Interpreting Occupied Japan

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New Insights in the History of Interpreting

Author : Kayoko Takeda
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9027267510
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis New Insights in the History of Interpreting by : Kayoko Takeda

Download or read book New Insights in the History of Interpreting written by Kayoko Takeda and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2016-03-10 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Who mediated intercultural exchanges in 9th-century East Asia or in early voyages to the Americas? Did the Soviets or the Americans invent simultaneous interpreting equipment? How did the US government train its first Chinese interpreters? Why is it that Taiwanese interpreters were executed for Japanese war crimes? Bringing together papers from an international symposium held at Rikkyo University in 2014 along with two select pieces, this volume pursues such questions in an eclectic exploration of the practice of interpreting, the recruitment of interpreters, and the challenges interpreters have faced in diplomacy, colonization, religion, war, and occupation. It also introduces innovative use of photography, artifacts, personal journals, and fiction as tools for the historical study of interpreters and interpreting. Targeted at practitioners, scholars, and students of interpreting, translation, and history, the new insights presented in the ten original articles aim to spark discussion and research on the vital roles interpreters have played in intercultural communication through history. Now Open Access as part of the Knowledge Unlatched 2017 Backlist Collection.

Towards an Atlas of the History of Interpreting

Author : Lucía Ruiz Rosendo
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing Company
ISBN 13 : 9027254052
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Towards an Atlas of the History of Interpreting by : Lucía Ruiz Rosendo

Download or read book Towards an Atlas of the History of Interpreting written by Lucía Ruiz Rosendo and published by John Benjamins Publishing Company. This book was released on 2023-02-22 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The aspiration of an Atlas is to cover the whole world, by compiling cartographical material representing territories from across the five continents. This book intends to contribute to that ideally comprehensive, yet always unfinished, Atlas with pieces gathered from all of the Earth’s regions. However, its focus is not so much of a geographical nature (although maps and geographical reflections are not absent in its pages), but of a historical-analytical one. As such, the Atlas engages in the historical analysis of interpreters (of both language and cultures) in multiple interpreting settings and places, including in zones which are less frequently studied in specialized literature, in different historical periods and at various scales. All the interpreters described in the book share the ability to speak two or more languages and to use them as vehicles; otherwise, their individual socio-professional statuses vary so much that there is no similarity between a Venetian dragoman in Istanbul and a prisoner of war, or between a locally-recruited interpreter and a missionary. Each contributor has approached the specific spatial and temporal dimensions of their subject as perceived through their different methodological lenses. This multifaceted perspective, which is expected to provide fertile soil for future interdisciplinary research, has been possible thanks to a balanced combination of scholars from History and from Translation and Interpreting Studies.

Interpreting the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal

Author : Kayoko Takeda
Publisher : University of Ottawa Press
ISBN 13 : 0776619128
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (766 download)

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Book Synopsis Interpreting the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal by : Kayoko Takeda

Download or read book Interpreting the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal written by Kayoko Takeda and published by University of Ottawa Press. This book was released on 2010-11-08 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to ensure its absolute authority, the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal (1946–1948), the Japanese counterpart of the Nuremberg Trial, adopted a three-tier structure for its interpreting: Japanese nationals interpreted the proceedings, second-generation Japanese-Americans monitored the interpreting, and Caucasian U.S. military officers arbitrated the disputes. The first extensive study on the subject in English, this book explores the historical and political contexts of the trial as well as the social and cultural backgrounds of the linguists through trial transcripts in English and Japanese, archival documents and recordings, and interviews with those who were involved in the interpreting. In addition to a detailed account of the interpreting, the book examines the reasons for the three-tier system, how the interpreting procedures were established over the course of the trial, and the unique difficulties faced by the Japanese-American monitors. This original case study of the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal illuminates how complex issues such as trust, power, control and race affect interpreting at international tribunals in times of conflict.

Literacy and Script Reform in Occupation Japan

Author : J. Marshall Unger
Publisher : Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN 13 : 0195101669
Total Pages : 189 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (951 download)

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Book Synopsis Literacy and Script Reform in Occupation Japan by : J. Marshall Unger

Download or read book Literacy and Script Reform in Occupation Japan written by J. Marshall Unger and published by Oxford University Press, USA. This book was released on 1996 with total page 189 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Although the United States Education Mission recommended that the Japanese give serious consideration to the introduction of alphabetic writing, key American officials in the Civil Information and Education Section of GHQ/SCAP delayed and effectively killed action on this recommendation. Japanese advocates of romanization nevertheless managed to obtain CI&E approval for an experiment in elementary schools to test the hypothesis that schoolchildren could make faster progress if spared the necessity of studying Chinese characters as part of non-language courses such as arithmetic. Though not conclusive, the experiment's results supported the hypothesis and suggested the need for more and better testing.

