartment in plant cells. In fact, we should no longer speak of the vacuole, but rather of vacuolar compartments. This is a revolutionary change in the way in which the plant cell has traditionally been presented in the biological literature. Vacuolar Compartments is a timely volume that provides a broad overview of our current understanding of the roles of vacuolar compartments in plant cells. Chapters focus on individual function of plant vacuoles and the tonoplast machinery that supports them. Additional chapters present up-to-date information on the identity of different vacuole types and the traffic of proteins to them. The book also provides a basis for comparing the plant system to vacuoles in other organisms. The present challenge is to understand how the separate organelles in the system are generated and maintained by the cell, and to explain at a biochemical level the functions of each vacuole type and the mechanisms by which they are achieved. Vacuolar Compartments is the first book to provide this perspective.
Book Synopsis Molecular Life Sciences by : Robert D. Wells
Download or read book Molecular Life Sciences written by Robert D. Wells and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-01-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecular Life Sciences: An Encyclopedic Reference will focus on understanding biological phenomena at the level of molecules and their interactions that govern life processes. The work will include articles on genes and genomes, protein structure and function, systems biology using genomics and proteomics as the focus, molecular aspects of cell structure and function, unifying concepts and theories from biology, chemistry, mathematics and physics that are essential for understanding the molecular life sciences (including teaching perspectives and assessment tools), and basic aspects of the various experimental approaches that are used in the Molecular Life Sciences.
