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Internal Waves In The Western Arctic Ocean
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Book Synopsis Internal Waves in the Western Arctic Ocean by : Hayley V. Dosser
Download or read book Internal Waves in the Western Arctic Ocean written by Hayley V. Dosser and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The importance of internal waves in the Western Arctic Ocean is assessed using a combination of observations from Ice-Tethered Profilers drifting in the Canada Basin between Fall 2005 and Fall 2014 and numerical simulations of internal wave propagation and stability in measured stratifications typical of the Western Arctic. The Ice-Tethered Profiler dataset provides the first decade-long record, with broad spatial coverage, for the near-inertial internal wave field in the Arctic Ocean. Since the Ice-Tethered Profiler sampling pattern only marginally resolves the near-inertial frequency, complex demodulation is used to estimate wave amplitudes from vertical isopycnal displacements. Using this technique, a seasonal cycle in average near-inertial wave vertical displacement amplitude is identified for the upper ocean. Waves are largest during summer when sea-ice extent and speed are at a minimum, with a second peak in early winter associated with strong storms. Seasonal variations in wave amplitude are connected to changes in sea-ice properties that affect how readily the ice responds to wind forcing. In addition to seasonal variability, near-inertial wave amplitude has a slight increasing trend paralleling the decline in sea-ice extent over the last decade. Variance in the distribution of wave amplitudes doubled between 2005-2007 and 2012-2014, with larger-than-average waves generated more frequently in both summer and winter. Numerical solutions for the vertical structure of internal waves propagating through observed stratification profiles from the Canada Basin indicate that the double-diffusive staircase within the Atlantic Water layer significantly modifies the internal wave field, causing reflection for discrete vertical wavenumber bands and amplifying wave energy at depths where constructive interference occurs. Near-inertial internal waves of average amplitude are predicted to be stable within the Atlantic Water layer, but the fraction of larger-than-average waves that are potentially shear unstable has more than doubled over the last decade. An increase in episodic internal wave mixing events is predicted in the Canada Basin. The internal wave field in the Western Arctic Ocean will likely continue to evolve as sea-ice extent and thickness decline, and multiyear ice is replaced by first-year ice.
Book Synopsis Internal Waves in the Arctic Ocean by : John Ross Yearsley
Download or read book Internal Waves in the Arctic Ocean written by John Ross Yearsley and published by . This book was released on 1966 with total page 71 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A theoretical investigation is made of free internal gravity waves in a rotating fluid. An exponential density profile similar to that of the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean is used. The dispersion relation and eigenfunctions of the vertical amplitude are calculated. An experimental investigation of temperature fluctuations at 60 and 125 meters was conducted at T-3 in the Arctic Ocean. Power spectra of the records show a rapid decrease of power with increasing frequency. (Author).
Book Synopsis Upper Ocean Internal Waves in the Marginal Ice Zone of the Greenland Sea by : Eric Grisier Eckert
Download or read book Upper Ocean Internal Waves in the Marginal Ice Zone of the Greenland Sea written by Eric Grisier Eckert and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 168 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Model of Arctic Ocean Internal Waves Generated by Under-ice Topography by : Cynthia M. Bowline
Download or read book A Model of Arctic Ocean Internal Waves Generated by Under-ice Topography written by Cynthia M. Bowline and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The energy levels of internal waves observed during the Arctic Internal Wave Experiment (AIWEX), conducted from the drifting pack ice in the Beaufort Sea, increased as the speed of the ice drift increased. The possibility of these waves being generated by moving pack ice with a corrugated under-side is explored in this paper. An analytical model of internal waves generated by impulsively moving the ice is used to obtain a frequency spectrum of vertical velocity from two reference frames: one fixed relative to the earth and the other moving with the ice. The velocity signal observed from the ice frame simulates the observations from AIWEX instruments moored to the ice. The ocean is assumed to have a constant buoyancy frequency and a finite depth. The ice is approximated as a sum of discrete sinusoidal plane wave components with infinite horizontal extent. These components are determined from a two-dimensional horizontally isotropic wavenumber spectrum, which was obtained from a one-dimensional spectrum of the Beaufort Sea pack ice using the inverse Abet transform. The vertical velocity response of the water particles to the movement of the ice is found as a function of time since initial ice acceleration. The spectrum of the velocity signal, observed over a finite time and averaged over the ocean volume, is compared to velocity spectra from AIWEX observations. Surprisingly the observed spectral shape resembles the modelled spectrum from the fixed frame rather than the ice frame. The discrepancy in the spectral shapes may be due to the non-constant Doppler-shift of the AIWEX observations caused by the changing speed of the ice drift. The model also predicts a more energetic response than was observed; the discrepancy in energy levels may be explained by including a mixed layer in the model.
