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Interactions Between The Influenza Virus Rna Polymerase And Cellular Rna Polymerase Ii
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Book Synopsis Interactions Between the Influenza Virus RNA Polymerase and Cellular RNA Polymerase II by : Annie Yee-Man Chan
Download or read book Interactions Between the Influenza Virus RNA Polymerase and Cellular RNA Polymerase II written by Annie Yee-Man Chan and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Viral Polymerases by : Satya Prakash Gupta
Download or read book Viral Polymerases written by Satya Prakash Gupta and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2018-10-29 with total page 498 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Viral Polymerases: Structures, Functions and Roles as Antiviral Drug Targets presents in-depth study information on the structure and functions of polymerases and their roles in the lifecycle of viruses, and as drug targets. Viral polymerases constitute a vital component in the lifecycle of many viruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis viruses, influenza virus, and several others. They are essentially required for the replication of viruses. Thus, the polymerases that can be found in viruses (called viral polymerases) represent favorable targets for the design and development of antiviral drugs. Provides comprehensive, state-of-the-art coverage on virus infections, the virus lifecycle, and mechanisms of polymerase inhibition Analyzes the structure-activity relationships of inhibitors of each viral polymerase Presents a consistent and comprehensive coverage of all aspects of viral polymerases, including structure, function and their role as antiviral drug targets
Book Synopsis Influenza A Virus: A Role for the RNA Polymerase in Viral Particle Assembly by : John F. Regan
Download or read book Influenza A Virus: A Role for the RNA Polymerase in Viral Particle Assembly written by John F. Regan and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 660 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Influenza is an RNA virus whose segmented genome is encapsidated into viral ribonucleoprotein complexes (vRNPs). Upon infection, the vRNPs migrate into the nucleus where transcription and replication take place. The vRNPs contain a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that is responsible for viral transcription and replication. The polymerase is composed of three subunits, PB1, PB2, and PA. PBI has polymerase activity and PB2 is involved in viral transcription. The function of PA is unclear. To help elucidate the role of PA in the viral life cycle, 16 conserved regions of PA were targeted for alanine substitution. A plasmid-based transfection system was used to generate recombinant influenza particles bearing each mutation, which were tested for viral viability and the ability of each mutant polymerase to transcribe and replicate a reporter. Mutations in the N-terminus were not well tolerated and resulted in either non-viable or attenuated viruses. One of the mutants, J10, was capable of RNA synthesis, yet did not create viral particles capable of plaque formation in MDCK cells. Specifically, when compared to wild-type, this mutant synthesized 50+/-7% vRNA, 86+/-12% mRNA, and 128+/-18% cRNA. These levels are compatible with viability, as mutants J8 (27%) and J12 (23%), produced significantly less vRNA than J10, yet were viable by plaque assay. The mRNAs generated from J10 polymerase were found to be translationally-active, and both the mutant protein and its RNA products were appropriately localized in the cytoplasm, where influenza assembly occurs. Nevertheless, J10 failed to generate infectious particles from cells in a plasmid-based influenza assembly assay, and hemagglutinating material from the supernatants of such cells contained little or no nuclease-resistant genomic RNA. These findings suggest that PA has a previously unrecognized role in assembly or release of influenza virions, perhaps influencing core structure or the packaging of vRNAs or other essential components into nascent influenza particles.