Unconditional Democracy

Author : Toshio Nishi
Publisher : Hoover Press
ISBN 13 : 9780817974428
Total Pages : 418 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (744 download)

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Book Synopsis Unconditional Democracy by : Toshio Nishi

Download or read book Unconditional Democracy written by Toshio Nishi and published by Hoover Press. This book was released on 1982 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The difficult mission of a regime change: Toshio Nishi gives an account of how America converted the Japanese mindset from war to peace following World War II.

Interpreting the Tokyo War Crimes Trial

Author : Kayoko Takeda
Publisher : University of Ottawa Press
ISBN 13 : 0776607294
Total Pages : 192 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (766 download)

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Book Synopsis Interpreting the Tokyo War Crimes Trial by : Kayoko Takeda

Download or read book Interpreting the Tokyo War Crimes Trial written by Kayoko Takeda and published by University of Ottawa Press. This book was released on 2010 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to ensure its absolute authority, the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal (1946-1948), the Japanese counterpart of the Nuremberg Trial, adopted a three-tier structure for its interpreting: Japanese nationals interpreted the proceedings, second-generation Japanese-Americans monitored the interpreting, and Caucasian U.S. military officers arbitrated the disputes. The first extensive study on the subject in English, this book explores the historical and political contexts of the trial as well as the social and cultural backgrounds of the linguists through trial transcripts in English and Japanese, archival documents and recordings, and interviews with those who were involved in the interpreting. In addition to a detailed account of the interpreting, the book examines the reasons for the three-tier system, how the interpreting procedures were established over the course of the trial, and the unique difficulties faced by the Japanese-American monitors. This original case study of the Tokyo War Crimes Tribunal illuminates how complex issues such as trust, power, control and race affect interpreting at international tribunals in times of conflict. Published in English.

Interpreting Conflict

Author : Marija Todorova
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030669092
Total Pages : 324 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (36 download)

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Book Synopsis Interpreting Conflict by : Marija Todorova

Download or read book Interpreting Conflict written by Marija Todorova and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-11 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This edited book examines the role of interpreting in conflict situations, bringing together studies from different international and intercultural contexts, with contributions from military personnel, humanitarian interpreters and activists as well as academics. The authors use case studies to compare relevant notions of interpreting in conflict-related scenarios such as: the positionality of the interpreter, the ethical, emotional and security implications of their work, the specific training needed to carry out work for military and humanitarian organizations, and the relations of power created between the different stakeholders. The book will be of interest to students and scholars of translation and interpreting, conflict and peace studies, as well as conflict resolution and management.

Reforming Public Health in Occupied Japan, 1945-52

Author : Christopher Aldous
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 113649880X
Total Pages : 309 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (364 download)

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Book Synopsis Reforming Public Health in Occupied Japan, 1945-52 by : Christopher Aldous

Download or read book Reforming Public Health in Occupied Japan, 1945-52 written by Christopher Aldous and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2011-12-02 with total page 309 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Whilst most facets of the Occupation of Japan have attracted much scholarly debate in recent decades, this is not the case with reforms relating to public health. The few studies of this subject largely follow the celebratory account of US-inspired advances, strongly associated with Crawford Sams, the key figure in the Occupation charged with carrying them out. This book tests the validity of this dominant narrative, interrogating its chief claims, exploring the influences acting on it, and critically examining the reform’s broader significance for the Occupation and its legacies for both Japan and the US. The book argues that rather than presiding over a revolution in public health, the Public Health and Welfare Section, headed by Sams, recommended methods of epidemic disease control and prevention that were already established in Japan and were not the innovations that they were often claimed to be. Where high incidence of such endemic diseases as dysentery and tuberculosis reflected serious socio-economic problems or deficiencies in sanitary infrastructure, little was done in practice to tackle the fundamental problems of poor water quality, the continued use of night soil as fertilizer and pervasive malnutrition. Improvements in these areas followed the trajectory of recovery, growth and rising prosperity in the 1950s and 1960s. This book will be important reading for anyone studying Japanese History, the History of Medicine, Public Health in Asia and Asian Social Policy.

