Inventing Atmospheric Science

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Inventing Atmospheric Science

Author : James Rodger Fleming
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262033941
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (62 download)

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Book Synopsis Inventing Atmospheric Science by : James Rodger Fleming

Download or read book Inventing Atmospheric Science written by James Rodger Fleming and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-02-05 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "This big picture history of atmospheric research examines the first six decades of the twentieth century, from the dawn of applied fluid dynamics to the emergence, by 1960, of the interdisciplinary atmospheric sciences. Using newly available archival sources, it documents the work of three interconnected generations of scientists: Vilhelm Bjerknes, Carl-Gustaf Rossby, and Harry Wexler, whose aspirations were fueled by new theoretical insights, pressing societal needs, and expanded technological capabilities. Radio, radar, aviation, nuclear tracers, digital computing, sounding rockets, and satellites provided new ways to measure and study the global atmosphere -- a huge and dauntingly complex system. Bjerknes brought us a fundamental circulation theorem and founded the Bergen school of weather forecasting; Rossby established the graduate schools of meteorology at M.I.T., Chicago, and Stockholm, which focused on upper-air dynamics and, after 1947, on atmospheric environmental issues; and Wexler brought all the new technologies into the U.S. Weather Bureau and, with his colleague Jule Charney, prepared the foundations for the emergence of the interdisciplinary atmospheric sciences. This history weaves together cold war studies, military history, the rise of government research and development, and aviation and aeronautics with a nascent global awareness. It is a fascinating history of something we all experience--the weather --told through compelling historical characters"--Provided by publisher.

Inventing Atmospheric Science

Author : James Rodger Fleming
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262334526
Total Pages : 307 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (623 download)

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Book Synopsis Inventing Atmospheric Science by : James Rodger Fleming

Download or read book Inventing Atmospheric Science written by James Rodger Fleming and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2016-02-10 with total page 307 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: How scientists used transformative new technologies to understand the complexities of weather and the atmosphere, told through the intertwined careers of three key figures. “The goal of meteorology is to portray everything atmospheric, everywhere, always,” declared John Bellamy and Harry Wexler in 1960, soon after the successful launch of TIROS 1, the first weather satellite. Throughout the twentieth century, meteorological researchers have had global ambitions, incorporating technological advances into their scientific study as they worked to link theory with practice. Wireless telegraphy, radio, aviation, nuclear tracers, rockets, digital computers, and Earth-orbiting satellites opened up entirely new research horizons for meteorologists. In this book, James Fleming charts the emergence of the interdisciplinary field of atmospheric science through the lives and careers of three key figures: Vilhelm Bjerknes (1862–1951), Carl-Gustaf Rossby (1898–1957), and Harry Wexler (1911–1962). In the early twentieth century, Bjerknes worked to put meteorology on solid observational and theoretical foundations. His younger colleague, the innovative and influential Rossby, built the first graduate program in meteorology (at MIT), trained aviation cadets during World War II, and was a pioneer in numerical weather prediction and atmospheric chemistry. Wexler, one of Rossby's best students, became head of research at the U.S. Weather Bureau, where he developed new technologies from radar and rockets to computers and satellites, conducted research on the Antarctic ice sheet, and established carbon dioxide measurements at the Mauna Loa Observatory in Hawaii. He was also the first meteorologist to fly into a hurricane—an experience he chose never to repeat. Fleming maps both the ambitions of an evolving field and the constraints that checked them—war, bureaucracy, economic downturns, and, most important, the ultimate realization (prompted by the formulation of chaos theory in the 1960s by Edward Lorenz) that perfectly accurate measurements and forecasts would never be possible.

Fixing the Sky

Author : James Rodger Fleming
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231144121
Total Pages : 346 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (311 download)

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Book Synopsis Fixing the Sky by : James Rodger Fleming

Download or read book Fixing the Sky written by James Rodger Fleming and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2010-08-13 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Weaving together stories from elite science, cutting-edge technology, and popular culture, Fleming examines issues of health and navigation in the 1830s, drought in the 1890s, aircraft safety in the 1930s, and world conflict since the 1940s.

Weathering the Storm

Author : James Fleming
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1935704052
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (357 download)

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Book Synopsis Weathering the Storm by : James Fleming

Download or read book Weathering the Storm written by James Fleming and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-03-30 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book presents the memoirs of Sverre Pettersen, prominent leader in the field of meteorology. Delving through his recollections of his childhood in Norway, education and work at the famous Bergen school of Meteorology to the World War II crisis and D-Day, Petterssen uncovers the history of meteorology, documenting it from his perspective. Meteorology today is the beneficiary of his work.

