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Investigating The Conservation Genetics Small Population Paradigm Using The Brook Trout Salvelinus Fontinalis
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Book Synopsis Investigating the Conservation Genetics Small Population Paradigm Using the Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) by : Jacquelyn L. A. Wood
Download or read book Investigating the Conservation Genetics Small Population Paradigm Using the Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) written by Jacquelyn L. A. Wood and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The conservation genetics small population paradigm predicts reduced quantitative genetic variation and consequently, adaptive potential, for populations which have become small and isolated due to habitat fragmentation. While these expectations are supported by laboratory studies, their generality in wild populations remain unresolved. In actuality, the evolutionary consequences of fragmentation may depend on whether environmental characteristics– and by extension, selective regimes are (1) shifted in a consistent directional manner as is widely assumed (Directional hypothesis), or (2) become more variable as population and fragment size decrease (Variable hypothesis); this latter possibility has so far received little empirical attention. Implementing field techniques, I explore these two competing hypotheses by relating variability in habitat characteristics to population size in a series of differentially abundant brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations located at Cape Race, Newfoundland. I furthermore use these hypotheses as a foundation to test the assumptions of the conservation genetic small population paradigm by investigating the relationships of population size at Cape Race to additive genetic variation (VA), trait differentiation (QST), and phenotypic plasticity in common garden analyses, and to the extent of natural selection in a meta-analysis using a large number of natural populations and species. Across two years and in relation to two population size metrics, patterns of habitat characteristics among small versus large Cape Race populations supported the Variable hypothesis. However, small brook trout populations did not significantly differ from large populations in either the magnitude or variability of VA, QST, or phenotypic plasticity. Results of the meta-analysis similarly revealed little support for differences in the strength, direction, and form of selection among wild populations differing in population size. The lack of differences might be explained by long term fluctuating environmental conditions which resulted in fluctuating selective pressures and similar outcomes among small compared to large Cape Race populations, and among the species included in the meta-analysis. Overall, the results of this research contradict the assumption that small populations generally inhabit marginal environments and also dispute the major tenets of the conservation genetics small population paradigm. Taken together, they suggest that even very small populations of some species may retain the adaptive potential necessary to cope with future environmental change.
Book Synopsis CONSERVATION GENETICS OF SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BROOK TROUT (Salvelinus Fontinalis). by : Thomas Casey Weathers
Download or read book CONSERVATION GENETICS OF SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN BROOK TROUT (Salvelinus Fontinalis). written by Thomas Casey Weathers and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many range-restricted species, particularly mountaintop species, are often the first groups in which entire species experience extinction due to range contractions and perturbations. Rear-edge, lower latitude, salmonid populations often occupy fragmented habitats and may in turn exhibit more pronounced signatures of isolation than higher latitude conspecifics. Therefore, rear-edge populations present significant conservation challenges to biologists interested in identifying and maintaining ecological and evolutionary processes within and among such populations. Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), the only endemic salmonid to southern Appalachia, are rich in ecologically and evolutionarily interesting traits such as multiple life history forms, broad latitudinal and elevational distribution, and prodigious neutral genetic differentiation. Causes of continual Brook Trout population and range declines include overharvest, acid precipitation, habitat degradation, competition with non-native species, and climate change. Such declines have led to the increased isolation of many populations of Brook Trout. In the absence of gene flow many isolated populations of Brook Trout may exhibit rapid genetic drift or inbreeding, thus resulting in subsequent losses of adaptive potential. Consequently, there is considerable demand for the implementation of restoration programs that maximize population recovery and resilience of wild Brook Trout. As such, resource managers must plan for an evolutionary future for such a trust species. While the current paradigm of conservation places emphasis on recognition and protection of irreplaceable evolutionarily distinct lineages, the precise and accurate delineation of populations must become a priority. Once populations are identified the best strategy for future conservation may be to enhance connectivity via restoration or translocation efforts rather than protecting specific genotypes. Elucidating spatial clusters of Brook Trout is critical to their conservation, particularly regarding unprecedented environmental change. Therefore, I have combined informative microsatellite data with riverscape genetics approaches to assess whether functional (meta)population assemblages exist among rear-edge populations of Brook Trout sampled