Interpreters and War Crimes

Author : Kayoko Takeda
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000365220
Total Pages : 134 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Interpreters and War Crimes by : Kayoko Takeda

Download or read book Interpreters and War Crimes written by Kayoko Takeda and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 134 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking an interdisciplinary approach, this book raises new questions and provides different perspectives on the roles, responsibilities, ethics and protection of interpreters in war while investigating the substance and agents of Japanese war crimes and legal aspects of interpreters’ taking part in war crimes. Informed by studies on interpreter ethics in conflict, historical studies of Japanese war crimes and legal discussion on individual liability in war crimes, Takeda provides a detailed description and analysis of the 39 interpreter defendants and interpreters as witnesses of war crimes at British military trials against the Japanese in the aftermath of the Pacific War, and tackles ethical and legal issues of various risks faced by interpreters in violent conflict. The book first discusses the backgrounds, recruitment and wartime activities of the accused interpreters at British military trials in addition to the charges they faced, the defence arguments and the verdicts they received at the trials, with attention to why so many of the accused were Taiwanese and foreign-born Japanese. Takeda provides a contextualized discussion, focusing on the Japanese military’s specific linguistic needs in its occupied areas in Southeast Asia and the attributes of interpreters who could meet such needs. In the theoretical examination of the issues that emerge, the focus is placed on interpreters’ proximity to danger, visibility and perceived authorship of speech, legal responsibility in war crimes and ethical issues in testifying as eyewitnesses of criminal acts in violent hostilities. Takeda critically examines prior literature on the roles of interpreters in conflict and ethical concerns such as interpreter neutrality and confidentiality, drawing on legal discussion of the ineffectiveness of the superior orders defence and modes of individual liability in war crimes. The book seeks to promote intersectoral discussion on how interpreters can be protected from exposure to manifestly unlawful acts such as torture.

Democracy in Occupied Japan

Author : Mark E. Caprio
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1134118619
Total Pages : 501 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis Democracy in Occupied Japan by : Mark E. Caprio

Download or read book Democracy in Occupied Japan written by Mark E. Caprio and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-03-06 with total page 501 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With expert contributions from both the US and Japan, this book examines the legacies of the US Occupation on Japanese politics and society, and discusses the long-term impact of the Occupation on contemporary Japan. Focusing on two central themes – democracy and the interplay of US-initiated reforms and Japan's endogenous drive for democratization and social justice – the contributors address key questions: How did the US authorities and the Japanese people define democracy? To what extent did America impose their notions of democracy on Japan? How far did the Japanese pursue impulses toward reform, rooted in their own history and values? Which reforms were readily accepted and internalized, and which were ultimately subverted by the Japanese as impositions from outside? These questions are tackled by exploring the dynamics of the reform process from the three perspectives of innovation, continuity and compromise, specifically determining the effect that this period made to Japanese social, economic, and political understanding. Critically examines previously unexplored issues that influenced postwar Japan such as the effect of labour and healthcare legislation, textbook revision, and minority policy. Illuminating contemporary Japan, its achievements, its potential and its quandaries, this book will appeal to students and scholars of Japanese-US relations, Japanese history and Japanese politics.

Framing the Interpreter

Author : Anxo Fernandez-Ocampo
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317598261
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (175 download)

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Book Synopsis Framing the Interpreter by : Anxo Fernandez-Ocampo

Download or read book Framing the Interpreter written by Anxo Fernandez-Ocampo and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-11-13 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Situations of conflict offer special insights into the history of the interpreter figure, and specifically the part played in that history by photographic representations of interpreters. This book analyses photo postcards, snapshots and press photos from several historical periods of conflict, associated with different photographic technologies and habits of image consumption: the colonial period, the First and Second World War, and the Cold War. The book’s methodological approach to the "framing" of the interpreter uses tools taken primarily from visual anthropology, sociology and visual syntax to analyse the imagery of the modern era of interpreting. By means of these interpretative frames, the contributions suggest that each culture, subculture or social group constructed its own representation of the interpreter figure through photography. The volume breaks new ground for image-based research in translation studies by examining photographic representations that reveal the interpreter as a socially constructed category. It locates the interpreter’s mediating efforts at the core of the human sciences. This book will be of interest to researchers and advanced students in translation and interpreting studies, as well as to those working in visual studies, photography, anthropology and military/conflict studies.