The Weather Experiment

Author : Peter Moore
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 0865478090
Total Pages : 417 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (654 download)

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Book Synopsis The Weather Experiment by : Peter Moore

Download or read book The Weather Experiment written by Peter Moore and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2015-06-02 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A history of weather forecasting, and an animated portrait of the nineteenth-century pioneers who made it possible By the 1800s, a century of feverish discovery had launched the major branches of science. Physics, chemistry, biology, geology, and astronomy made the natural world explicable through experiment, observation, and categorization. And yet one scientific field remained in its infancy. Despite millennia of observation, mankind still had no understanding of the forces behind the weather. A century after the death of Newton, the laws that governed the heavens were entirely unknown, and weather forecasting was the stuff of folklore and superstition. Peter Moore's The Weather Experiment is the account of a group of naturalists, engineers, and artists who conquered the elements. It describes their travels and experiments, their breakthroughs and bankruptcies, with picaresque vigor. It takes readers from Irish bogs to a thunderstorm in Guanabara Bay to the basket of a hydrogen balloon 8,500 feet over Paris. And it captures the particular bent of mind—combining the Romantic love of Nature and the Enlightenment love of Reason—that allowed humanity to finally decipher the skies.

Meteorology in America, 1800-1870

Author : James Rodger Fleming
Publisher : Johns Hopkins University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780801863592
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (635 download)

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Book Synopsis Meteorology in America, 1800-1870 by : James Rodger Fleming

Download or read book Meteorology in America, 1800-1870 written by James Rodger Fleming and published by Johns Hopkins University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-01 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Between 1800 and 1870 meteorology emerged as both a legitimate science and a government service in America. Challenging the widely held assumption that meteorologists were mere "data-gatherers" and that U.S. scientists were inferior to their European counterparts, James Rodger Fleming shows how the 1840s debate over the nature and causes of storms led to a "meteorological crusade" that would transform both theory and practice. Centrally located administrators organized hundreds of widely dispersed volunteer and military observers into systematic projects that covered the entire nation. Theorists then used these systems to "observe" weather patterns over large areas, making possible for the first time the compilation of accurate weather charts and maps. When in 1870 Congress created a federal storm-warning service under the U.S. Army Signal Office, the era of amateur scientists, volunteer observers, and adhoc organizations came to an end. But the gains had been significant, including advances in natural history and medical geography, and in understanding the general circulation of the earth's atmosphere.

Historical Perspectives on Climate Change

Author : James Rodger Fleming
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199885095
Total Pages : 208 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Historical Perspectives on Climate Change by : James Rodger Fleming

Download or read book Historical Perspectives on Climate Change written by James Rodger Fleming and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-07-14 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This intriguing volume provides a thorough examination of the historical roots of global climate change as a field of inquiry, from the Enlightenment to the late twentieth century. Based on primary and archival sources, the book is filled with interesting perspectives on what people have understood, experienced, and feared about the climate and its changes in the past. Chapters explore climate and culture in Enlightenment thought; climate debates in early America; the development of international networks of observation; the scientific transformation of climate discourse; and early contributions to understanding terrestrial temperature changes, infrared radiation, and the carbon dioxide theory of climate. But perhaps most important, this book shows what a study of the past has to offer the interdisciplinary investigation of current environmental problems.

The Invention of Clouds

Author : Richard Hamblyn
Publisher : Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 9780312420017
Total Pages : 306 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (2 download)

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Book Synopsis The Invention of Clouds by : Richard Hamblyn

Download or read book The Invention of Clouds written by Richard Hamblyn and published by Macmillan. This book was released on 2002-08-03 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Presents the story of Luke Howard, an ameteur meterologist, and his groundbreaking work that began with naming and classifying clouds.

Globalizing Polar Science

Author : R. Launius
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 0230114652
Total Pages : 471 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Globalizing Polar Science by : R. Launius

Download or read book Globalizing Polar Science written by R. Launius and published by Springer. This book was released on 2010-11-22 with total page 471 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The International Polar Years and the International Geophysical Year represented a remarkable international collaborative scientific effort that has been largely neglected by historians. This groundbreaking collection seeks to redress that neglect and illuminate critical aspects of the last 150 years of international scientific endeavour.

