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Interspecific Variation In The Movement Of North American Bird Populations In Response To Climate Change
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Book Synopsis Interspecific variation in the movement of North American bird populations in response to climate change by : Emily Brigid Fischer
Download or read book Interspecific variation in the movement of North American bird populations in response to climate change written by Emily Brigid Fischer and published by . This book was released on with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Climate Change on Birds by : Anders Pape Møller
Download or read book Effects of Climate Change on Birds written by Anders Pape Møller and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 2010-08-12 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Effects of Climate Change on Birds provides an exhaustive and up-to-date synthesis of the science of climate change as it relates to birds." -- Back cover.
Download or read book Birds and Climate Change written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-11-13 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Temperature and other climate variables are currently changing at a dramatic rate. As observations have shown, these climatic changes have serious consequences for all organisms and their ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions. Birds are excellent model organisms, with a very active metabolism, they are highly sensitive to environmental changes and as highly mobile creatures they are also extremely reactive. Birds and Climate Change discusses our current knowledge of observed changes and provides guidelines for studies in the years to come so we can document and understand how patterns of changing weather conditions may affect birds. Provides reviews of long-term datasets Incorporates meta-analyses of studies about climate change effects on birds Includes guidelines and suggestions for further studies
Book Synopsis Phenological Synchrony and Bird Migration by : Eric M. Wood
Download or read book Phenological Synchrony and Bird Migration written by Eric M. Wood and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-01-15 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bird migration is a well-researched phenological event. However, few studies in North America have investigated the effects of climate change and extreme weather on the relationships of migratory avian species and their seasonal resources. This is a critical gap in knowledge that limits our ability to prioritize management and conservation applicat
Book Synopsis Birds and Climate Change by : James W. Pearce-Higgins
Download or read book Birds and Climate Change written by James W. Pearce-Higgins and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-12 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A critical synthesis of the impacts of climate change on birds, examining potential future effects and conservation responses.
Book Synopsis Trends and Traditions by : W. David Shuford
Download or read book Trends and Traditions written by W. David Shuford and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 466 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The status of the rich avifauna of western North America is ever changing in response to human influences, geomorphic processes, and natural climatic variation. Documenting and synthesizing the patterns, rate, and causes of these changes is crucial for the conservation of birds in this region, particularly in a time of rapid climate change, expanding human population, and accelerated resource extraction. To that end, a symposium on avifaunal change was held at Western Field Ornithologists' annual conference in San Diego, California, in October 2014, which formed the basis for the current volume. The papers herein emphasize the overarching themes of the effects of extensive habitat loss and degradation on the avifauna of the West in the 19th and 20th centuries and the responses of birds to environmental change and variation. Several papers portray rays of hope, documenting reversals of trends in the loss of some important habitats, the recovery of some avian populations in response to management, and resiliency in other species as they adapt to novel habitats. Others express increasing concern for the potential future effects of a rapidly changing climate. Most emphasize the importance of long-term monitoring of the population trends, distribution, and ecological attributes of the region's birdlife. The geographical representation and bird species or groups covered varies widely. Collectively these papers should aid in the long-term conservation of the region's birdlife.--
Book Synopsis Bird Migration and Global Change by : George W. Cox
Download or read book Bird Migration and Global Change written by George W. Cox and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2010-07-07 with total page 417 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Changes in seasonal movements and population dynamics of migratory birds in response to ongoing changes resulting from global climate changes are a topic of great interest to conservation scientists and birdwatchers around the world. Because of their dependence on specific habitats and resources in different geographic regions at different phases of their annual cycle, migratory species are especially vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. In Bird Migration and Global Change, eminent ecologist George W. Cox brings his extensive experience as a scientist and bird enthusiast to bear in evaluating the capacity of migratory birds to adapt to the challenges of a changing climate. Cox reviews, synthesizes, and interprets recent and emerging science on the subject, beginning with a discussion of climate change and its effect on habitat, and followed by eleven chapters that examine responses of bird types across all regions of the globe. The final four chapters address the evolutionary capacity of birds, and consider how best to shape conservation strategies to protect migratory species in coming decades. The rate of climate change is faster now than at any other moment in recent geological history. How best to manage migratory birds to deal with this challenge is a major conservation issue, and Bird Migration and Global Change is a unique and timely contribution to the literature.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Climate Change on Terrestrial Birds of North America by : David King
Download or read book The Effects of Climate Change on Terrestrial Birds of North America written by David King and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A discussion of avian responses to climate change is of interest for a number of reasons. First, because birds are relatively easy to identify and measure and their responses to environmental perturbation are relatively well known, they are useful as indicators of ecological change (1). Furthermore, birds are of conservation interest in their own right. Bird populations face global conservation challenges, with 1 in 8 species facing a high risk of extinction in the near future according to a recent report (2). Finally, birds perform significant ecosystem services with consequences for human health and well-being, including pest control, sanitation, seed dispersal and pollination (3).
