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Introduction To Supercritical Fluid Extraction
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Book Synopsis Supercritical Fluid Extraction by : Mark A. McHugh
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Extraction written by Mark A. McHugh and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 1986 with total page 528 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical Fluid Extraction is a technique in which CO2 is used under extremely high pressure to separate solutions. Separations is basic to all process industries & supercritical fluid extraction is a specific type which is receiving a high level of attention, The book will combine basic fundamentals with industrial applications.
Book Synopsis Analysis with Supercritical Fluids: Extraction and Chromatography by : Bernd Wenclawiak
Download or read book Analysis with Supercritical Fluids: Extraction and Chromatography written by Bernd Wenclawiak and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The use of supercritical fluids in analytical chemistry is still grow ing. More and more analysts are discovering the favorable advan tages for a number of applications. Especially supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) has attracted a lot of interest in recent years due to its simplicity. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) has become better established and the development of this technique has been accelerated by the many applications with capillary col umns which have been published in the literature. At first SFC equipment was based on instruments commonly used for liquid chromatography, and the first commercial in struments were derived from this technology. However, capillary columns can be much more easily interfaced to gas chromatogra phy equipment especially to the detectors commonly used for Oc. Many stationary phases both for packed micro columns and capillary columns have been designed for SFC purposes extending this technology to LC and OC. The most common fluid applied in SFC and SFE is carbon dioxide. The advantages of supercritical CO , such as having dif 2 fusivity like a gas and solvating power depending on temperature and pressure, are also valid for other fluids and modified fluids. Both properties are valuable for sample extraction and extraction selectivity.
Book Synopsis Supercritical Fluid Extraction and its Use in Chromatographic Sample Preparation by : S.A. Westwood
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Extraction and its Use in Chromatographic Sample Preparation written by S.A. Westwood and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: by Professor D. E. Games, Mass Spectrometry Research Unit, University College of Swansea Sample preparation can be viewed as occupying a Cinderella role in analytical science. However, the quality of sample preparation plays a key role in high In the past decade, there has been quality analysis and deserves higher stature. considerable interest in the use of supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) as an alternative to conventional procedures for the preparation of samples for ana lysis. The driving force for this development is the need for automated, sim pler, faster, non-destructive and selective methods for extraction, preferably using non-toxic extraction media which are easily disposed of. Utilization of supercritical fluids for extraction fulfils these requirements because of their unique physical chemical properties and usually low toxicity. Selectivity can be achieved by suitable selection of pressure (density), temperature and modi fier conditions which enable solvating power to be varied. The high diffusivity of supercritical fluids provides rapid sample penetration and extraction. Use of fluids with low critical temperatures enables extraction to be conducted under mild thermal conditions ensuring that thermally labile compounds do not decompose. The technique can be used off-line, and the extracts analysed by appropriate techniques, or it can be used on-line, by coupling with a variety of chromatographic techniques. These can then, if necessary, be coupled fur ther with spectroscopic techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared, ultra violet or mass spectrometry, to provide specific identification or structural information.
Download or read book Gas Extraction written by Gerd Brunner and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Application of compressed gases as solvents has found widespread interest within the scientific community. Its processes have industrial applications. Gas Extraction deals with the possibilities of supercritical gases as solvents for separation processes. The volume combines physico-chemical aspects with chemical engineering methods. The text generalizes as far as possible, and treats examples in detail. Gas Extraction covers, for the first time, the subject in textbook form. Most of the examples provide new results that will be helpful for practicing scientists, engineers, and students who want to make use of the techniques.
