Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Investigating The Relationship Between Alcohol Cue Reactivity And Approach Motivation
Download Investigating The Relationship Between Alcohol Cue Reactivity And Approach Motivation full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Investigating The Relationship Between Alcohol Cue Reactivity And Approach Motivation ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Investigating the Relationship Between Alcohol Cue Reactivity and Approach Motivation by : Nicole Claudette Ryerson
Download or read book Investigating the Relationship Between Alcohol Cue Reactivity and Approach Motivation written by Nicole Claudette Ryerson and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol cue reactivity (ACR) is a critical component within many models of alcohol use and abuse. ACR can be conceptually defined as the physiological and subjective reactions that occur in response to alcohol related stimuli. Using a two-study design, the current research sought to investigate approach motivation and alcohol consumption as underlying mechanisms of subjective and neurophysiological ACR. Study 1 (n = 53) investigated the hypothesis that approach motivation and alcohol consumption would relate to ACR. Approach motivation did not relate to enhanced ACR. Additionally, analyses produced conflicting results concerning the impact of alcohol consumption on ACR. Heavy drinkers rated alcohol pictures higher in subjective ACR compared with light drinkers. However, light drinkers demonstrated enhanced neurophysiological ACR during alcohol consistent dot probe trials. The unpredicted results of Study 1 may have occurred due to the appetitive nature of the water pictures, which were intended to serve as a neutral comparison picture set. Study 2 (n = 132) investigated the hypothesis that inducing an approach motivation state would enhance ACR in comparison to a neutral or positive state and that this effect would be paramount for heavy drinkers. Results from Study 2 found that inducing an approach motivated state enhanced neurophysiological cue reactivity for water pictures, but not alcohol pictures. However, inducing a positive state enhanced neurophysiological cue reactivity for alcohol pictures. These results were specific to heavy drinkers. The unpredicted results of Study 2 were likely due to the writing prompt instructions used to induce an approach state. Many of the participants in this condition wrote about health focused goals that may have resulted in an aversive response to alcohol pictures instead of the intended appetitive response. Finally, research has yet to address the relationship between subjective and neurophysiological ACR. Therefore, analyses were conducted to investigate the hypothesis that approach motivation and alcohol consumption moderate the relationship between subjective and neurophysiological ACR. Approach motivation and alcohol consumption were not identified as moderator variables of the relationship between these broad categories of measurement. However, results suggest that a positive mood state may enhance the relationship between subjective and neurophysiological ACR.
Book Synopsis Alcohol Cue Reactivity Task Development by : Carmen Pulido
Download or read book Alcohol Cue Reactivity Task Development written by Carmen Pulido and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol cues (e.g., pictures of alcoholic beverages) have been shown to produce different physiological and cognitive reactions than non-alcohol cues, which can predict future drinking. Various tasks can assess alcohol cue reactivity, but their psychometric properties are yet to be substantiated. Previous standardization procedures have explored only one dimension (e.g., valence or complexity) of the stimuli, or inadequate numbers of alcohol-related stimuli have been standardized. The purpose of this project was to systematically create an alcohol cue reactivity task for future use during neuroimaging with non-drinking youth. Aim 1 comprehensively standardized 60 alcohol and 60 non-alcohol beverage pictures using ratings from non-alcohol drinking (N=82) young people on affective (i.e., valence and arousal) and perceptual (i.e., familiarity, complexity, brightness, and color) features. Rated stimuli were submitted to a statistical matching approach (i.e., Mahalanobi's distances and rankings) to create 26 matched pairs of alcohol and non-alcohol pictures. Aim 2 created an event-related task with the 26 picture pairs, which were programmed into E-Prime for systematic presentation. A program was used to produce a random stimulus function to optimize condition (i.e., alcohol and non-alcohol) timing. Aim 3 piloted the resulting task in non-drinking adolescents at risk for alcohol use disorders (AUD) based on family history of AUD (n=9) and healthy matched controls (n=11) recruited from local schools. The purpose was to investigate the equivalence of behavioral responding and reaction time to the alcohol cue task between groups, and ascertain adolescents' familiarity with the stimuli. Results from behavioral data were used to optimize the task. An alcohol cue reactivity task of 8.33 minutes in duration was developed for its use during neuroimaging with non-drinkers. The long-term objectives of this project are to utilize this task during neuroimaging with non-drinking adolescents at-risk for AUD to investigate how reactivity to alcohol stimuli may predict alcohol use initiation and escalation. Knowledge gained from future research conducted with this cue reactivity task may help identify the role of exposure to alcohol stimuli on the development of AUD.