across southern Appalachia in the following research chapters. My research elucidates the effects of isolation and fragmentation on Brook Trout genetic and phenotypic (i.e., morphometric and meristic) differentiation, whether neighboring populations exhibit enough gene flow to warrant being considered metapopulations, and the effect of potential barriers to gene flow upon subsequent metapopulation dynamics and genetic diversity. My research largely suggests that rear-edge populations of Brook Trout exhibit extensive neutral genetic differences and appear to be prodigiously isolated. My findings provide biologists a reference when setting management and conservation priorities and may foster more aggressive efforts focused on restoring connectivity among many populations of rear-edge Brook Trout. Further, by demarcating population and subpopulation clusters across riverscapes I provide resource managers information needed to enhance future Brook Trout conservation outcomes.I sought to document existing patterns of genetic variation within and among populations of Brook Trout and then translate my results into an approachable format for managers to access for future management and conservation decision making and to further encourage managers to implement population genetic monitoring programs. My work supports that non-native trout removals combined with habitat restorations could improve connectivity and enhance the outlook for many fragmented populations of wild, native brook trout across southern Appalachia. Moreover, it is my hope that the results from these studies can be used by Brook Trout biologists to select local restoration source stocks used to potentially bolster the effectiveness of different conservation strategies (i.e., founder translocations and genetic rescue).
Book Synopsis Genetic Investigation of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Population Structure in Lake Superior Tributaries Located in Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan, USA by :
Download or read book Genetic Investigation of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Population Structure in Lake Superior Tributaries Located in Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore, Michigan, USA written by and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study focused on four tributaries located in Pictured Rocks National Lakeshore: Miners River, Mosquito River, Sevenmile Creek, and Hurricane River. Eight microsatellite loci were used to examine genetic diversity and structure between groups of brook trout. Brook trout were sampled in Open and Restricted sections from each tributary for wider comparisons between groups. Open designated sections are the downstream portion of the tributary with access to Lake Superior, whereas each Restricted section is the upstream portion above a barrier to fish movement (i.e. waterfall). Adfluvial brook trout were classified from PIT tag movement data from two of the streams (MOS and SVN). Abundance of classified adfluvial (coaster) brook trout, individuals that utilize both stream and lake environments, varied between streams (MOS=35 to SVN= 106). The results showed that adfluvial brook trout were more closely related to the fluvial brook trout from their stream of capture than to other designated adfluvial groups. All Restricted sections of rivers were most closely related to their Open section counterparts, with the exception of Hurricane Restricted which was most closely related to Sevenmile Open. Within the Restricted sections there was moderate genetic differentiation between all tributaries. Miners River was the most genetically distinct population overall followed by Mosquito River, which showed levels consistent with higher interaction rates between other tributaries. Sevenmile Creek and Hurricane River are the most genetically similar populations. This suggests that there is more movement of brook trout between Sevenmile Creek and Hurricane River than between the other sites in PIRO. I suggest that the movement of adfluvial brook trout between systems is the most likely explanation for these patterns and inter-stream movement is driving the genetic dynamics found across the population.
Book Synopsis Conservation Genetics by : V. Loeschcke
Download or read book Conservation Genetics written by V. Loeschcke and published by Birkhäuser. This book was released on 2013-03-11 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It follows naturally from the widely accepted Darwinian dictum that failures of populations or of species to adapt and to evolve under changing environments will result in their extinction. Population geneti cists have proclaimed a centerstage role in developing conservation biology theory and applications. However, we must critically reexamine what we know and how we can make rational contributions. We ask: Is genetic variation really important for the persistence of species? Has any species become extinct because it ran out of genetic variation or because of inbreeding depression? Are demographic and environmental stochas ticity by far more important for the fate of a population or species than genetic stochasticity (genetic drift and inbreeding)? Is there more to genetics than being a tool for assessing reproductive units and migration rates? Does conventional wisdom on inbreeding and "magic numbers" or rules of thumb on critical effective population sizes (MVP estimators) reflect any useful guidelines in conservation biology? What messages or guidelines from genetics can we reliably provide to those that work with conservation in practice? Is empirical work on numerous threatened habitats and taxa gathering population genetic information that we can use to test these guidelines? These and other questions were raised in the invitation to a symposium on conservation genetics held in May 1993 in pleasant surroundings at an old manor house in southern Jutland, Denmark.