Japanese War Criminals

Author : Sandra Wilson
Publisher : Columbia University Press
ISBN 13 : 0231542682
Total Pages : 436 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (315 download)

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Book Synopsis Japanese War Criminals by : Sandra Wilson

Download or read book Japanese War Criminals written by Sandra Wilson and published by Columbia University Press. This book was released on 2017-02-14 with total page 436 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning in late 1945, the United States, Britain, China, Australia, France, the Netherlands, and later the Philippines, the Soviet Union, and the People's Republic of China convened national courts to prosecute Japanese military personnel for war crimes. The defendants included ethnic Koreans and Taiwanese who had served with the armed forces as Japanese subjects. In Tokyo, the International Military Tribunal for the Far East tried Japanese leaders. While the fairness of these trials has been a focus for decades, Japanese War Criminals instead argues that the most important issues arose outside the courtroom. What was the legal basis for identifying and detaining subjects, determining who should be prosecuted, collecting evidence, and granting clemency after conviction? The answers to these questions helped set the norms for transitional justice in the postwar era and today contribute to strategies for addressing problematic areas of international law. Examining the complex moral, ethical, legal, and political issues surrounding the Allied prosecution project, from the first investigations during the war to the final release of prisoners in 1958, Japanese War Criminals shows how a simple effort to punish the guilty evolved into a multidimensional struggle that muddied the assignment of criminal responsibility for war crimes. Over time, indignation in Japan over Allied military actions, particularly the deployment of the atomic bombs, eclipsed anger over Japanese atrocities, and, among the Western powers, new Cold War imperatives took hold. This book makes a unique contribution to our understanding of the construction of the postwar international order in Asia and to our comprehension of the difficulties of implementing transitional justice.

The Australian Pursuit of Japanese War Criminals, 1943–1957

Author : Dean Aszkielowicz
Publisher : Hong Kong University Press
ISBN 13 : 9888390724
Total Pages : 179 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (883 download)

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Book Synopsis The Australian Pursuit of Japanese War Criminals, 1943–1957 by : Dean Aszkielowicz

Download or read book The Australian Pursuit of Japanese War Criminals, 1943–1957 written by Dean Aszkielowicz and published by Hong Kong University Press. This book was released on 2017-09-05 with total page 179 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Voices of the Invisible Presence

Author : Kumiko Torikai
Publisher : John Benjamins Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9027224277
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (272 download)

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Book Synopsis Voices of the Invisible Presence by : Kumiko Torikai

Download or read book Voices of the Invisible Presence written by Kumiko Torikai and published by John Benjamins Publishing. This book was released on 2009 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Voices of the Invisible Presence: Diplomatic interpreters in post-World War II Japan" examines the role and the making of interpreters, in the social, political and economic context of postwar Japan, using oral history as a method. The primary questions addressed are what kind of people became interpreters in post-WWII Japan, how they perceived their role as interpreters, and what kind of role they actually played in foreign relations. In search of answers to these questions, the living memories of five prominent interpreters were collected, in the form of life-story interviews, which were then categorized based on Pierre Bourdieu s concept of habitus, field and practice . The experiences of pioneering simultaneous interpreters are analyzed as case studies drawing on Erving Goffman s participation framework and the notion of" kurogo" in Kabuki theatre, leading to the discussion of (in)visibility of interpreters and their perception of language, culture and communication."

The Birth Of Japan's Postwar Constitution

Author : Koseki Shoichi
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 0429976437
Total Pages : 229 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (299 download)

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Book Synopsis The Birth Of Japan's Postwar Constitution by : Koseki Shoichi