Book Synopsis The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Addiction Psychopharmacology by : James MacKillop
Download or read book The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Addiction Psychopharmacology written by James MacKillop and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-02 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Much of our scientific effort in tackling the multifactorial nature of addiction has taken place within individual disciplines. However, it has become increasingly clear that the complexity of addiction requires an integrated approach. This Handbook is timely and exceptional, intelligently combining the latest research approaches and applying them to understanding and tackling the prodigious public health burden of addiction. An authoritative resource, it establishes a comprehensive framework that will guide the field in the next era of addiction research.” John F. Kelly, PhD, President Elect, Society of Addiction Psychology, American Psychological Association; Associate Professor in Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Director, Addiction Recovery Management Service, Massachusetts General Hospital The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Addiction Psychopharmacology presents a comprehensive guide to contemporary research approaches to the study of drug addiction in adults. With a focus on empirically relevant research methods and nuanced methodologies, it provides practical tools to enable strong psychopharmacological practices. Contributions from experts in diverse domains offer reviews of the most current experimental methodologies, make recommendations for “best practices,” and identify future directions for the field. Topics covered include core methods for assessing drug effects, distal and proximal determinants of drug use, and insights from cognitive neuroscience. Compiled by a team of widely published researchers in substance addiction, The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Addiction Psychopharmacology is an authoritative, state-of-the-art collection of modern research approaches to the scientific study of drug addiction. Its multidisciplinary approach makes it a comprehensive and invaluable resource for all those in this field.
Download or read book Cannabis written by Marco Colizzi and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2021-02-05 with total page 204 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the years, there has been increasing interest into the public health impact of cannabis use, especially by young adults. This follows the evidence of a growing prevalence of regular cannabis use worldwide, with approximately 200 million users. Recreational cannabis use, especially a frequent use of products with high levels of its main psychoactive ingredient delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ 9-THC), can cause dependence and have transient and long-lasting detrimental mental health effects, also negatively impacting cognitive processing and brain function and metabolism. In regular users, the development of tolerance to some of the effects of cannabis, especially the pleasurable ones, may lead to progressively heavier use in order to obtain the same effects in terms of their intensity, with higher health risks. However, the Cannabis Sativa plant contains different chemicals with different potential effects. In this regard, cannabidiol has gained interest because of its potential therapeutic properties, in line with evidence that CBD and Δ9-THC may exhibit opposite effects at the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1), Δ9-THC being a partial agonist and CBD an antagonist/inverse agonist. Different cannabinoids may modulate human brain function and behavior in different ways, with different risk–benefit profiles.
Book Synopsis The COMBINE Study by : Helen M. Pettinati
Download or read book The COMBINE Study written by Helen M. Pettinati and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 207 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigations on the Influence of Cue Reactivity on Relapse Behavior in Alcohol Use Disorder Using Innovative Methods of Statistical Survival Analysis by : Iris Reinhard
Download or read book Investigations on the Influence of Cue Reactivity on Relapse Behavior in Alcohol Use Disorder Using Innovative Methods of Statistical Survival Analysis written by Iris Reinhard and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Alcohol Research & Health written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of EEG Frequency by : Philip Gable
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of EEG Frequency written by Philip Gable and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2022-07-28 with total page 641 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of electroencephalography (EEG) to study the human mind has seen tremendous growth across a vast array of disciplines due to increased ease of use and affordability of the technology. Typically, researchers study how the magnitude of the waves changes over time or how the rhythm (frequency) of the waves changes over time. The Oxford Handbook of EEG Frequency is arguably the first book to comprehensively describe the ways to study how the frequency of the waves changes over time and how changes in frequency are linked to cognitive, affective, and motor processes. Consisting of 23 chapters written by leading authorities in the field, the book is separated into three sections, with the first focusing on the basics of EEG frequency research, linking frequency analyses to core components of EEG research with event-related potential (ERP) components and local field potentials (LFPs) in non-human animals. The second section looks at specific EEG frequency components that are commonly studied using traditional frequency bands of activity to study specific psychological processes. Finally, the third section explores EEG frequency analyses in special populations and altered states. Each chapter provides a diverse perspective on the topic, giving readers the opportunity to learn about a vast array of methods to conduct EEG frequency analyses, from 'traditional' to cutting-edge techniques, providing a comprehensive and in-depth overview of electroencephalography (EEG).