Book Synopsis The Drift of Sea Ice by : Matti Leppäranta
Download or read book The Drift of Sea Ice written by Matti Leppäranta and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-03-22 with total page 370 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Second Edition of The Drift of Sea Ice presents the fundamental laws of sea ice drift which come from the material properties of sea ice and the basic laws of mechanics. The resulting system of equations is analysed for the general properties of sea ice drift, the free drift model and analytical models for ice drift in the presence of internal friction, and the construction of numerical ice drift models is detailed. This second edition of a much lauded work, unique on this topic in the English language, has been revised, updated and expanded with much new information and outlines recent results, in particular in relation to the climate problem, mathematical modelling and ice engineering applications. The current book presents the theory, observations, mathematical modelling techniques, and applications of sea ice drift science. The theory is presented from the beginning on a graduate student level, so that students and researchers coming from other fields such as physical oceanography, meteorology, physics, engineering, environmental sciences or geography can use the book as a source book or self-study material. First the drift ice material is presented ending with the concept of ‘ice state’ – the relevant properties in sea ice dynamics. Ice kinematics observations are widely presented with the mathematical analysis methods, and thereafter come drift ice rheology – to close the triangle material – kinematics – stress. The momentum equation of sea ice is derived in detail and its general properties are carefully analysed. Then follow two chapters on analytical models: free drift and drift in the presence of internal friction: These are very important tools in understanding the dynamical behaviour of sea ice. The last topical chapter is numerical models, which are the modern tool to solve ice dynamics problem in short term and long term problems. The closing chapter summarises sea ice dynamics applications and the need of sea ice dynamic knowledge and gives some final remarks on the future of this branch of science.
Download or read book Ocean Mixing written by Michael Meredith and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2021-09-16 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ocean Mixing: Drivers, Mechanisms and Impacts presents a broad panorama of one of the most rapidly-developing areas of marine science. It highlights the state-of-the-art concerning knowledge of the causes of ocean mixing, and a perspective on the implications for ocean circulation, climate, biogeochemistry and the marine ecosystem. This edited volume places a particular emphasis on elucidating the key future questions relating to ocean mixing, and emerging ideas and activities to address them, including innovative technology developments and advances in methodology. Ocean Mixing is a key reference for those entering the field, and for those seeking a comprehensive overview of how the key current issues are being addressed and what the priorities for future research are. Each chapter is written by established leaders in ocean mixing research; the volume is thus suitable for those seeking specific detailed information on sub-topics, as well as those seeking a broad synopsis of current understanding. It provides useful ammunition for those pursuing funding for specific future research campaigns, by being an authoritative source concerning key scientific goals in the short, medium and long term. Additionally, the chapters contain bespoke and informative graphics that can be used in teaching and science communication to convey the complex concepts and phenomena in easily accessible ways. - Presents a coherent overview of the state-of-the-art research concerning ocean mixing - Provides an in-depth discussion of how ocean mixing impacts all scales of the planetary system - Includes elucidation of the grand challenges in ocean mixing, and how they might be addressed
Download or read book Arctic Oceanography written by and published by American Geophysical Union. This book was released on 1995 with total page 289 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Investigation of the Arctic Internal Wave Field. Small-Scale Processes in the Arctic Ocean and Sub-Arctic Seas by :
Download or read book Investigation of the Arctic Internal Wave Field. Small-Scale Processes in the Arctic Ocean and Sub-Arctic Seas written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 7 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The unprecedented subsurface velocity record from the AEDB as it drifted from the Nansen Basin, over the Yermak Plateau, and into the Greenland Sea provided new insights into the high latitude internal wave field. Plueddemann (1992) showed that the wave field over the Yermak Plateau was dominated by near inertial wave groups generated at or near the bottom and propagating upwards. The energy level and spectral slope in the internal wave band over the ice covered plateau were similar to those expected for mid-latitudes, and represented a jump in energy of about a factor of 2.5 from the nearby Nansen Basin. The magnitudes of the observed upward energy fluxes were as large as the downward fluxes typically found at mid-latitude. Thus, it appears that considering the nature of the high latitude internal wave spectrum to be governed by the properties of the ice cover or the distance into the pack ice is insufficient since strong bottom sources of internal waves may be present in regions with relatively shallow variable topography.