Book Synopsis Conservation Genetics of Remnant Anadromous Brook Trout, Salvelinus Fontinalis, Populations at the Southern Limit of Their Distribution by : Brendan J. Annett
Download or read book Conservation Genetics of Remnant Anadromous Brook Trout, Salvelinus Fontinalis, Populations at the Southern Limit of Their Distribution written by Brendan J. Annett and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 104 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Behavioural and Genetic Assessment of Mate Choice in Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) by : Terin Robinson
Download or read book Behavioural and Genetic Assessment of Mate Choice in Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) written by Terin Robinson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 77 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A multifaceted approach is necessary in order to better understand the complex processes involved in mate choice. I investigated the mechanisms of mate choice using a population of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) with known ancestry, using a combination of behavioural observations and microsatellite genetic data to better understand how relatedness influences mate choice in this species. Video observations of female mate choice based on kinship indicated a statistically significant preference of female brook trout for association with males, as demonstrated by the decreased activity level of females in the presence of males. No statistically significant preference for unrelated or related males was evident, however, indicating that while females preferred to be near males, the relatedness of the preferred males varied between individuals. In a second experiment, the roles of relatedness, stocking and local adaptation in mate selection and mating success were investigated by introducing seven brook trout families of known ancestry and relatedness into a semi-wild environment. Reproductive contributions were assessed using two consecutive years of sampling newly hatched fry and determining parentage via microsatellite genotyping. Low levels of reproductive success of the stocked fish, along with little evidence of introgression, suggest that local adaptation is an important (and limiting) component of successful reproduction in this species. These findings are important to future conservation and management of brook trout, as they highlight the importance of maintaining genetic diversity and evolutionary potential both within and between populations.
Book Synopsis Estimating the Effective Number of Breeders of Brook Trout, Salvelinus Fontinalis, Over Multiple Generations in Two Stream Systems by : Matthew R. Cembrola
Download or read book Estimating the Effective Number of Breeders of Brook Trout, Salvelinus Fontinalis, Over Multiple Generations in Two Stream Systems written by Matthew R. Cembrola and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of genetic markers in monitoring populations has become increasingly important for conservation purposes, and can take many forms. While effective population size (Ne) is of great interest to conservation genetics, it may be much easier and more practical to estimate the effective number of breeders (Nb) per cohort as a tool for genetic monitoring of populations. Few studies have estimated Nb for the same species over long periods of time in comparison with demographic or environmental variables. I estimated Nb of the eastern brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, as part of long-term studies of two stream systems: West Brook (WB) in Massachusetts and Stanley Brook (SB) in Maine. I used eight microsatellite loci for all available young of the year (YOY) from each cohort in WB and a random subset of YOY distributed evenly throughout SB to obtain genetic-based estimates. I estimated adult abundance (NC) from mark-recapture data, and used seasonal stream flow as an environmental variable. I performed linear models with Nb as the response variable and family structure (number of families and variance in family size), NC, and seasonal stream flow as predictor variables. I found that both the number of families and variance in family size had a strong influence on Nb. Compared to abundance of adults and YOY, Nb was relatively stable over time.Stream flow in both autumn and spring showed a quadratic relationship with Nb in WB, suggesting that intermediate flows are optimal for maintaining a higher Nb. SB, with fewer years of data, did not show these relationships. If incorporated into monitoring programs, Nb can be a useful tool for detecting changes in population status and for informing management decisions.