Book Synopsis A Study of Viral and Cellular Factors in the Regulation of the Influenza Virus RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase by : Ashley D. York
Download or read book A Study of Viral and Cellular Factors in the Regulation of the Influenza Virus RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase written by Ashley D. York and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Initiation Signals in Viral Gene Expression by : A. J. Shatkin
Download or read book Initiation Signals in Viral Gene Expression written by A. J. Shatkin and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Elucidating Mechanisms of Eukaryotic Genetic Expression by Studying Animal Viruses AARON 1. SHATIGN* Eukaryotic genetic expression is carefully regulated. Normal cell growth and division, tis sue differentiation, and organism development all depend on a strictly ordered progres sion of specific events. Perturbation of the control of these processes, for example by ex posure to harmful chemicals or infection with viruses leads to aberrant forms of meta bolism, often resulting in malignancies and cell death. One of the most challenging problems in biology is to derme at the molecular level the mechanisms that govern gene function in higher organisms, including ultimately man. This goal serves to unify the diverse efforts of many investigators, whether studying the precise patterns of embryo genesis, the loss of control that occurs during neoplastic growth or the redirection of biosynthetic pathways in virus-infected cells. Recently there has been remarkable and exciting progress toward understanding the molecular biology of eukaryotic expression. Much of this rapidly increasing new infor mation has come from studies of animal virus systems. Just as investigations of the relatively simple, rapidly assayed, and easily manipulated bacteriophages lead to basic discoveries about prokaryotic cells, analyses of animal viruses and their interactions with host cells have provided fundamental information about how eukaryotic nucleic acids are organized for regulated replication, transcription, and translation. For example, the small genome of SV , like cellular DNA in chromatin, is associated with histones to 40 form nucleosomal arrays (Griffin 1975).
Book Synopsis Studies in the Modulation of RNA Polymerase II-mediated Transcription by Poliovirus and Adenovirus Infection by : Steven Anthony Kliewer
Download or read book Studies in the Modulation of RNA Polymerase II-mediated Transcription by Poliovirus and Adenovirus Infection written by Steven Anthony Kliewer and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Viral Molecular Machines by : Michael G. Rossmann
Download or read book Viral Molecular Machines written by Michael G. Rossmann and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-02-02 with total page 685 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book will contain a series of solicited chapters that concern with the molecular machines required by viruses to perform various essential functions of virus life cycle. The first three chapters (Introduction, Molecular Machines and Virus Architecture) introduce the reader to the best known molecular machines and to the structure of viruses. The remainder of the book will examine in detail various stages of the viral life cycle. Beginning with the viral entry into a host cell, the book takes the reader through replication of the genome, synthesis and assembly of viral structural components, genome packaging and maturation into an infectious virion. Each chapter will describe the components of the respective machine in molecular or atomic detail, genetic and biochemical analyses, and mechanism. Topics are carefully selected so that the reader is exposed to systems where there is a substantial infusion of new knowledge in recent years, which greatly elevated the fundamental mechanistic understanding of the respective molecular machine. The authors will be encouraged to simplify the detailed knowledge to basic concepts, include provocative new ideas, as well as design colorful graphics, thus making the cutting-edge information accessible to broad audience.
Book Synopsis Influenza Virus by : Yoshihiro Kawaoka
Download or read book Influenza Virus written by Yoshihiro Kawaoka and published by Humana Press. This book was released on 2016-08-23 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reports of influenza-like illnesses date back to the Middle Ages, and outbreaks of influenza likely afflicted humans long before that. Over the last half century, influenza virus research has led to the development of two classes of antivirals – ion channel and neuraminidase inhibitors. Recently, a method of the artificial generation of an influenza virus was established. This system has been instrumental in the development of novel influenza vaccines and in the understanding of viral pathogenicity and the functions of viral proteins. Influenza Virus: Methods and Protocols summarizes the current techniques that have made this progress possible, ranging from protocols for virus isolation, growth, and subtyping to procedures for the efficient generation of any influenza virus. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and easily accessible, Influenza Virus: Methods and Protocols seeks to serve both professionals and novices with the techniques used in numerous laboratories around the world that are, thus, the building blocks that underpin almost all influenza virus research.
Book Synopsis Mechanisms for the Inhibition of Host Cell RNA Polymerase II- and RNA Polymerase III-mediated Transcription by Poliovirus by : Melody Clark
Download or read book Mechanisms for the Inhibition of Host Cell RNA Polymerase II- and RNA Polymerase III-mediated Transcription by Poliovirus written by Melody Clark and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 242 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influenza Virus Sialidase - A Drug Discovery Target by : Mark Itzstein
Download or read book Influenza Virus Sialidase - A Drug Discovery Target written by Mark Itzstein and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-09-01 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Influenza continues to be an ongoing problem despite the existence of vaccines and drugs. Disease outbreaks can occur relatively quickly as witnessed with the recent emergence of the influenza virus A/H1N1 pandemic. The development of new anti-influenza drugs is thus a major challenge. This volume describes all aspects of the virus structure and function relevant to infection. The focus is on drug discovery of inhibitors to the enzyme sialidase, which plays a key role in the infectious lifecycle of the virus. Following an overview of the influenza virus, the haemagglutinin, the interactions with the cell receptors and the enzymology of virus sialidase, recent results in drug design are presented. These include a full coverage of the design, synthesis and evaluation of carbohydrate as well as non-carbohydrate influenza virus sialidase inhibitors. Further reviews of the clinical experience with influenza virus sialidase inhibitors and of the development of resistance to these inhibitor drugs complement the topic.