Download or read book Supercritical Fluids written by E. Kiran and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 602 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical fluids are neither gas nor liquid, but can be compressed gradually from low to high density and they are therefore interesting and important as tunable solvents and reaction media in the chemical process industry. By adjusting the density the properties of these fluids can be customised and manipulated for a given process - physical or chemical transformation. Separation and processing using supercritical solvents such as CO2 are currently on-line commercially in the food, essential oils and polymer industries. Many agencies and industries are considering the use of supercritical water for waste remediation. Supercritical fluid chromatography represents another, major analytical application. Significant advances have recently been made in materials processing, ranging from particle formation to the creation of porous materials. The chapters in this book provide tutorial accounts of topical areas centred around: (1) phase equilibria, thermodynamics and equations of state; (2) critical behaviour, crossover effects; (3) transport and interfacial properties; (4) molecular modelling, computer simulation; (5) reactions, spectroscopy; (6) phase separation kinetics; (7) extractions; (8) applications to polymers, pharmaceuticals, natural materials and chromatography; (9) process scale-up.
Book Synopsis Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Industrial Analysis by : J.R. Dean
Download or read book Applications of Supercritical Fluids in Industrial Analysis written by J.R. Dean and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 238 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The continued search for rapid, efficient and cost-effective means of analytical measurement has introduced supercritical fluids into the field of analytical chemistry. Two areas are common: supercritical fluid chroma tography and supercritical fluid extraction. Both seek to exploit the unique properties of a gas at temperatures and pressures above the critical point. The most common supercritical fluid is carbon dioxide, employed because of its low critical temperature (31 °C), inertness, purity, non-toxicity and cheapness. Alternative supercritical fluids are also used and often in conjunction with modifiers. The combined gas-like mass transfer and liquid-like solvating characteristics have been used for improved chroma tographic separation and faster sample preparation. Supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC) is complementary to gas chro matography ( GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), providing higher efficiency than HPLC, together with the ability to analyse thermally labile and high molecular weight analytes. Both packed and open tubular columns can be employed, providing the capability to analyse a wide range of sample types. In addition, flame ionization detection can be used, thus providing 'universal' detection.
Book Synopsis Sample Preparation in Chromatography by : S.C. Moldoveanu
Download or read book Sample Preparation in Chromatography written by S.C. Moldoveanu and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2002-05-08 with total page 949 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sample preparation is an essential step in many analyses. This book approaches the topic of sample preparation in chromatography in a methodical way, viewing it as a logical connection between sample collection and analytical chromatography. Providing a guide for choosing the appropriate sample preparation for a given analysis, this book describes various ways to process the sample, explaining the principle, discussing the advantages and disadvantages, describing the applicability to different types of samples, and showing the fitness to specific chromatographic determinations. The first part of the book contains an overview of sample preparation showing its relation to sample collection and to the core chromatographic analysis. The second part covers procedures that do not use chemical modifications of the analyte and includes methods for sample dissolution, concentration and cleanup designed mainly for modifying the initial matrix of the sample. This part starts with conventional separations such as filtration and distillation and finishes with more advanced techniques such as solid phase extraction and electroseparations. The third part gives a description of the chemical modifications that can be performed on a sample either for fractionation purposes or to improve a specific property of the analyte. This part includes derivatizations, polymer chemical degradations, and pyrolysis.
Book Synopsis Introduction to Supercritical Fluid Extraction by : Larry T. Taylor
Download or read book Introduction to Supercritical Fluid Extraction written by Larry T. Taylor and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Supercritical Fluid Extraction by : Mark McHugh
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Extraction written by Mark McHugh and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 523 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Supercritical Fluid Extraction is a technique in which CO2 is used under extremely high pressure to separate solution (e.g., removing caffeine from coffee). Separations is basic to all process industries and supercritical fluid extraction is a specific type which is receiving a high level of attention. The book will combine basic fundamentals with industrial applications. The second edition has been expanded and updated and includes new chapters on chromatography and food processing. "...this is an excellent book which is both instructive and amusing to read. Its true value is neatly summarised in one of the closing sentences: 'We have supplied you with the guidelines and criteria which you can now apply when considering supercritical fluids for your own needs.'' - Chemistry in Britain, February 1995
Book Synopsis The Application of Green Solvents in Separation Processes by : Francisco Pena-Pereira
Download or read book The Application of Green Solvents in Separation Processes written by Francisco Pena-Pereira and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2017-02-28 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Application of Green Solvents in Separation Processes features a logical progression of a wide range of topics and methods, beginning with an overview of green solvents, covering everything from water and organic solvents, to ionic liquids, switchable solvents, eutectic mixtures, supercritical fluids, gas-expanded solvents, and more. In addition, the book outlines green extraction techniques, such as green membrane extraction, ultrasound-assisted extraction, and surfactant-mediated extraction techniques. Green sampling and sample preparation techniques are then explored, followed by green analytical separations, including green gas and liquid capillary chromatography, counter current chromatography, supercritical fluid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and other electrical separations. Applications of green chemistry techniques that are relevant for a broad range of scientific and technological areas are covered, including the benefits and challenges associated with their application. Provides insights into recent advances in greener extraction and separation processes Gives an understanding of alternatives to harmful solvents commonly used in extraction and separation processes, as well as advanced techniques for such processes Written by a multidisciplinary group of internationally recognized scientists