Book Synopsis Global Warming and Population Responses among Great Plains Birds by : Paul Johnsgard
Download or read book Global Warming and Population Responses among Great Plains Birds written by Paul Johnsgard and published by Lulu.com. This book was released on 2015-02-19 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Based on an analysis of 47 years (1967-2014) of Audubon Christmas Bird Counts (CBC), evidence for population changes and shifts in early winter (late December) ranges of nearly 150 species of birds in the Great Plains states is summarized, a region defined as including the Dakotas, Nebraska, Kansas, Oklahoma, and the Texas panhandle. The rationale for this study had its origins in Terry Root's 1988 Atlas of North American Wintering Birds. ... The present analysis includes all of the 40 annual CBC surveys from the 1967-8 to the 2006-7 counts, plus the results of the most recent 2013-14 CBC. The present summary quantitatively describes the early winter abundance for 147 of the most commonly encountered regional species, illustrating their temporal changes in geographic distributions and relative abundance between 1967 and 2014"--Publisher description.
Book Synopsis Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States by : Therese M. Poland
Download or read book Invasive Species in Forests and Rangelands of the United States written by Therese M. Poland and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-02-01 with total page 455 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
Download or read book Avian Migration written by Peter Berthold and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 601 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: P. Berthold and E. Gwinnd Bird migration is an intriguing aspect of the living world - so much so that it has been investigated for as long, and as thoroughly, as almost any other natural phenomenon. Aristotle, who can count as the founder of scientific ornithology, paid very close attention to the migrations of the birds he ob served, but it was not until the reign of Friedrich II, in the first half of the 13th century, that reliable data began to be obtained. From then on, the data base grew rapidly. Systematic studies of bird migration were introduced when the Vogelwarte Rossitten was founded, as the first ornithological biological observation station in the world (see first chapter "In Memory of Vogelwarte Rossitten"). This area later received enormous impetus when ex perimental research on the subject was begun: the large-scale bird-ringing experiment initiated in Rossitten in 1903 by Johannes Thienemann (who was inspired by the pioneering studies of C. C. M. Mortensen), the experiments on photoperiodicity carried out by William Rowan in the 1920s in Canada and retention and release experiments performed by Thienemann in the 1930s in Rossitten, the first experimental study on the orientation of migratory birds. After the Second World War, migration research, while continuing in the previous areas, also expanded into new directions such as radar ornithology, ecophysiology and hormonal control mechanisms, studies of evolution, ge netics, telemetry and others.