Book Synopsis The Ocean in Motion by : Manuel G. Velarde
Download or read book The Ocean in Motion written by Manuel G. Velarde and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-03-28 with total page 610 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book commemorates the 70th birthday of Eugene Morozov, the noted Russian observational oceanographer. It contains many contributions reflecting his fields of interest, including but not limited to tidal internal waves, ocean circulation, deep ocean currents, and Arctic oceanography. Special attention is paid to studies on internal waves and especially those on tidal internal waves in the Global Ocean. These papers describe the most important open problems concerning experimental studies of internal waves and their theoretical, numerical, and laboratory modeling. Further contributions investigate the physics of surface waves and their interaction with internal waves. Here, the focus is on describing interaction processes between internal waves and deep currents in the ocean, especially currents of Antarctic Bottom Water in abyssal fractures. They also touch on the problem of oceanic circulation and related processes in fjords, including those occurring under sea ice. Given its breadth of coverage, the book will appeal to anyone interested in a survey of ocean dynamics, ranging from historic perspectives to modern research topics.
Download or read book Ocean Mixing written by Michael C. Gregg and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-02-04 with total page 385 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The stratified ocean mixes episodically in small patches where energy is dissipated and density smoothed over scales of centimeters. The net effect of these countless events effects the shape of the ocean's thermocline, how heat is transported from the sea surface to the interior, and how dense bottom water is lifted into the global overturning circulation. This book explores the primary factors affecting mixing, beginning with the thermodynamics of seawater, how they vary in the ocean and how they depend on the physical properties of seawater. Turbulence and double diffusion are then discussed, which determines how mixing evolves and the different impacts it has on velocity, temperature, and salinity. It reviews insights from both laboratory studies and numerical modelling, emphasising the assumptions and limitations of these methods. This is an excellent reference for researchers and graduate students working to advance our understanding of mixing, including oceanographers, atmospheric scientists and limnologists.
Book Synopsis On the Generation and Directional Recording of Waves in the Arctic Ocean by : Leonard A. LeSchack
Download or read book On the Generation and Directional Recording of Waves in the Arctic Ocean written by Leonard A. LeSchack and published by . This book was released on 1965 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An experiment to investigate the directional nature and the possible generation mechanisms for waves on the Arctic Ocean, an ocean almost entirely covered with sea ice, is described. The waves under consideration have periods between 10 and 100 seconds and amplitudes between 0.001 and 2.0 centimeters. In the present work an array of two continuously recording gravimeters 1,240 meters apart was established at drift station ARLIS II. Observed waves with distinct periods were associated with a storm over Siberia. A continuously recording microbarograph sensitive to atmospheric micropressure oscillations in the 10- to 100-second period range was also installed at ARLIS II. Distinct oscillations were observed in this period range having amplitude of from 20 to 400 dynes/sq cm. Power spectra of micropressure records made before, during, and after a storm show that oscillation amplitude is proportional to the period of the oscillation and speed of local winds. Cross correlation between the micropressure records and wave records taken with a gravimeter at the same location as the microbarograph shows a positive correlation between the micropressure waves and the ocean waves. This correlation appears to vary with the direction of the local surface wind. These micropressure waves contained sufficient force to bend the ice and generate the observed water waves. (Author).
Book Synopsis Microstructure Observations of Mixing and Turbulent Heat Fluxes in the Western Arctic Ocean by : Elizabeth Coombs Fine
Download or read book Microstructure Observations of Mixing and Turbulent Heat Fluxes in the Western Arctic Ocean written by Elizabeth Coombs Fine and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 127 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Arctic Ocean is characterized by a halocline rather than a thermocline, so that fresh water is found at the surface, with saltier (and often warmer) water beneath. In the western Arctic, the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans provide sources of oceanic heat. The year-round Pacific Summer Water (PSW) temperature maximum is found 40-80 m beneath the sea surface, while Atlantic Water (AW) is generally found deeper than 200 m. Both the Atlantic and Pacific source waters are warming, and the heat content of PSW has nearly doubled over the last three decades. The broad goals of this disseration are to identify the processes that regulate the release of heat out of these two water masses, to quantify the heat transported upwards where it may affect sea ice, and to understand how these processes may evolve in a changing Arctic Ocean. Microstructure data collected during the 2015 ArcticMix and 2018 Stratified Ocean Dynamics of the Arctic (SODA) process cruises provide a unique opportunity to observe the small-scale mixing associated with subsurface heat in the Canada Basin. Multiple processes play a role in setting turbulence rates in the western Arctic. Widespread double diffusive convection results in small upwards heat fluxes out of the AW. We investigate the possible influence of observed wind-generated near-inertial internal waves on AW turbulent heat fluxes and find that the impact is minimal, with AW heat fluxes consistently low due to a number of factors inhibiting the creation and vertical propagation of internal waves. We additionally investigate the relative importance of mixing processes associated with anomalously warm PSW intrusions. We find double diffusive convection results in high upwards heat fluxes out of two separate warm intrusions, one warm-core eddy observed in the 2015, and one slope current intrusion observed in 2018. We document a relationship between the vertical complexity of warm intrusions and the total heat flux out of them, with more complex vertical structure corresponding to increased overall mixing. This relationship is supported by 12 microstructure surveys that sampled PSW conducted across both 2015 and 2018.
