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Book Synopsis Intracellular Signaling Networks Regulate Host-cell Responses to Coxsackievirus B3 Infection by : Farshid Sadeghi Garmaroudi
Download or read book Intracellular Signaling Networks Regulate Host-cell Responses to Coxsackievirus B3 Infection written by Farshid Sadeghi Garmaroudi and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Host Intracellular Signaling Networks are Perturbed During Bacterial Infection by : Andrew Neely Hotson
Download or read book Host Intracellular Signaling Networks are Perturbed During Bacterial Infection written by Andrew Neely Hotson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The immune response to a pathogen is a complex interplay between host factors aimed to eradicate the pathogen, and microbe virulence proteins designed to subvert the host. To successfully combat a pathogen, the host must identify the insult and activate an immune response tailored to eliminate the specific microbe. This entails cell signaling at the level of innate immunity to detect the pathogen and mount an immediate non-specific response, while also communicating to bystander cells to shape the scope of the adaptive arm of immunity. The work herein investigates how the intracellular signaling network is activated and perturbed across cell types and hematopoietic tissues during bacterial infection. An introductory background on the current knowledge in the field of immune signaling is provided in chapter 1. Antigen presenting cells detect pathogenic motifs via pattern recognition receptors including toll-like receptors. This triggers an intracellular signaling cascade with specific transcriptional consequences, including the production of cytokines. In turn, these cytokines alert additional cell types to activate specific signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) transcription factor family members. Thus, detection of a microbe initiates rapid signaling across leukocytes to set the stage for the immune response. Chapter 2 focuses on cell signaling experiments in a murine model for the onset of sepsis. Mice were acutely challenged with avirulent E. coli and Listeria monocytogenes to study the host response without pathogenic manipulation of host signaling by bacterial virulence factors. Bacterial challenge causes macrophages and dendritic cells to become attenuated in their ability to respond to TLR agonists, a hallmark of endotoxin tolerance. Also, it induces global dampening of the STAT response to cytokines across all cell types; splenocytes from challenged mice poorly respond to cytokine stimulation. Cytokines secreted by antigen presenting cells act on bystander cells and induced negative feedback, including SOCS expression and receptor endocytosis that prevent further STAT activation. Thus, bacterial recognition causes host immune activation followed by subsequent suppression of signaling. The work in chapter 3 transitions to a model of chronic infection with pathogenic Salmonella typhimurium. In addition to examining the innate response, this model enables investigation of adaptive immunity by monitoring the activation of T cells, their cytokine response profile, and TH-biasing by the transcription factors they express and cytokines they produce. During chronic infection, B cells and effector T cells undergo expansion but not contraction over the first 30 days, demonstrating that the immune system establishes a new equilibrium. However, the degree of cell expansion, as well as the ability of these cells to respond to cytokine, is quite variable across mice. These mice also have varied levels of bacterial burden, and the shape of the immune response denotes disease severity. High bacterial load is associated with trademarks of innate immunity such as elevated neutrophil numbers, serum cytokine levels, and the dampened STAT signaling observed during bacterial challenge in chapter 2. In contrast, the mice that control infection are enriched for markers of adaptive T cell immunity: high numbers of TH1 effector T cells, T cell proliferation, ability to respond to cytokines, and fewer regulatory T cells. Therefore, a strong adaptive response is correlated with containing the infection, while an innate response is indicative of high bacterial levels. This thesis concludes in chapter 4, with a discussion of how the findings fit in the context of cell signaling in other disease states. Leukemia and lymphomas, diseases of uncontained cell growth, are characterized by hyperactive cell signaling. In contrast, an activated immune response, such as during auto-immunity or in cancer infiltrating T cells, is marked by repressed ability to respond to cytokines. As inhibited cytokine responses were also observed during bacterial challenge and during severe chronic infection, it appears that a commonality amongst disease that activate an immune response is negative feedback to dampen further signaling and restrict inflammation.