Download or read book Flyways written by Arthur S. Hawkins and published by . This book was released on 1984 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Projecting Boreal Bird Responses to Climate Change Considering Uncertainty, Refugia, Vegetation Lags, and Post-glaciation History by : Diana Stralberg
Download or read book Projecting Boreal Bird Responses to Climate Change Considering Uncertainty, Refugia, Vegetation Lags, and Post-glaciation History written by Diana Stralberg and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Often referred to as North America's bird nursery, the boreal forest biome provides a productive environment for breeding birds, supporting high species diversity and bird numbers. These birds are likely to shift their distributions northward in response to rapid climate change over the next century, resulting in population- and community-level changes. To anticipate the pattern and extent of such changes, and to inform climate-change adaptation and conservation planning, species distribution models (SDMs) are often used to describe and map species' climatic niches through time. SDMs provide invaluable insights into climatic suitability patterns and potential distributional responses, but they are most useful when assumptions are acknowledged and the resulting limitations are addressed. Each chapter of my thesis focuses on understanding and addressing one of four major limitations of SDMs: (1) model uncertainty in current and future projections, (2) time lags in ecosystem responses to climate change, (3) the static nature of correlative models, and (4) the influence of historical biogeography in determining current distributions. In my first chapter, using a continental-scale avian dataset compiled by the Boreal Avian Modelling project, I developed models to project climate-induced changes in the distribution and relative abundance of 80 boreal-breeding passerine species. For such projections to be useful, however, the magnitude of change must be understood relative to the magnitude of uncertainty in model predictions. I found that the mean signal-to-noise ratio across species increased over time to 2.87 by the end of the 21st century, with the signal greater than the noise for 88% of species. I also found that, among sources of uncertainty evaluated, the choice of climate model was most important for 66% of species, sampling error for 29% of species, and variable selection for 5% of species. The range of uncertainty exhibited across species and geographic regions suggests a basis for differential quantitative weightings in assessments of species vulnerability and spatial conservation priorities under climate change. Many species and ecosystems will likely be unable to keep pace with rapid climate change projected for the 21st century, however. In my second chapter, I evaluated an underexplored dimension of the mismatch between climate and biota: limitations to forest growth and succession affecting habitat suitability. I found dramatic reductions in suitable habitat for many species over the next century when vegetation lags were considered. I used these results to identify conservative and efficient boreal conservation priorities anchored around climatic macrorefugia that are robust to century-long climate change and complement the current protected areas network. Vegetation change may also be delayed in the absence of disturbance catalysts. In the western boreal region, a combined increase in wildfires and human activities may aid these transitions, also resulting in a younger forest. In my third chapter, I developed a hybrid modelling approach based on topo-edaphically constrained projections of climate-driven vegetation change potential, coupled with weather- and fuel-based simulations of future wildfires, and projections of large-scale industrial development activities, to better understand factors influencing decadal-scale upland vegetation change. I simulated scenarios of change in forest composition and structure over the next century, conservatively concluding that at least one-third of Alberta's upland mixedwood and conifer forest is likely to be replaced by deciduous woodland and grassland by 2090. During this timeframe, the rate of increase in fire probability diminished, suggesting a negative feedback process by which a warmer climate and more extensive near-term fires leads to an increase in deciduous forest that in turn, due to its relatively low flammability, leads to a long-term reduction in area burned. Finally, boreal species' projected range shifts could be impeded by the northwestern cordillera, which spans from boreal Alaska to the rest of the North American boreal region, and may have inhibited the expansion of many species into climatically suitable habitat after the last glacial maximum (LGM). Using paleoclimate simulations for the past 20,000 years, I analyzed the relative importance of migratory and life-history characteristics vs. current and historical climatic suitability on the distributions of North American boreal-breeding species. The high relative importance of climatic suitability within the northwestern cordilleran region suggests a capacity for several species to disperse into Alaska once climatic connectivity is achieved in the future, which is supported by recently recorded signs of breeding activity.
Book Synopsis Does Bergmann's Rule Apply to North American Birds in the Context of Climate Change? by : Peridot Derrin Galloway
Download or read book Does Bergmann's Rule Apply to North American Birds in the Context of Climate Change? written by Peridot Derrin Galloway and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past half century, birds have changed, including in their morphology. Biogeographic rules including Bergmann's and Allen's rules have been used to try to elucidate morphological changes; however, there has been dispute over the rules' applicability. Thus, I aimed to identify 1) morphometric trends over time of 15 North American bird species, including eastern bluebirds (Sialia sialis); 2) if these morphometric trends follow Bergmann's rule; and 3) if the observed morphometric trends are associated with life history and other traits, as well as climatic variables (e.g., average, maximum and minimum temperatures, and total precipitation). Using short- and long-term morphological data, I determined that several species are responding to climate change in accordance with Bergmann's rule; and that morphological changes are associated with lifespan, order, and body size; and associated with average temperature.