Book Synopsis Small Scale Processes in Geophysical Fluid Flows by : Lakshmi H. Kantha
Download or read book Small Scale Processes in Geophysical Fluid Flows written by Lakshmi H. Kantha and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2000-08-07 with total page 921 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While ocean waves are the most visible example of oceanic mixing processes, this macroscale mixing process represents but one end of the spectrum of mixing processes operating in the ocean. At the scale of a typical phytoplanktoic diatom or larval fish inhabiting these seas, the most important mixing processes occur on the molecular scale - at the scale of turbulence. Physical-biological interactions at this scale are of paramount importance to the productivity of the seas (fisheries) and the heat balance that controls large scale ocean climate phenomena such as El Niño and tornadoes. This book grew out of the need for a comprehensive treatment of the diverse elements of geophysical fluid flow at the microscale. Kantha and Clayson have arranged a logial exposition of the various mixing processes operating within and between the oceans and its boundaries with the atmosphere and ocean floor. The authors' intent is to develop a volume that would provide a comprehensive treatment of the fundamental elements of ocean mixing so that students, academics, and professional fluid dynamicists and oceanographers can access this essential information from one source. This volume will serve as both a valuable reference tool for mathematically inclined limnologists, oceanographers and fluid modelers.* Simple models of oceanic and atmospheric boundary layers are discussed* Comprehensive and up-to-date review* Useful for graduate level course* Essential for modeling the oceans and the atmosphere* Color Plates
Book Synopsis Arctic Internal Waves (CEAREX). by :
Download or read book Arctic Internal Waves (CEAREX). written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Nordic Seas by : Burton G. Hurdle
Download or read book The Nordic Seas written by Burton G. Hurdle and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: " ... as soon as one has traversed the greater part of the wild sea, one comes upon such a huge quantity of ice that nowhere in the whole world has the like been known." "This ice is of a wonderful nature. It lies at times quite still, as one would expect, with openings or large fjords in it; but sometimes its movement is so strong and rapid as to equal that of a ship running before the wind, and it drifts against the wind as often as with it." Kongespeilet - 1250 A.D. ("The Mirror of Kings") Modern societies require increasing amounts influence on the water mass and on the resulting of scientific information about the environment total environment of the region; therefore, cer tain of its characteristics will necessarily be in whieh they live and work. For the seas this information must describe the air above the sea, included.
Book Synopsis Pressure Ridge Generated Internal Wave Wakes at the Base of the Mixed Layer in the Arctic Ocean by : Fred Alan Rigby
Download or read book Pressure Ridge Generated Internal Wave Wakes at the Base of the Mixed Layer in the Arctic Ocean written by Fred Alan Rigby and published by . This book was released on 1976 with total page 70 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Oscillations of the Ice Cover Excited by Internal Waves of the Arctic Ocean (Kolebaniya Ledyanogo Pokrova, Obuslovlennyye Vnutrennimi Volnami Ledovitogo Okeana). by : V. N. Smirnov
Download or read book Oscillations of the Ice Cover Excited by Internal Waves of the Arctic Ocean (Kolebaniya Ledyanogo Pokrova, Obuslovlennyye Vnutrennimi Volnami Ledovitogo Okeana). written by V. N. Smirnov and published by . This book was released on 1977 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In 1970 tiltmeters installed on Drift Station North Pole 20 recorded oscillations of the ice cover with periods of up to 25 minutes. Preliminary results of the investigation indicate that these oscillations are excited by internal waves generated in the highly stratified waters of the Arctic Ocean Basin. (Author).