The Weather Machine

Author : Andrew Blum
Publisher : HarperCollins
ISBN 13 : 1443438618
Total Pages : 256 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (434 download)

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Book Synopsis The Weather Machine by : Andrew Blum

Download or read book The Weather Machine written by Andrew Blum and published by HarperCollins. This book was released on 2019-06-25 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: From the acclaimed author of Tubes, a lively and surprising tour through the global network that predicts our weather, the people behind it, and what it reveals about our climate and our planet The weather is the foundation of our daily lives. It’s a staple of small talk, the app on our smartphones, and often the first thing we check each morning. Yet, behind all these humble interactions is the largest and most elaborate piece of infrastructure human beings have ever constructed—a triumph of both science and global cooperation. But what is the weather machine, and who created it? In The Weather Machine, Andrew Blum takes readers on a fascinating journey through the people, places, and tools of forecasting, exploring how the weather went from something we simply observed to something we could actually predict. As he travels across the planet, he visits some of the oldest and most important weather stations and watches the newest satellites blast off. He explores the dogged efforts of forecasters to create a supercomputer model of the atmosphere, while trying to grasp the ongoing relevance of TV weather forecasters. In the increasingly unpredictable world of climate change, correctly understanding the weather is vital. Written with the sharp wit and infectious curiosity Andrew Blum is known for, The Weather Machine pulls back the curtain on a universal part of our everyday lives, illuminating our changing relationships with technology, the planet, and our global community.

Toxic Airs

Author : James Rodger Fleming
Publisher : University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN 13 : 0822979527
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (229 download)

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Book Synopsis Toxic Airs by : James Rodger Fleming

Download or read book Toxic Airs written by James Rodger Fleming and published by University of Pittsburgh Press. This book was released on 2014-03-23 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Toxic Airs brings together historians of medicine, environmental historians, historians of science and technology, and interdisciplinary scholars to address atmospheric issues on a spectrum of scales from body to place to planet. The chapters analyze airborne and atmospheric threats posed to humans, and contributors demonstrate how conceptions of toxicity have evolved and how humans have both created and mitigated toxins in the air. Specific topics discussed include medieval beliefs in the pestilent breath of witches, malarial theory in India, domestic and military use of tear gas, Gulf War Syndrome, Los Angeles smog, automotive emissions control, the epidemiological effects of air pollution, transboundary air pollution, ozone depletion, the contributions of contemporary artists to climate awareness, and the toxic history of carbon “die”-oxide. Overall, the essays provide a wide-ranging historical study of interest to students and scholars of many disciplines.

Atmospheric Science at NASA

Author : Erik M. Conway
Publisher : JHU Press
ISBN 13 : 1421401630
Total Pages : 416 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (214 download)

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Book Synopsis Atmospheric Science at NASA by : Erik M. Conway

Download or read book Atmospheric Science at NASA written by Erik M. Conway and published by JHU Press. This book was released on 2008-12-08 with total page 416 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Honorable Mention, 2008 ASLI Choice Awards. Atmospheric Science Librarians International This book offers an informed and revealing account of NASA’s involvement in the scientific understanding of the Earth’s atmosphere. Since the nineteenth century, scientists have attempted to understand the complex processes of the Earth’s atmosphere and the weather created within it. This effort has evolved with the development of new technologies—from the first instrument-equipped weather balloons to multibillion-dollar meteorological satellite and planetary science programs. Erik M. Conway chronicles the history of atmospheric science at NASA, tracing the story from its beginnings in 1958, the International Geophysical Year, through to the present, focusing on NASA’s programs and research in meteorology, stratospheric ozone depletion, and planetary climates and global warming. But the story is not only a scientific one. NASA’s researchers operated within an often politically contentious environment. Although environmental issues garnered strong public and political support in the 1970s, the following decades saw increased opposition to environmentalism as a threat to free market capitalism. Atmospheric Science at NASA critically examines this politically controversial science, dissecting the often convoluted roles, motives, and relationships of the various institutional actors involved—among them NASA, congressional appropriation committees, government weather and climate bureaus, and the military.

The Invention of Clouds

Author : Richard Hamblyn
Publisher : Pan Macmillan
ISBN 13 : 033053730X
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (35 download)

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Book Synopsis The Invention of Clouds by : Richard Hamblyn

Download or read book The Invention of Clouds written by Richard Hamblyn and published by Pan Macmillan. This book was released on 2011-02-28 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An extraordinary yet little-known scientific advance occurred in the opening years of the nineteenth century when a young amateur meteorologist, Luke Howard, gave the clouds the names by which they are known to this day. By creating a language to define structures that had, up to then, been considered random and unknowable, Howard revolutionized the science of meteorology and earned the admiration of his leading contemporaries in art, literature and science. Richard Hamblyn charts Howard’s life from obscurity to international fame, and back to obscurity once more. He recreates the period’s intoxicating atmosphere of scientific discovery, and shows how this provided inspiration for figures such as Goethe, Shelley and Constable. Offering rich insights into the nature of celebrity, the close relationship between the sciences and the arts, and the excitement generated by new ideas, The Invention of Clouds is an enthralling work of social and scientific history.