Author :Katsuhiko S. Murakami Publisher :Springer Science & Business Media ISBN 13 :3642397964 Total Pages :342 pages Book Rating :4.6/5 (423 download)
Book Synopsis Nucleic Acid Polymerases by : Katsuhiko S. Murakami
Download or read book Nucleic Acid Polymerases written by Katsuhiko S. Murakami and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-10-22 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a review of the multitude of nucleic acid polymerases, including DNA and RNA polymerases from Archea, Bacteria and Eukaryota, mitochondrial and viral polymerases, and other specialized polymerases such as telomerase, template-independent terminal nucleotidyl transferase and RNA self-replication ribozyme. Although many books cover several different types of polymerases, no book so far has attempted to catalog all nucleic acid polymerases. The goal of this book is to be the top reference work for postgraduate students, postdocs, and principle investigators who study polymerases of all varieties. In other words, this book is for polymerase fans by polymerase fans. Nucleic acid polymerases play a fundamental role in genome replication, maintenance, gene expression and regulation. Throughout evolution these enzymes have been pivotal in transforming life towards RNA self-replicating systems as well as into more stable DNA genomes. These enzymes are generally extremely efficient and accurate in RNA transcription and DNA replication and share common kinetic and structural features. How catalysis can be so amazingly fast without loss of specificity is a question that has intrigued researchers for over 60 years. Certain specialized polymerases that play a critical role in cellular metabolism are used for diverse biotechnological applications and are therefore an essential tool for research.
Book Synopsis DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIVIRAL AGENT by : Shuofeng Yuan
Download or read book DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIVIRAL AGENT written by Shuofeng Yuan and published by Open Dissertation Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation, "Development of Antiviral Agents Targeting the RNA Polymerase of Influenza Virus" by Shuofeng, Yuan, 袁碩峰, was obtained from The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong) and is being sold pursuant to Creative Commons: Attribution 3.0 Hong Kong License. The content of this dissertation has not been altered in any way. We have altered the formatting in order to facilitate the ease of printing and reading of the dissertation. All rights not granted by the above license are retained by the author. Abstract: The rapid mutability of influenza virus in conjunction with genomic reassortment between viral strains promotes the virus' ability to evade vaccines and to become resistant to antiviral drugs. Therefore, novel anti-influenza therapeutics utilizing new targets and creative strategies are essential. The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the virus consists of PA, PB1, and PB2 subunits. Biological and structural investigations of the functional domains of these subunits have broadened the target reservoir for drug screening. With the wealth of knowledge from these studies, identification of small-molecule inhibitors that specifically disrupt the polymerase assembly or abrogate polymerase activities has emerged as an innovative and promising approach. In an attempt to facilitate the discovery of antiviral agents that target viral polymerase, isolated functional domains such as the PA endonuclease domain, the PB2 cap-binding domain, and the PA-PB1 interaction domains were expressed as screening targets. Based on the biochemical and structural properties of individual targets, a variety of platforms were established for the effective screening of inhibitors, including systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) assay, fluorescence polarization (FP) assay, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The antiviral efficacies of selected inhibitors were examined in vitro and in vivo, followed by verification of their antiviral mechanisms. Clinical merits of selected inhibitors were further evaluated, focusing mainly on their cross-protection abilities among influenza virus subtypes and their potential synergetic antiviral effects when used in combination with other drugs. A number of small-molecule compounds, i.e. PA-30, ANA-0, PB2-19, PAC-3 and ANA-1, together with the aptamer PAN-2, were identified as potent inhibitors against the replication of multiple subtypes of influenza A virus, including H1N1, H3N2, H5N1, H7N7, H7N9, and H9N2, in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell cultures. The intranasal administration of the identified compounds enhanced survival rates and reduced lung viral loads in BALB/c mice infected with H1N1 virus. The docking analyses predicted the compounds targeting PA or PB2 interacted with enzyme active sites to abolish