Book Synopsis The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier by : Wei Zheng
Download or read book The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier written by Wei Zheng and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-03-30 with total page 668 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Despite the existence of two barrier systems in the brain, research over the last century has mostly focused on the blood-brain barrier rather than on the blood-CSF barrier. Today, there is a greater understanding of the function of the blood-CSF barrier and of the choroid plexus, a tissue that is the primary site of this barrier. With the growing number of studies that focus on the role of the blood-CSF barrier in CNS homeostasis and neurological disorders, a modern overview of the blood-CSF barrier is long overdue. The Blood-Cerebrospinal Fluid Barrier is exclusively devoted to the blood-CSF barrier. Internationally renowned experts discuss the most recent progress in the field of choroid plexus physiology and update our knowledge of the function of the blood-CSF barrier. The book begins with an overview of the development and morphology of the choroid plexus, and then covers various aspects of its function, such as the regulation of choroidal blood flow, ion transport, and the production and transport of polypeptides. Following an extensive section on the role of the choroid plexus in CNS disorders, the final section discusses in vitro, in vivo, and in situ models of the blood-CSF barrier. This unique book analyzes a wealth of new research on the proven and potential roles of the choroid plexus/blood-CSF barrier in the brain. It is a valuable resource that will foster future studies in neuroscience, pharmacology, and toxicology.
Book Synopsis Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System in Health and Disease by : Ashok K. Srivastava
Download or read book Signal Transduction in the Cardiovascular System in Health and Disease written by Ashok K. Srivastava and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-09-20 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular System Health and Disease highlights the major contributions of different signaling systems in modulating normal cardiovascular functions and how a perturbation in these signaling events leads to abnormal cell functions and cardiovascular disorders. This title is volume 3 in the new Springer series, Advances in Biochemistry in Health and Disease.
Book Synopsis Global host proteomic responses to virus infection by : Kevin Coombs
Download or read book Global host proteomic responses to virus infection written by Kevin Coombs and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of virology has seen explosive growth in the past few decades. A large amount of effort has gone into successfully delineating virus evolution, genetic diversity, immunology, pathogenesis, structure, vaccine development, viral gene expression and genomic replication strategies. In addition, considerable recent work has been focusing on cellular responses to infection as well as how viruses may induce transformation and oncogenesis. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites and thus absolutely dependent upon host cells. Not surprisingly, they often cause profound changes in cells, including apoptosis, death and signalling, to name a few perturbations. Thus, the molecular signals for how viruses induce pathophysiological alterations in their hosts have been of growing recent interest. Cellular and organismal responses, such as those induced by virus infection, are invariably mediated by changes in gene and protein expression and modification. Thus, there has been keen interest in understanding how gene and protein expressions and modifications are quantitatively and qualitatively affected by such challenges. From a historical perspective, most early work that examined host protein responses to virus infection employed “biased” approaches, in which investigators targeted a limited number, or only one cellular molecule of interest. Completion of many organisms’ genome sequences has allowed the global “non-biased” simultaneous analysis of the entire repertoire of cellular mRNA species, the transcriptome, by gene micro-arrays. This has provided significant information about how cellular gene expressions are altered by virus-induced perturbations, but has not provided as much information about the encoded proteins. This results for several reasons, including, but not limited to the fact that gene expression levels cannot accurately predict protein expression levels, nor the types and extent of post-translational modifications, many genes encode multiple proteins through splice variants, and protein activity may be affected by a large number of conditions, including phosphorylation. Recent technological and bioinformatic approaches make it now possible to begin to extend similar global analyses to probe the cellular proteome, the repertoire of the actual effector molecules. One general strategy has been to take advantage of improved separations technologies, as well as greatly improved mass spectrometry resolution, to quantitatively or comparatively measure hundreds or thousands of proteins. Proteins from multiple conditions (i.e., mock-infected and infected) may be differentially labelled by various techniques, such as 2D-DIGE, ICAT, iTRAQ, SILAC, with 18O during peptide preparation, and/or by various other methods, and then compared to measure comparative alterations in the levels of proteins induced by the virus infection. Such analyses have also been extended by using “label-free” methods for more efficient multiplexing applications, and/or by examining specific protein modifications. In addition, concerted efforts to raise antibodies against all cellular proteins have resulted in the development of “antibody arrays,” which are also generally used for quantitative or comparative assays. Finally, while assays, such as the above, are generally limited to delineating the absolute amount of specific proteins, newer technologies have been developed that allow the simultaneous probing of hundreds of proteins’ functions. Assays, such as “Activity Based Protein Profiling”, are designed to probe enzymatic activity, with current focus on broad-spectrum proteases and other enzymatic classes. This Research Topic will provide an overview of many of these methods, as well as numerous specific examples of each approach, and how they are used to better delineate the ways viruses affect cellular responses during infection.
