Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Download Interest Rates Credit And Economic Adjustment In Nicaragua full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Interest Rates Credit And Economic Adjustment In Nicaragua ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Author : Ulrich Lächler
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Interest Rates, Credit and Economic Adjustment in Nicaragua written by Ulrich Lächler and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ulrich Lächler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)
Download or read book Interest Rates, Credit, and Economic Adjustment in Nicaragua written by Ulrich Lächler and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Ulrich Lächler
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Interest Rates, Credit, and Economic Adjustment in Nicaragua written by Ulrich Lächler and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1995 Nicaragua's dollar-equivalent and real interest rates are not unusually high by regional standards. A sustained reduction of interest rates below the regional average may be possible, but would require further major structural reform. The high commercial lending rates Nicaragua is currently experiencing, together with a perceived scarcity of credit, have often been blamed for the country's slow growth and have been considered a major failing of the adjustment program initiated in 1991. Lächler suggests that such blame is largely misplaced. Current interest rates are indeed higher than historical levels or international benchmark rates (such as LIBOR or the U.S. treasury bill rate), but those are not the appropriate comparators for Nicaragua today. On the other hand, Nicaragua's real interest rates have risen significantly in recent years and currently exceed real rates in other Central American countries. These high real rates are attributable entirely to a real currency depreciation that has been taking place since 1992, and are not greatly different from rates observed in other Latin American countries that underwent similar adjustments. Lächler explains the link between real interest rates and adjustment in Nicaragua and, in that context, explores policy options for reducing interest rates. His main conclusion: A sustained reduction in real interest rates to below those observed in neighboring countries would require further major structural changes, such as the adoption of a foreign currency standard. This paper -- a product of the Country Operations Division, Country Department II, Latin America and the Caribbean Region -- is a self-standing report prepared as a contribution to the Bank's ongoing policy dialogue with Nicaragua on important economic issues facing the country.
Author : Mr.Emre Alper
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498317693
Total Pages : 21 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)
Download or read book Do Interest Rate Controls Work? Evidence from Kenya written by Mr.Emre Alper and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper reviews the impact of interest rate controls in Kenya, introduced in September 2016. The intent of the controls was to reduce the cost of borrowing, expand access to credit, and increase the return on savings. However, we find that the law on interest rate controls has had the opposite effect of what was intended. Specifically, it has led to a collapse of credit to micro, small, and medium enterprises; shrinking of the loan book of the small banks; and reduced financial intermediation. We also show that interest rate caps reduced the signaling effects of monetary policy. These suggest that (i) the adverse effects could largely be avoided if the ceiling was high enough to facilitate lending to higher risk borrowers; and (ii) alternative policies could be preferable to address concerns about the high cost of credit.
Author : Rose J. Spalding
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000535428
Total Pages : 268 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (5 download)
Download or read book The Political Economy of Revolutionary Nicaragua written by Rose J. Spalding and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2022-02-06 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, first published in 1987, is a solid, analytical exploration of the complex dynamics of the revolutionary economic transformation from 1979 to 1986. This collection of eleven essays provides a clear picture of the goals, internal debates, external influences and shifting policy decisions which affected the efforts of the Sandinista government. They help to clarify the dynamics between soaring food prices and falling wages, and explain the complex relationship between the private sector and the state. They also document the policies of the Reagan administration toward the Sandinista government.
Author : Ms. Carmen Reinhart
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1498338380
Total Pages : 47 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (983 download)
Download or read book The Liquidation of Government Debt written by Ms. Carmen Reinhart and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2015-01-21 with total page 47 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: High public debt often produces the drama of default and restructuring. But debt is also reduced through financial repression, a tax on bondholders and savers via negative or belowmarket real interest rates. After WWII, capital controls and regulatory restrictions created a captive audience for government debt, limiting tax-base erosion. Financial repression is most successful in liquidating debt when accompanied by inflation. For the advanced economies, real interest rates were negative ½ of the time during 1945–1980. Average annual interest expense savings for a 12—country sample range from about 1 to 5 percent of GDP for the full 1945–1980 period. We suggest that, once again, financial repression may be part of the toolkit deployed to cope with the most recent surge in public debt in advanced economies.
Author : F. Desmond McCarthy
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Economic Performance in Small Open Economies written by F. Desmond McCarthy and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Michael D. Bordo
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Regulation and Bank Stability written by Michael D. Bordo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Anthony Saunders
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Contingent Liability in Banking written by Anthony Saunders and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Branko Milanovic
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book poverty inequality and social policy in transition economies written by Branko Milanovic and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1999 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: November 1995 What happens to poverty and income inequality during the early period of transition to a market economy? Poverty is on the rise, and income inequality widens. Better targeting of social assistance and pension reform are the necessary policy reforms. In examining what happens to poverty and income inequality during the early period of transition to a market economy, Milanovic covers the period up to 1993. His analysis includes almost all transition economies that were not affected by wars, blockades, or embargoes. (In economies so affected, the intrinsic issues of transition are overshadowed by more basic issues of war or quasi-war economy and survival.) The two key issues of social policy in transition economies are pension reform and better targeting of social assistance. Pensions represent 70 to 80 percent of cash social expenditures. No reduction of current levels of social spending (which is unsustainable) can be envisaged without pension reform. Better targeting of social assistance is needed because many universally or enterprise-provided benefits have been terminated, poverty has increased, and social programs lack funding. If poverty is on the rise and money is scarce, better targeting is the only option. This paper -- a product of the Transition Economics Division, Policy Research Department -- is part of a larger effort in the department to study social effects of transition.
Author : Mr.Bart Turtelboom
Publisher : International Monetary Fund
ISBN 13 : 1451939183
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (519 download)
Download or read book Interest Rate Liberalization written by Mr.Bart Turtelboom and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 1991-12-01 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper undertakes a survey of theoretical considerations and an analysis of the experience of five African countries with interest rate liberalization. Despite substantial progress in monetary policy reforms, liberalization has only partially affected the level and variability of interest rates. Several factors—macroeconomic instability, oligopolistic financial markets, the absence of developed capital markets, as well as the sequencing of the liberalization programs and the asymmetric availability of information—explain the increase in the spread between lending and deposit rates as well as the rather inflexible pattern of interest rates during the transition to a market-based financial system.
Author : Forrest Capie
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 6101915530
Total Pages : 24 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (19 download)
Download or read book The evolution of general banking written by Forrest Capie and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Christopher L. Gilbert
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book International commodity control : retrospect and prospect written by Christopher L. Gilbert and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Dimitri Vittas
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 64 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Thrift Deposit Institutions in Europe and the United States written by Dimitri Vittas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Shantayanan Devarajan
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 32 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book The Combined Incidence of Taxes and Public Expenditures in the Philippines written by Shantayanan Devarajan and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 32 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Charles W. Calomiris
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 28 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Universal Banking and the Financing of Industrial Development written by Charles W. Calomiris and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Randy Kroszner
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 40 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Free Banking written by Randy Kroszner and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1995 with total page 40 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