Book Synopsis Introduction to Supercritical Fluids by : Richard Smith
Download or read book Introduction to Supercritical Fluids written by Richard Smith and published by Newnes. This book was released on 2013-12-08 with total page 764 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text provides an introduction to supercritical fluids with easy-to-use Excel spreadsheets suitable for both specialized-discipline (chemistry or chemical engineering student) and mixed-discipline (engineering/economic student) classes. Each chapter contains worked examples, tip boxes and end-of-the-chapter problems and projects. Part I covers web-based chemical information resources, applications and simplified theory presented in a way that allows students of all disciplines to delve into the properties of supercritical fluids and to design energy, extraction and materials formation systems for real-world processes that use supercritical water or supercritical carbon dioxide. Part II takes a practical approach and addresses the thermodynamic framework, equations of state, fluid phase equilibria, heat and mass transfer, chemical equilibria and reaction kinetics of supercritical fluids. Spreadsheets are arranged as Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) functions and macros that are completely (source code) accessible for students who have interest in developing their own programs. Programming is not required to solve problems or to complete projects in the text. Property worksheets/spreadsheets that are easy to use in learning environments Worked examples with Excel VBA Worksheet functions allow users to design their own processes Fluid phase equilibria and chemical equilibria worksheets allow users to change conditions, study new solutes, co-solvents, chemical systems or reactions
Book Synopsis Natural Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide by : Mamata Mukhopadhyay
Download or read book Natural Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide written by Mamata Mukhopadhyay and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2000-06-27 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Synthesizing research from a wide variety of sources, this work offers a convenient guide to a clean, safe, inexpensive, non-toxic, non-polluting solvent that performs better than most conventional solvents. Natural Extracts Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide reviews recent developments in the technology and its applications to the food, flavor, fragrance, and pharmaceutical industries. It outlines the many advantages that this method has over traditional methods like steam distillation, solvent extraction, and molecular distillation, and it supports the popular trend toward the use of natural products in these industries.
Book Synopsis Natural Bioactive Compounds by : Rajeshwar P. Sinha
Download or read book Natural Bioactive Compounds written by Rajeshwar P. Sinha and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 502 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Natural Bioactive Compounds: Technological Advancements deals with the latest breakthroughs in the field of screening, characterization and novel applications of natural bioactive compounds from diverse group of organisms ranging from bacteria, viruses, cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, bryophytes, higher plants, sponges, corals and fishes. Written by some of the most reputed scientists in the field, this book introduces the reader to strategies and methods in the search for bioactive natural products. It is an essential read for researchers and students interested in bioactive natural products, their biological and pharmacological properties, their possible use as chemopreventive or chemotherapeutic agents, and other future potential applications. Explores natural sources of bioactive compounds, including cyanobacteria, bacteria, viruses, fungi and higher plants Discusses the potential applications of biological products, such as their use in medicine (antibiotics, cancer research, immunology), as food additives, supplements and technological substances Analyzes the contributions of emerging or developing technologies for the study of bioactive natural compounds (characterization and purification)
Author :Maria D. Luque de Castro Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642786731 Total Pages :332 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (427 download)
Book Synopsis Analytical Supercritical Fluid Extraction by : Maria D. Luque de Castro
Download or read book Analytical Supercritical Fluid Extraction written by Maria D. Luque de Castro and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent advances in analytical chemistry have turned it into a virtually unrecognizable science compared to a few decades ago, when it lagged behind other sciences and techniques. However, advances in analytical science have been far from universal: while innovations in instrumentation and data acquisition and processing systems have reached unprecedented levels thanks to parallel breakthroughs in computer science and chemo metrics, progress in preliminary operations has been much slower despite their importance to analytical results. Thus, such clear trends in analytical process development as automation and miniaturization have not reached preliminary operations to the same extent, even though this area is pro bably in the greatest need. Improvement in preliminary operations is thus an urgent goal of analytical chemistry on the verge of the twenty first century. Increased R&D endeavours and manufacture of commercially available automatic equipment for implementation of the wide variety of operations that separate the uncollected, unmeasured, untreated sample from the signal measuring step are thus crucial on account of the wide variability of such operations, which precludes development of all-purpose equipment, and the complexity of some, particularly relating to solid samples. Supercritical fluid extraction opens up interesting prospects in this context and is no doubt an effective approach to automatioI1 and mini aturization in the preliminary steps of the analytical process. The dramatic developments achieved in its short life are atypical in many respects.