Book Synopsis Host And Pathogen Mechanisms Underpinning Viral Ecology And Emerging Infections by : Declan C. Schroeder
Download or read book Host And Pathogen Mechanisms Underpinning Viral Ecology And Emerging Infections written by Declan C. Schroeder and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-02-24 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Group B Coxsackieviruses by : Steven Tracy
Download or read book Group B Coxsackieviruses written by Steven Tracy and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-13 with total page 349 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At last – a volume that virologists have been waiting for: a fully updated new edition of a major study in a key subject area. The first edition of this work, published in 1997, described the molecular biology of coxsackie B viruses, as well as clinical, epidemiological, and immunological aspects of group B coxsackievirus disease. This brand new edition covers all the research accomplishments of the last ten years in this vital area of medicine, including immunopathology.
Book Synopsis The Charnolosome as a Novel Nanothereranostic Biomarker by : Sushil Sharma
Download or read book The Charnolosome as a Novel Nanothereranostic Biomarker written by Sushil Sharma and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2024-09-30 with total page 970 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Charnolosome as a Novel Nanothereranostic Biomarker: Overcoming Future Challenges in Medicine provides an overview of the charnolosome and its potential as a biomarker of cell injury. Based on the author's original discovery of the charnoly body in the developing, undernourished rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons, this book delves into the potential for utilizing this mitochondria and lysosomal-derived intracellular organelle as a nanotheranostic biomarker to prevent and cure various diseases. The book discusses the cellular, molecular, genetic, and epigenetic mechanisms of charnolosomes and charnolosome-derived nano-vesicles. It also investigates the molecular mechanisms underlying auto-inflammatory, autoimmune, and infectious diseases resulting from their compromised mitochondrial bioenergetics, and the potential use of the charnolosome in preventing and curing such conditions. - Shares the latest knowledge on the charnolosome and charnolosome-derived nano-vesicles and their significance at a cellular and molecular level - Considers the charnolosome in relation to a range of conditions, including neurodegenerative, metabolic, and multi-drug resistant systemic diseases - Presents future perspectives of the charnolosome in personalized nanotheranostics
Book Synopsis Molecular Virology by : Susanne Modrow
Download or read book Molecular Virology written by Susanne Modrow and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-09-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book gives a comprehensive overview on the knowledge of virus infection relevant for humans and animals. For each virus family the molecular details of the virus particle and the viral replication cycle are described. In the case of virus types with relevance for human and/or animal health the data on molecular biology, genetics and virus-cell interaction are combined with those concerning, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinics, prevention and therapy.
Download or read book Myocarditis written by Daniela Cihakova and published by BoD – Books on Demand. This book was released on 2011-10-21 with total page 444 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Myocarditis, the inflammation of the heart muscle, could be in some cases serious and potentially fatal disease. This book is a comprehensive compilation of studies from leading international experts on various aspects of myocarditis. The first section of the book provides a clinical perspective on the disease. It contains comprehensive reviews of the causes of myocarditis, its classification, diagnosis, and treatment. It also includes reviews of Perimyocarditis; Chagas' chronic myocarditis, and myocarditis in HIV-positive patients. The second section of the book focuses on the pathogenesis of myocarditis, discussing pathways and mechanisms activated during viral infection and host immune response during myocarditis. The third, and final, section discusses new findings in the pathogenesis that may lead to new directions for clinical diagnosis, including use of new biomarkers, and new treatments of myocarditis.