Book Synopsis Examining the Interface Between Alcohol Expectancies, Psychophysiological Reactivity to Alcohol Picture Cues, and Risk for Substance Use Disorders by : Ashlee C. Carter
Download or read book Examining the Interface Between Alcohol Expectancies, Psychophysiological Reactivity to Alcohol Picture Cues, and Risk for Substance Use Disorders written by Ashlee C. Carter and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: The study examined the overlap between cognitive and affective measures of alcohol expectancies as they related to risk for developing alcohol use disorders. It was hypothesized that cognitive-based, paper-and-pencil measures and appetitive psychophysiological reactivity to alcohol cues would correlate and independently correlate to drinking behavior in a sample of college drinkers. It was also hypothesized that genetic risk would impact the relationship between upstream and downstream expectancy measures, given that children of alcoholics displayed blunted reactivity to appetitive cues. A sample of 137 college drinkers (67 males; mean age = 20.23 " 1.61) reporting a range of drinking behavior (mean quantity/occasion = 4.03 " 2.34; mean frequency/month = 6.24 " 4.31) and genetic risk for alcohol use disorders (47 children of alcoholics) participated in this study. The cue reactivity paradigm included the measurement of skin conductance, cardiac response, and acoustic startle eyeblink response to a randomized sequence of alcohol and neutral pictures. Questionnaires and interviews assessed alcohol expectancies, family history, drinking behavior, and risk. Findings revealed that cognitive and affective measures shared modest overlap in the overall sample, such that sedating and negative alcohol expectancies were positively correlated with less appetitive early acoustic startle response. However, alcohol expectancies were not significantly correlated with any of the remaining psychophysiological measures. Further, affective measures were not related to drinking behavior, indicating failure to detect drinking variance in a sample of college drinkers. Findings also indicated that genetic risk impacted the relationship between cognitive and affective measures of expectancy. Specifically, children of alcoholics (COAs) displayed stronger relationships between both positive and negative expectancies and early startle response than their peers. Further, COA Status moderated the relationship between early startle response and Social/Physical Pleasure and Positive/Arousing alcohol expectancies. This dissertation provided evidence that cognitive and affective measures of alcohol expectancies shared modest overlap, indicating that expectancy subscales and early acoustic startle response tapped into the same expectancy construct. Further, genetic risk moderated the strength of relationships between upstream and downstream expectancy measures, which were stronger in children of alcoholics. Overall, affective measures of expectancy were more sensitive to expectancy variation in high-risk college drinkers.
Download or read book Principles of Addiction written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-05-17 with total page 959 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Principles of Addiction provides a solid understanding of the definitional and diagnostic differences between use, abuse, and disorder. It describes in great detail the characteristics of these syndromes and various etiological models. The book's three main sections examine the nature of addiction, including epidemiology, symptoms, and course; alcohol and drug use among adolescents and college students; and detailed descriptions of a wide variety of addictive behaviors and disorders, encompassing not only drugs and alcohol, but caffeine, food, gambling, exercise, sex, work, social networking, and many other areas. This volume is especially important in providing a basic introduction to the field as well as an in-depth review of our current understanding of the nature and process of addictive behaviors. Principles of Addiction is one of three volumes comprising the 2,500-page series, Comprehensive Addictive Behaviors and Disorders. This series provides the most complete collection of current knowledge on addictive behaviors and disorders to date. In short, it is the definitive reference work on addictions. Each article provides glossary, full references, suggested readings, and a list of web resources Edited and authored by the leaders in the field around the globe – the broadest, most expert coverage available Encompasses types of addiction, as well as personality and environmental influences on addiction
Book Synopsis TIP 35: Enhancing Motivation for Change in Substance Use Disorder Treatment (Updated 2019) by : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Download or read book TIP 35: Enhancing Motivation for Change in Substance Use Disorder Treatment (Updated 2019) written by U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2019-11-19 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Motivation is key to substance use behavior change. Counselors can support clients' movement toward positive changes in their substance use by identifying and enhancing motivation that already exists. Motivational approaches are based on the principles of person-centered counseling. Counselors' use of empathy, not authority and power, is key to enhancing clients' motivation to change. Clients are experts in their own recovery from SUDs. Counselors should engage them in collaborative partnerships. Ambivalence about change is normal. Resistance to change is an expression of ambivalence about change, not a client trait or characteristic. Confrontational approaches increase client resistance and discord in the counseling relationship. Motivational approaches explore ambivalence in a nonjudgmental and compassionate way.