Book Synopsis Conservatin Genetics of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) by : Matthew William Jones
Download or read book Conservatin Genetics of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) written by Matthew William Jones and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Brook Trout Populations in Headwater Stream Networks by : Yoichiro Kanno
Download or read book Brook Trout Populations in Headwater Stream Networks written by Yoichiro Kanno and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Conservation Applications of Watershed-Level Brook Trout Riverscape Genetics by : Lucas Nathan
Download or read book Conservation Applications of Watershed-Level Brook Trout Riverscape Genetics written by Lucas Nathan and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Contemporary Brook Trout Salvelinus fontinalis populations are often fragmented due to anthropogenic influences. Although research and conservation actions have traditionally focused at the stream-reach level, inter-stream movements may connect seemingly isolated populations to form larger metapopulations. The overall goal of my research was to use watershed-level riverscape genetics to inform Brook Trout conservation. Specifically, my objectives were to 1) present a synthesis of existing Brook Trout literature and identify future research directions, 2) evaluate Brook Trout genetic population structuring and identify gene flow barriers at the watershed level, 3) validate and modify a pre-existing Brook Trout habitat patch spatial layer that can be used to predict extant Brook Trout metapopulations, and 4) develop decision support tools to identify Brook Trout conservation opportunity areas (COAs) at watershed levels. Using empirical data, I found evidence of genetic connectivity among streams spanning 5 - 15 km of mainstem habitat. Watersheds with high levels of development were associated with increased differentiation, suggesting that development acts a barrier to gene flow at the watershed level. The pre-existing patch layer adequately predicted many genetic metapopulations, however patches with dams or high levels of development often exhibited higher levels of genetic structuring. Modifying the patches reduced evidence of genetic structuring, which suggested a better representation of existing genetic patterns. Using the set of COA tools, I identified patches and watersheds across Connecticut to target for specific conservation actions. Simulating barrier removals, I found rapid (1 - 10 years) increases in genetic diversity, however barrier severity and monitoring location strongly influenced the observed effects. Through this research, I have demonstrated that Brook Trout, despite being isolated by unsuitable mainstem habitat, exist in metapopulations at the watershed level. Such dynamics are important for long term population viability, and thus conservation actions should take watershed-level processes into consideration. Using the modified patch layer and the set of COA tools I developed as part of this research, resource managers can visualize and identify areas across broad landscapes to target for Brook Trout conservation. Doing so will promote the long-term resilience and adaptive potential of Brook Trout metapopulations.
Book Synopsis Conservation Genetics of Brook Trout (salvelimus Fontinalis) in Shenandoah National Park by : Alicia Gail Nelson
Download or read book Conservation Genetics of Brook Trout (salvelimus Fontinalis) in Shenandoah National Park written by Alicia Gail Nelson and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 80 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Potential Inversions And Local Adaptation Among Small Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Populations by : Caitlin Nemeczek
Download or read book Potential Inversions And Local Adaptation Among Small Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Populations written by Caitlin Nemeczek and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chromosomal inversions can play a role in local adaptation as advantageous alleles become linked by supressed recombination in heterokaryotypes. Understanding the role of inversions in adaptation among small, isolated populations is an important addition for robust conservation strategies. As such, we conducted low-coverage whole genome sequencing on N=192 brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) collected from nine small streams in Nova Scotia. Individuals were sequenced at ~3x depth using paired end sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq and genotype likelihoods calculated with ANGSD. Four potential inversions were discovered only in individuals from western streams that have lower streamflow and higher maximum daily water temperatures. Population genomics methods of LD, admixture and heterozygosity were used to support the detection of potential inversions. Some genes found within these putative inversion regions play a role in biological processes that are linked to thermotolerance and suggest evidence for potential local adaptation.