Book Synopsis New insights into mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues in fish by : Umasuthan Navaneethaiyer
Download or read book New insights into mucosal-associated lymphoid tissues in fish written by Umasuthan Navaneethaiyer and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-06-01 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Cardiac Pathology by : S. Kim Suvarna
Download or read book Cardiac Pathology written by S. Kim Suvarna and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2019-11-11 with total page 323 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This updated second edition provides a comprehensive overview of cardiac pathology. Clear illustrations of the common styles of dissection are provided along with the normal anatomy and histology. The chapters cover autopsy heart examination, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, sudden death, valvular disease, transplant pathology, cardiomyopathy, cardiac neoplasia and congenital heart disease with a clear analysis of diagnostic criteria (macroscopic, microscopic and genetic) for both common cardiac diseases and those of less common types. The text is accompanied by high quality macroscopic and microscopic images and references to other specialty data sources. Cardiac Pathology: A Guide to Current Practice is aimed at established pathologists and trainees, as well as any clinician with an interest in cardiac disease. It will be of value to those working in cardiac surgery, cardiology and those in the autopsy/forensic fields.
Book Synopsis Global Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Global Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2007-11-11 with total page 284 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Early detection is essential to the control of emerging, reemerging, and novel infectious diseases, whether naturally occurring or intentionally introduced. Containing the spread of such diseases in a profoundly interconnected world requires active vigilance for signs of an outbreak, rapid recognition of its presence, and diagnosis of its microbial cause, in addition to strategies and resources for an appropriate and efficient response. Although these actions are often viewed in terms of human public health, they also challenge the plant and animal health communities. Surveillance, defined as "the continual scrutiny of all aspects of occurrence and spread of a disease that are pertinent to effective control", involves the "systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health data." Disease detection and diagnosis is the act of discovering a novel, emerging, or reemerging disease or disease event and identifying its cause. Diagnosis is "the cornerstone of effective disease control and prevention efforts, including surveillance." Disease surveillance and detection relies heavily on the astute individual: the clinician, veterinarian, plant pathologist, farmer, livestock manager, or agricultural extension agent who notices something unusual, atypical, or suspicious and brings this discovery in a timely way to the attention of an appropriate representative of human public health, veterinary medicine, or agriculture. Most developed countries have the ability to detect and diagnose human, animal, and plant diseases. Global Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection: Assessing the Challenges-Finding Solutions, Workshop Summary is part of a 10 book series and summarizes the recommendations and presentations of the workshop.
Author :Ellie Ehrenfeld Publisher :American Society for Microbiology Press ISBN 13 :1555816037 Total Pages :1039 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (558 download)
Book Synopsis The Picornaviruses by : Ellie Ehrenfeld
Download or read book The Picornaviruses written by Ellie Ehrenfeld and published by American Society for Microbiology Press. This book was released on 2010-09-15 with total page 1039 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A springboard for developing new approaches to understanding, preventing, and treating picornaviral diseases. • Examines the most current breakthroughs as well as the challenges that lie ahead in picornavirus research; encapsulates current knowledge of the molecular biology, evolution, and pathogenesis of this large family of viruses; and, examines the diseases that these viruses cause and the latest vaccines and antiviral drugs to prevent and control those diseases. • Explores the structural and mechanistic bases of picornavirus replication, highlighting new insights about the host cell interactions needed for virus growth; and, illustrates how the regular occurrence of mutations, typical of viruses with RNA as genetic material, generates the quasispecies dynamics that underlie viral fitness. • Focuses on picornaviruses that cause disease, examining pathogenicity and innate and acquired immune responses against infection as well as the latest vaccine and antiviral drug strategies.
Book Synopsis The Viral Evasion of Antiviral Innate Immunity by : Chunfu Zheng
Download or read book The Viral Evasion of Antiviral Innate Immunity written by Chunfu Zheng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-11-01 with total page 820 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Antiviral Strategies by : Hans-Georg Kräusslich
Download or read book Antiviral Strategies written by Hans-Georg Kräusslich and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-12-02 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A crucial issue for antiviral therapy is the fact that all antiviral substances rapidly select for resistance; thus, monitoring and overcoming resistance has become a most important clinical paradigm of antiviral therapy. This calls for cautious use of antiviral drugs and implementation of combination therapies. In parallel, efforts in drug discovery have to be continued to develop compounds with novel mode-of-action and activity against resistant strains. This book reviews the current status of antiviral therapy, from the roads to development of new compounds to their clinical use and cost effectiveness. Individual chapters address in more detail all available drug classes and outline new approaches currently under development.
Book Synopsis Viral Evasion Mechanisms of the Host Response by : Ricardo Martín Gómez
Download or read book Viral Evasion Mechanisms of the Host Response written by Ricardo Martín Gómez and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2020-04-06 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