Download or read book The Birth Of Japan's Postwar Constitution written by Koseki Shoichi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-02-01 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 1989 Yoshino Sakuzo prize-winning book is essential reading for understanding Japans postwar constitution, political and social history, and foreign policy. In this, the most complete English account of the origins of Japans Constitution, the author presents new interpretations of the behind-the-scenes actors who shaped the Japanese Constitution: the petulant General Douglas MacArthur, Japanese defenders of the conservative order, Japanese liberal and socialist reformers, and moderate Allies sitting on the Far Eastern Commission. }This 1989 Yoshino Sakuzo prize-winning book is essential reading for understanding Japans postwar constitution, political and social history, and foreign policy. The most complete English account of the origins of Japans constitution, it analyzes the dramatic events of 19451946 that lead to the birth of Japans new constitution. Koseki Shoichi challenges t he simplicity of the current interpretation that General Douglas MacArthur in February 1946, faced with inept Japanese efforts at constitutional reform and Soviet interference through the Far Eastern Commission, secretly ordered his staff to write a constitution in seven days and then imposed it on Japan. Differentiating between the adoption procedure and the framing process, the author argues that the latter was varied, complicated, and rich, going beyond the actions of two nations and their representatives. It involved the clash of legal ideas, the conflicting efforts of individuals of different cultures and different political persuasions, and significant contributions by people with no connection to government.Drawing on Japanese, American, and Australian archives as well as recent scholarly research, Koseki presents new and stimulating interpretations of MacArthurs actions, the Ashida amendment of Article 9, Yoshidas role, and much more. Criticizing Japanese conservative defenders of the old order, he explores Japanese liberal and socialist ideas on constitutional reform and reevaluates the Far Eastern Commissions influence on MacArthurs policies and on the shaping of the basic principles of Japans antiwar constitution. }

The Economic and Business History of Occupied Japan

Author : Thomas French
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1317270088
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (172 download)

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Book Synopsis The Economic and Business History of Occupied Japan by : Thomas French

Download or read book The Economic and Business History of Occupied Japan written by Thomas French and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-08-07 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Occupation era (1945-1952) witnessed major change in Japan and the beginnings of its growth from of the ashes of defeat towards its status as a developmental model for much of the world. The period arguably saw the sowing of the seeds of the post-war flowering of what some term the ‘postwar Japanese economic miracle’. However, some scholars dispute this position and argue that the Occupation's policies and impacts actually hindered Japan's recovery. This volume addresses this question and others surrounding the business and economic history of this crucial period. The chapters presented in The Economic and Business History of Occupied Japan are authored by major scholars of the Occupation from the U.S., Japan, and Europe. The chapters are divided into three sections: 'Planning, reform and recovery', 'Industries under the Occupation', and 'Legacies of the Occupation era'. Following an introduction focusing on the historiographical background, the first section examines zaibatsu dissolution and its significance, the role of Japanese businessmen within the Occupation's reforms, the crucial impact of Japan's postwar Materials Crisis, and the impact of reform at the local level in Hokkaidō. Part two looks at a number of individual industries and their development during the era, including the fishing, automotive, and cotton spinning industries. The final section looks at the human impact of the changes of the initial postwar years, including the reintegration of repatriates into the Japanese labour force and the impact of changing working patterns on society and family life. This book covers a key period of the economic and business history of Japan and presents numerous new approaches and original contributions to the scholarship of the Occupation era. It will be of interest to scholars of modern Japan, economic history, business history, development studies and postwar U.S.-Japan relations.

Sanitized Sex

Author : Robert Kramm
Publisher : Univ of California Press
ISBN 13 : 0520295978
Total Pages : 314 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (22 download)

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Book Synopsis Sanitized Sex by : Robert Kramm

Download or read book Sanitized Sex written by Robert Kramm and published by Univ of California Press. This book was released on 2017-10-03 with total page 314 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sanitized Sex analyzes the development of new forms of regulation concerning prostitution, venereal disease, and intimacy during the American occupation of Japan after the Second World War, focusing on the period between 1945 and 1952. It contributes to the cultural and social history of the occupation of Japan by investigating the intersections of ordering principles like race, class, gender, and sexuality. It also reveals how sex and its regulation were not marginal but key issues in the occupation politics and postwar state- and empire-building, U.S.-Japan relations, and American and Japanese self-imagery. An analysis of the “sanitization of sex” uncovers new spatial formations in the postwar period. The regulation of sexual encounters between occupiers and occupied was closely linked to the disintegration of the Japanese empire and the rise of U.S. hegemony in the Asia-Pacific region during the Cold War era. An analysis of the sanitization of sex thus sheds new light on the configuration of postwar Japan, the process of decolonization, the postcolonial formation of the Asia-Pacific region, and the particularities of postwar U.S. imperialism. More than a book about the regulation of sex between occupiers and occupied in postwar Japan, Sanitized Sex offers a reading of the intimacies of empires—defeated and victorious.