Book Synopsis THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INTRASPECIFIC DIVERSITY FOR THE CONSERVATION OF AN IMPERILED FISH SPECIES. by : Shannon L White
Download or read book THE SIGNIFICANCE OF INTRASPECIFIC DIVERSITY FOR THE CONSERVATION OF AN IMPERILED FISH SPECIES. written by Shannon L White and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Improved understanding of eco-evolutionary dynamics can help predict species response to current and future disturbance and aid in the development of more effective conservation strategies. However, incorporating eco-evolutionary dynamics into our understanding of species ecology is complicated by the need to unite individual molecular and behavioral ecology with population vital rates, and understand how those relationships interact with both fine- and broad-scale habitat features. These cross-scale interactions among biotic and abiotic features are critical for explaining patterns in population demography and predicting future evolutionary trajectories; however, they are often overlooked when conducting population-level analyses because individual variation is presumed to represent random variance around a mean population-level response. My dissertation sought to understand how individual variation in habitat use and phenotypic and genotypic diversity influence population demography and evolutionary potential in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Brook trout is a species of concern throughout their native range in the eastern United States. Climate change, habitat loss, and competition with nonnative species are the leading causes of brook trout populations declines, and many state and federal organizations prioritize brook trout restoration and conservation initiatives. However, the efficacy of present-day management objectives, which largely focus on increasing population size and habitat availability, will continue to decline as climate change outpaces restoration efforts. Accordingly, management must become more forward-thinking and include the identification and conservation of the fine-scale properties that naturally increase population resiliency and promote future adaptive capacity. In my first chapter I developed a novel framework for the analysis of riverscape genetics and apply this framework to understand population connectivity in brook trout in the Loyalsock Creek watershed, Pennsylvania. Population isolation is associated with low genetic diversity, reduced resiliency to disturbance, and overall higher probabilities of local expiration. Accordingly, understanding how environmental covariates influence migration and gene flow herein riverscape genetics is critical for identifying movement corridors and maintaining population connectivity. Quantitative methods commonly used for the analysis of riverscape genetics are unable to quantify bidirectional gene flow or account for the spatial autocorrelation structure in stream networks which can lead to incorrect conclusions about how riverscape covariates influence gene flow. I presented a novel bidirectional gene flow in riverscapes (BGFR) model that addresses these issues by using principles of isolation-by-resistance to quantify the effects of environmental covariates on genetic connectivity, with spatial covariance defined using simultaneous autoregressive models on a spatially structured ecological network and the generalized Wishart distribution to model pairwise distance matrices arising through a random walk model of gene flow. Using the BGFR model, I determined that temporally stochastic habitats, including the mainstem river and seasonally intermittent stream channels, influence gene flow for brook trout in the Loyalsock Creek watershed. This finding has significant potential to inform brook trout management, as climate change and future anthropogenic disturbance are expected to influence stream flow hydrology which could result in decreased gene flow and increased rates of population isolation.My second chapter further explored concepts in riverscape genetics to investigate the potential negative consequences that can arise when there are unrecognized patterns of connectivity. For this chapter, I implemented a novel quantitative method for estimating introgression between wild and hatchery-stocked brook trout in Loyalsock Creek. Hatchery stocking is an important management tool that increases recreational opportunities and reduces angling pressure on wild populations. However, interbreeding among wild and hatchery fish can reduce wild population fitness and survival by introducing genotypes that are maladapted to the wild environment. I determined that hatchery-wild introgression in Loyalsock creek brook trout was minimal; however, I also found that introgression was occurring at sites that are several kilometers from the nearest source of stocked fish. This suggests that hatchery stocking may currently have a minimal effect on wild brook trout in Loyalsock Creek, but that movement of hatchery fish through the mainstem may have unintended and undesirable effects on wild populations. My third chapter combined concepts in habitat connectivity with fish behavior to explore individual variation in thermal refuge use during periods of stream temperature rise. Areas of thermal refugia are common in mountain streams and occupancy of refugia by obligate coldwater species is associated with increased population survival, genetic diversity, and reproduction. However, the long-term conservation potential of thermal refugia is unclear, as studies have consistently shown high immigration into and emigration out of thermal refugia suggesting the population-level effects may be minimal. Within an experimental stream, I investigated thermal and forage habitat use in brook trout during periods of thermal stress. I determined that larger fish became more restricted to areas of thermal refugia and decreased agonistic activity when ambient temperatures approached the species critical thermal maximum. However, even at thermally stressful temperatures, all fish still vacated the area of thermal refuge and spent extended time foraging. This finding suggests that individuals frequently leave thermal refugia to seek additional resources, and that the location of a refuge within the larger habitat mosaic may regulate the ability of the refuge to increase population survival during periods of thermal stress. It also suggests that larger individuals may be the most susceptible to the negative consequences of stream temperature rise, possibly due to increased metabolic rates at higher temperatures. My fourth chapter focused on individual response to disturbance and investigates the influence of personality on spatial learning ability. While the prevalence of individual behavioral phenotypes herein personality has been well documented in the literature, the ecological significance of personality has been underexplored. In this chapter, I showed that fish with bolder personality types have reduced spatial learning capacity in a laboratory environment. In particular, I demonstrated that bold individuals were less successful at finding a hidden food source in a maze staged with spatial cues. This finding suggests that personality may modulate how individuals respond to environmental stochasticity, with some being more prone to move to new locations following a disturbance and others more likely to stay in a localized area and use spatial cues to adopt new strategies for microhabitat use. Understanding and predicting adaptive capacity requires a better understanding of individual-level properties and phenotype-by-environment interactions that contribute to eco-evolutionary dynamics. I provided quantitative tools that can be used to help understand patterns of population connectivity, which can be informative for understanding population vulnerability and predicting the radiation of adaptive regions of the genome. I also highlighted the significance of individual-level phenotypic diversity when predicting how populations will respond to future disturbance and the importance of considering interspecific diversity in conservation actions.