Book Synopsis Supercritical Fluid Methods and Protocols by : John R. Williams
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Methods and Protocols written by John R. Williams and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-05 with total page 253 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the last 15 years, there has been renewed interest in supercritical fluids owing to their unique properties and relatively low environmental impact. Greatest attention has been given to the extraction and separation of organic compounds. Supercritical fluids have also been successfully used for particle production, as reaction media, and for the destruction of toxic waste. Supercritical carbon dioxide has been the most widely used supercritical fluid, mainly because it is cheap, relatively nontoxic, and has convenient critical values. Supercritical fluids have also been used on analytical and preparative scales for many biological and other applications. Many papers have been published on the use of supercritical fluids. However, few have acted as a detailed instruction manual for those wanting to use the techniques for the first time. We anticipate that this Methods in Biotechnology volume, Supercritical Fluid Methods and Protocols will s- isfy the need for such a book. Every chapter has been written by experienced workers and should, if closely followed, enable workers with some or no previous experience of supercritical fluids to conduct experiments successfully at the first attempt.
Book Synopsis Encapsulations by : Alexandru Grumezescu
Download or read book Encapsulations written by Alexandru Grumezescu and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-09-08 with total page 924 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encapsulations, a volume in the Nanotechnology in the Agri-Food Industry series,presents key elements in establishing food quality through the improvement of food flavor and aroma. The major benefits of nanoencapsulation for food ingredients include improvement in bioavailability of flavor and aroma ingredients, improvement in solubility of poor water-soluble ingredients, higher ingredient retention during production process, higher activity levels of encapsulated ingredients, improved shelf life, and controlled release of flavor and aroma. This volume discusses main nanoencapsulation processes such as spray drying, melt injection, extrusion, coacervation, and emulsification. The materials used in nanoencapsulation include lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, cellulose, gums, and food grade polymers. Applications and benefits of nanoencapsulation such as controlled release, protections, and taste masking will be explained in detail. Includes the most up-to-date information on nanoencapsulation and nanocontainer-based delivery of antimicrobials Presents nanomaterials for innovation based on scientific advancements in the field Provides control release strategies to enhance bioactivity, including methods and techniques for research and innovation Provides useful tools to improve the delivery of bioactive molecules and living cells into foods
Book Synopsis Supercritical Fluid Extraction by : Jason Lindy
Download or read book Supercritical Fluid Extraction written by Jason Lindy and published by . This book was released on 2014-01-12 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The technology of application of fluids in the supercritical state is a viable option and a high quality scientific method for obtaining materials, insulation, and extractions among other situations in which it may be applied yielding a high quality material. Due to its wide range of application, it has been extensively used to investigate different raw materials focusing on obtaining high quality products and applicability in various industrial segments. Its use has been mentioned in several studies as a high-quality and efficient technology for obtaining high-value added products. This book discusses the technology used in supercritical fluid extraction, as well as its applications and limitations.