Book Synopsis Wildlife Responses to Climate Change by : Stephen H. Schneider
Download or read book Wildlife Responses to Climate Change written by Stephen H. Schneider and published by Island Press. This book was released on 2013-04-10 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Wildlife Responses to Climate Change is the culmination of a three-year project to research and study the impacts of global climate change on ecosystems and individual wildlife species in North America. In 1997, the National Wildlife Federation provided fellowships to eight outstanding graduate students to conduct research on global climate change, and engaged leading climate change experts Stephen H. Schneider and Terry L. Root to advise and guide the project. This book presents the results, with chapters describing groundbreaking original research by some of the brightest young scientists in America. The book presents case studies that examine: ways in which local and regional climate variables affect butterfly populations and habitat ranges how variations in ocean temperatures have affected intertidal marine species the potential effect of reduced snow cover on plants in the Rocky Mountains the potential effects of climate change on the distribution of vegetation in the United States how climate change may increase the susceptibility of ecosystems to invasions of non-native species the potential for environmental change to alter interactions between a variety of organisms in whitebark pine communities of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem Also included are two introductory chapters by Schneider and Root that discuss the rationale behind the project and offer an overview of climate change and its implications for wildlife. Each of the eight case studies provides important information about how biotic systems respond to climatic variables, and how a changing climate may affect biotic systems in the future. They also acknowledge the inherent complexities of problems likely to arise from changes in climate, and demonstrate the types of scientific questions that need to be explored in order to improve our understanding of how climate change and other human disturbances affect wildlife and ecosystems. Wildlife Responses to Climate Change is an important addition to the body of knowledge critical to scientists, resource managers, and policymakers in understanding and shaping solutions to problems caused by climate change. It provides a useful resource for students and scientists studying the effects of climate change on wildlife and will assist resource managers and other wildlife professionals to better understand factors affecting the species they are striving to conserve.
Author :U.S. Global Change Research Program Publisher :Cambridge University Press ISBN 13 :0521144078 Total Pages :193 pages Book Rating :4.5/5 (211 download)
Book Synopsis Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States by : U.S. Global Change Research Program
Download or read book Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States written by U.S. Global Change Research Program and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2009-08-24 with total page 193 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Summarizes the science of climate change and impacts on the United States, for the public and policymakers.
Book Synopsis Multiple Routes to Interspecific Territoriality in Sister Species of North American Songbirds by : Madeline Cowen
Download or read book Multiple Routes to Interspecific Territoriality in Sister Species of North American Songbirds written by Madeline Cowen and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 116 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Behavioral interference between species can influence a wide range of ecological and evolutionary processes. For example, aggressive and reproductive interference can lead to competitive exclusion, facilitate invasions, and limit how species ranges shift in response to climate change. While empirical examples of these diverse outcomes abound, a general understanding of when these behaviors arise is necessary to improve predictions of species coexistence and patterns of biodiversity. One type of behavioral interference, interspecific territoriality, has been found to generate important ecological and evolutionary patterns across numerous taxonomic groups, yet still unknown are the ecological circumstances associated with interspecific territoriality and its likelihood to persist through time. Here I present the first comparative study of interspecific territoriality among all sister species of North American songbirds. I tested core hypotheses regarding the origins and maintenance of interspecific territoriality and evaluated the role of interspecific territoriality and hybridization in shaping species distributions and in determining the likelihood of closely related species transitioning from parapatry to sympatry. To do so, I conducted extensive literature searches to identify sister species pairs that exhibit interspecific territoriality and assessed whether ecological traits and morphological divergence predict interspecific territoriality. Among closely related North American songbirds, interspecific territoriality is pervasive, and interspecifically territorial species pairs have more recently diverged than non-interspecifically territorial pairs. Analysis of the ecological correlates of interspecific territoriality indicates that misdirected intraspecific aggression and resource competition can each lead to interspecific territoriality. These patterns have implications for the ability of species pairs to coexist in sympatry: time since divergence between closely related songbird species does not predict breeding range overlap, nor does interspecific territoriality enable closely related species to transition from parapatric to sympatric distributions. Instead, the combination of interspecific territoriality and hybridization appears to be an unstable state associated with parapatry, whereas species that are interspecifically territorial and do not hybridize are able to achieve fine-scale and coarse-scale breeding range overlap. In sum, these results suggest that interspecific territoriality has multiple ecological origins and that interspecific territoriality and hybridization together can have striking impacts on species ranges. Our work highlights the value of comparative analyses for identifying ecological causes and evolutionary outcomes of this important interspecific behavioral interaction.