Book Synopsis Neutral and Adaptive Drivers of Genomic Change in Introduced Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Populations Revealed by Pooled Whole-genome Re-sequencing by : Brent Brookes
Download or read book Neutral and Adaptive Drivers of Genomic Change in Introduced Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) Populations Revealed by Pooled Whole-genome Re-sequencing written by Brent Brookes and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Understanding the drivers of successful species invasions is important for conserving native biodiversity and for mitigating the economic impacts of introduced species. However, whole genome resolution investigations of the underlying contributions of neutral and adaptive genetic variation to successful colonization in introduced populations are rare. Increased propagule pressure should result in greater neutral genetic variation, while environmental differences should elicit selective pressures on introduced populations, potentially supporting greater adaptive genetic variation. We investigated neutral and adaptive variation among nine introduced brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) populations using whole-genome sequencing (28,490,618 SNPs based on pool-seq). The populations inhabit different, isolated lakes in western Canada and descend from a common source, with an average of ~19 (range of 7-41) generations since introduction. We found no evidence of bottleneck events nor strong evidence of purifying selection, and little support that varying propagule pressure or differences in local environments shaped neutral genetic variation. Putative outlier analysis revealed non-convergent patterns of adaptive differentiation among lakes with minimal outlier loci (0.001%-0.15%) which did not correspond with tested environmental variables, despite conditions that should facilitate stronger adaptive differentiation (e.g. abiotic and biotic environmental differences, propagule pressure differences). Our whole genome sequencing analysis provides an example of an introduction success not strongly influenced by genetic variation and suggests that observed differentiation among introduced salmonid populations can be idiosyncratic, population-specific, or stochastic.
Book Synopsis Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) in a Remote Adirondack Watershed by : Spencer Bruce
Download or read book Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) in a Remote Adirondack Watershed written by Spencer Bruce and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Introduction to Conservation Genetics by : Richard Frankham
Download or read book Introduction to Conservation Genetics written by Richard Frankham and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-01-28 with total page 1225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This impressive author team brings the wealth of advances in conservation genetics into the new edition of this introductory text, including new chapters on population genomics and genetic issues in introduced and invasive species. They continue the strong learning features for students - main points in the margin, chapter summaries, vital support with the mathematics, and further reading - and now guide the reader to software and databases. Many new references reflect the expansion of this field. With examples from mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, amphibians, plants and invertebrates, this is an ideal introduction to conservation genetics for a broad audience. The text tackles the quantitative aspects of conservation genetics, and has a host of pedagogy to support students learning the numerical side of the subject. Combined with being up-to-date, its user-friendly writing style and first-class illustration programme forms a robust teaching package.
Book Synopsis Conservation Genetics and Metapopulation Structure of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) in Nipigon Bay (Lake Superior, Ontario) by : Silvia D'Amelio
Download or read book Conservation Genetics and Metapopulation Structure of Brook Trout (Salvelinus Fontinalis) in Nipigon Bay (Lake Superior, Ontario) written by Silvia D'Amelio and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