Book Synopsis Moderation of Neural Alcohol-cue Craving by Core Personality Systems by : Nicole Claudette Mechin
Download or read book Moderation of Neural Alcohol-cue Craving by Core Personality Systems written by Nicole Claudette Mechin and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 37 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol cues are prevalent in our everyday lives (on commercials and billboards, in grocery ads, etc.). Past work has demonstrated that exposure to alcohol cues evokes alcohol craving as evidenced by cortical activation. Neural activity underlying cue-elicited craving is connected to core personality systems of approach motivation, avoidance motivation, and supervisory control. However, it is unclear which personality system is driving measures of frontal activation related to cue-elicited alcohol craving. The current study sought to determine which personality system moderates frontal asymmetric activation evoked by cue-elicited alcohol craving, when participants were exposed to alcohol or neutral pictures. Results revealed that greater trait impulsivity moderated the relationship between greater left-frontal activation and picture type. Approach motivation and avoidance motivation were unrelated to left-frontal activation and picture type. These results suggest that decreased activation of the supervisory control system (increased trait impulsivity) is responsible for greater left-frontal activation in response to cue-elicited alcohol craving, not increased activation of the approach system or the avoidance system.
Book Synopsis Handbook of Implicit Cognition and Addiction by : Reinout W. Wiers
Download or read book Handbook of Implicit Cognition and Addiction written by Reinout W. Wiers and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2006 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Handbook of Implicit Cognition and Addiction' brings together developments in basic research on implicit cognition with recent developments in addiction research, thus providing an opportunity to move the field forward by integrating research from previously independent fields.
Book Synopsis Health information seeking, processing, and sharing by : Jiawei Liu
Download or read book Health information seeking, processing, and sharing written by Jiawei Liu and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-02 with total page 155 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Behavioral Neuroscience of Motivation by : Eleanor H. Simpson
Download or read book Behavioral Neuroscience of Motivation written by Eleanor H. Simpson and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-11 with total page 584 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume covers the current status of research in the neurobiology of motivated behaviors in humans and other animals in healthy condition. This includes consideration of the psychological processes that drive motivated behavior and the anatomical, electrophysiological and neurochemical mechanisms which drive these processes and regulate behavioural output. The volume also includes chapters on pathological disturbances in motivation including apathy, or motivational deficit as well as addictions, the pathological misdirection of motivated behavior. As with the chapters on healthy motivational processes, the chapters on disease provide a comprehensive up to date review of the neurobiological abnormalities that underlie motivation, as determined by studies of patient populations as well as animal models of disease. The book closes with a section on recent developments in treatments for motivational disorders.
Book Synopsis Brain and Cognition for Addiction Medicine: From Prevention to Recovery by : Hamed Ekhtiari
Download or read book Brain and Cognition for Addiction Medicine: From Prevention to Recovery written by Hamed Ekhtiari and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-01-12 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alcohol and the Nervous System by : Edith V. Sullivan
Download or read book Alcohol and the Nervous System written by Edith V. Sullivan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2014-10-08 with total page 703 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Alcohol is the most widely used drug in the world, yet alcoholism remains a serious addiction affecting nearly 20 million Americans. Our current understanding of alcohol's effect on brain structure and related functional damage is being revolutionized by genetic research, basic neuroscience, brain imaging science, and systematic study of cognitive, sensory, and motor abilities. Volume 125 of the Handbook of Clinical Neurology is a comprehensive, in-depth treatise of studies on alcohol and the brain covering the basic understanding of alcohol's effect on the central nervous system, the diagnosis and treatment of alcoholism, and prospect for recovery. The chapters within will be of interest to clinical neurologists, neuropsychologists, and researchers in all facets and levels of the neuroscience of alcohol and alcoholism. The first focused reference specifically on alcohol and the brain Details our current understanding of how alcohol impacts the central nervous system Covers clinical and social impact of alcohol abuse disorders and the biomedical consequences of alcohol abuse Includes section on neuroimaging of neurochemical markers and brain function