endonuclease or cap-binding activity of the polymerase, whereas the compound targeting the PA-PB1 interaction likely induced configurational changes that impeded polymerase assembly. In addition, the combined treatment of zanamivir with the PA- or PB2-targeted compounds exerted synergistic antiviral effects in vitro. This study underscores the medical importance of polymerase functional domains as druggable targets, which may be due to the fact that these targeted areas are not only highly conserved among virus subtypes but also key to viral fitness. The identified antivirals exhibit substantial promise for clinical applications and provide new additions to the arsenal of drugs that are already used for chemoprophylaxis and treatment of influenza. Importantly, the established screening platforms for PA endonuclease inhibitors, PB2 cap-binding inhibitors, and PA-PB1 interaction disrupters should advance the development of a category of anti-influenza drugs that target viral polymerase. DOI: 10.5353/th_b5699888 Subjects: Antiviral agents RNA po
Book Synopsis Molecular Virology by : Susanne Modrow
Download or read book Molecular Virology written by Susanne Modrow and published by Springer. This book was released on 2013-09-18 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book gives a comprehensive overview on the knowledge of virus infection relevant for humans and animals. For each virus family the molecular details of the virus particle and the viral replication cycle are described. In the case of virus types with relevance for human and/or animal health the data on molecular biology, genetics and virus-cell interaction are combined with those concerning, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinics, prevention and therapy.
Book Synopsis Genetic Interactions Between RNA Polymerase II and Transcription Factor Mutations by : Amber Bonds
Download or read book Genetic Interactions Between RNA Polymerase II and Transcription Factor Mutations written by Amber Bonds and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 92 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assembly of Enveloped RNA Viruses by : Monique Dubois-Dalcq
Download or read book Assembly of Enveloped RNA Viruses written by Monique Dubois-Dalcq and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 249 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a collection of critical reviews about a diverse group of virus families with two features in common: the stable repository of genetic information in each virus is RNA, and each virus modifies and appropriates a particular patch of the eukaryotic cell membrane system to complete its structure. The reviews take the reader from the level of virus genome structure and expression through the quaternary interactions between virus-specified elements and cellular components that cooperate to produce virus particles. There are spectacular illustrations in this volume, but it is much more than a picture gallery. Reading widely in this book can be an effective antidote to overspecialization: in these pages, you are likely to learn much about viruses and about cells that you didn't know before; you'll discover illuminating parallels between diverse virus families; you'll come away with a sharpened awareness of important things that are still to be learned. Memphis, Tenn. , Summer 1984 David W. Kingsbury Preface This book was written at the suggestion of Dr. David W. Kingsbury made at a work shop on viruses organized by the Multiple Sclerosis Society in Aspen, Colorado, U. S. A. , three years ago. Originally, we had thought to focus on the morphological aspects of viral assembly. Later, during our discussions on the process of budding of enveloped RNA viruses, it became evident that we should include biochemical data in our review and correlate them with the structural aspects of virus maturation.
Book Synopsis Influenza Nucleoprotein Interactions as Potential Antiviral Targets by : Abel Sanchez
Download or read book Influenza Nucleoprotein Interactions as Potential Antiviral Targets written by Abel Sanchez and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The purpose of this research was to investigate the Nucleoprotein (NP) RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRP) interaction by identifying and characterizing a NP mutant which maintains RNA binding but is unable to interact with the viral polymerase complex. Influenza poses a threat to human health and is a burden on the global economy. Influenza is caused by influenza virus which contains a segmented RNA genome, resulting in rapid evolution and emergence of new influenza subtypes which lead to pandemics.
Book Synopsis Analysis of RNA Polymerase II Ternary Complexes by : Gretchen Ann Rice
Download or read book Analysis of RNA Polymerase II Ternary Complexes written by Gretchen Ann Rice and published by . This book was released on 1990 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