Cool It

Author : Bjorn Lomborg
Publisher : Vintage
ISBN 13 : 0307267792
Total Pages : 272 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (72 download)

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Book Synopsis Cool It by : Bjorn Lomborg

Download or read book Cool It written by Bjorn Lomborg and published by Vintage. This book was released on 2007-09-11 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bjorn Lomborg argues that many of the elaborate and staggeringly expensive actions now being considered to meet the challenges of global warming ultimately will have little impact on the world’s temperature. He suggests that rather than focusing on ineffective solutions that will cost us trillions of dollars over the coming decades, we should be looking for smarter, more cost-effective approaches (such as massively increasing our commitment to green energy R&D) that will allow us to deal not only with climate change but also with other pressing global concerns, such as malaria and HIV/AIDS. And he considers why and how this debate has fostered an atmosphere in which dissenters are immediately demonized.

Reginald Sutcliffe and the Invention of Modern Weather Systems Science

Author : Jonathan E. Martin
Publisher : Purdue University Press
ISBN 13 : 1612496377
Total Pages : 439 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (124 download)

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Book Synopsis Reginald Sutcliffe and the Invention of Modern Weather Systems Science by : Jonathan E. Martin

Download or read book Reginald Sutcliffe and the Invention of Modern Weather Systems Science written by Jonathan E. Martin and published by Purdue University Press. This book was released on 2021-03-15 with total page 439 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite being perhaps the foremost British meteorologist of the twentieth century, Reginald Sutcliffe has been understudied and underappreciated. His impact continues to this day every time you check the weather forecast. Reginald Sutcliffe and the Invention of Modern Weather Systems Science not only details Sutcliffe’s life and ideas, but it also illuminates the impact of social movements and the larger forces that propelled him on his consequential trajectory. Less than a century ago, a forecast of the weather tomorrow was considered a practical impossibility. This book makes the case that three important advances guided the development of modern dynamic meteorology, which led directly to the astounding progress in weather forecasting—and that Sutcliffe was the pioneer in all three of these foundational developments: the application of the quasi-geostrophic simplification to the equations governing atmospheric behavior, adoption of pressure as the vertical coordinate in analysis, and development of a diagnostic equation for vertical air motions. Shining a light on Sutcliffe’s life and work will, hopefully, inspire a renewed appreciation for the human dimension in scientific progress and the rich legacy bequeathed to societies wise enough to fully embrace investments in education and basic research. As climate change continues to grow more dire, modern extensions of Sutcliffe’s innovations increasingly offer some of the best tools we have for peering into the long-term future of our environment.

Inventing Temperature

Author : Hasok Chang
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199883696
Total Pages : 304 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (998 download)

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Book Synopsis Inventing Temperature by : Hasok Chang

Download or read book Inventing Temperature written by Hasok Chang and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2004-08-05 with total page 304 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is temperature, and how can we measure it correctly? These may seem like simple questions, but the most renowned scientists struggled with them throughout the 18th and 19th centuries. In Inventing Temperature, Chang examines how scientists first created thermometers; how they measured temperature beyond the reach of standard thermometers; and how they managed to assess the reliability and accuracy of these instruments without a circular reliance on the instruments themselves. In a discussion that brings together the history of science with the philosophy of science, Chang presents the simple eet challenging epistemic and technical questions about these instruments, and the complex web of abstract philosophical issues surrounding them. Chang's book shows that many items of knowledge that we take for granted now are in fact spectacular achievements, obtained only after a great deal of innovative thinking, painstaking experiments, bold conjectures, and controversy. Lurking behind these achievements are some very important philosophical questions about how and when people accept the authority of science.

Firmament

Author : Simon Clark
Publisher : Hodder & Stoughton
ISBN 13 : 1529362296
Total Pages : 253 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (293 download)

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Book Synopsis Firmament by : Simon Clark

Download or read book Firmament written by Simon Clark and published by Hodder & Stoughton. This book was released on 2022-01-27 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Compelling . . . Clark's enthusiasm shines through on every page' Sunday Times 'An engaging and lively history' Financial Times __________ A thin, invisible layer of air surrounds the Earth, sustaining all known life on the planet and creating the unique climates and weather patterns that make each part of the world different. In Firmament, atmospheric scientist and science communicator Simon Clark offers a rare and accessible tour of the ins and outs of the atmosphere and how we know what we know about it. From the workings of its different layers to why carbon dioxide is special, from pioneers like Pascal to the unsung heroes working in the field to help us understand climate change, Firmament introduces us to an oft-overlooked area of science and not only lays the ground work for us to better understand the debates surrounding the climate today, but also provides a glimpse of the future that is possible with this knowledge in hand. __________