Interaction Between Neuronal Calcium Sensor Protein 1 And Lithium In Pedunculopontine Neurons

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Arousal in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases

Author : Edgar Garcia-Rill
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128179937
Total Pages : 278 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Arousal in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases by : Edgar Garcia-Rill

Download or read book Arousal in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases written by Edgar Garcia-Rill and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-06-18 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Arousal in Neurological and Psychiatric Diseases focuses on the dysregulation of arousal found in many neurological and psychiatric disorders. Chapters describe the physiology of each process, how it presents in each disorder, and the most appropriate treatment(s). The book also imparts the understanding of the RAS as a system that not only modulates waking, but also survival mechanisms, such as fight vs. flight responses and other reflexes. This book helps neuroscientists, sleep researchers, neurologists and psychiatrists understand the basic mechanisms that modulate arousal in health and disease. In addition, it promotes therapies that can alter the severity and manifestation of multiple disorders. - Provides a comprehensive overview of the basic mechanisms behind dysregulation of arousal in neurological and psychiatric disorders - Describes, in detail, the function of the Reticular Activating System with respect to higher functions, motor control and the intertwining of arousal and motor disorders - Covers multiple neurological disorders, including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and autism

Golgi Atlas of the Postnatal Mouse Brain

Author : Facundo Valverde
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3709165016
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Golgi Atlas of the Postnatal Mouse Brain by : Facundo Valverde

Download or read book Golgi Atlas of the Postnatal Mouse Brain written by Facundo Valverde and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-06-29 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Atlas provides a complete overview of all major structures of the mouse brain that can be identified in Golgi preparations. The most important feature is its three-dimensional integrity since all structures and nerve tracts can be followed from one section to the next one with uninterrupted continuity. The Golgi Atlas presents a series of camera lucida drawings of the entire telencephalon and upper brain stem of the young postnatal mouse in 24 transverse, 11 sagittal and 15 horizontal planes. The drawings were prepared from selected brains stained in toto with the Golgi method, that have been serially sectioned in the three orthogonal planes. The text includes an introduction of the material and methods used for the construction of this Atlas and a survey with a complete bibliography on the previous studies made with the Golgi method in Rodents. In this account, a number of issues concerning particular anatomical details are considered in relation to the interpretations obtained by other students. Reference is made to some relevant reviews and key articles.

Implantable Neural Prostheses 1

Author : David Zhou
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387772618
Total Pages : 391 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)

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Book Synopsis Implantable Neural Prostheses 1 by : David Zhou

Download or read book Implantable Neural Prostheses 1 written by David Zhou and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-06-10 with total page 391 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Significant progress has been made in the development of neural prostheses to restore human functions and improve the quality of human life. Biomedical engineers and neuroscientists around the world are working to improve design and performance of existing devices and to develop novel devices for artificial vision, artificial limbs, and brain–machine interfaces. This book, Implantable Neural Prostheses 1: Devices and Applications,ispart one of a two-book series and describes state-of-the-art advances in techniques associated with implantable neural prosthetic devices and their applications. Devices covered include sensory prosthetic devices, such as visual implants, cochlear implants, auditory midbrain implants, and spinal cord stimulators. Motor prosthetic devices, such as deep brain stimulators, Bion microstimu- tors, the brain control and sensing interface, and cardiac electro-stimulation devices are also included. Progress in magnetic stimulation that may offer a non-invasive approach to prosthetic devices is introduced. Regulatory approval of implantable medical devices in the United States and Europe is also discussed.

Waking and the Reticular Activating System in Health and Disease

Author : Edgar Garcia-Rill
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0128016329
Total Pages : 330 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Waking and the Reticular Activating System in Health and Disease by : Edgar Garcia-Rill

Download or read book Waking and the Reticular Activating System in Health and Disease written by Edgar Garcia-Rill and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2015-04-28 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waking and the Reticular Activating System in Health and Disease provides a comprehensive overview on the "activating properties of the RAS. In health, the RAS provides the basis against which we assess the external world, and in disease it distorts that world and shatters our self-image. This book describes the physiology of each process, how it is disturbed in each disorder, and what the most appropriate treatment should be. Dr. Garcia-Rill, along with contributions from leading specialists, discusses the understanding of the RAS as a system not only modulating waking, but also in charge of survival mechanisms such as fight vs flight responses and reflexes. The full spectrum of these functions helps explain the complexity of symptoms evident in such disorders as disparate as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. The book reviews the mechanisms that control waking and arousal, and especially how those mechanisms malfunction in certain neurological and psychiatric disorders. - First comprehensive overview on the RAS and its role in schizophrenia, major depression, autism, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and other neurologic and mental diseases - Offers a new way of thinking about brain function and the role of the RAS in our waking lives - Written by a leading translational neuroscience researcher with contributions by specialists in the field

Autonomic Nervous System

Author : Daniel Pedro Cardinali
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319575716
Total Pages : 393 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (195 download)

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Book Synopsis Autonomic Nervous System by : Daniel Pedro Cardinali

Download or read book Autonomic Nervous System written by Daniel Pedro Cardinali and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-08-04 with total page 393 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A traditional view of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) considers only its peripheral part: the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. However, this view misses to consider the most important ANS function: the maintenance of homeostasis. This term is used today to define not only the strategies that allow the body proper response to changes in the environment (reactive homeostasis), but also temporal mechanisms that allow the body to predict the most likely timing of environmental stimuli (predictive homeostasis based on biological rhythms). This book discusses the ANS from both an enlarged and a timed perspective. First, it presents how the organization of the ANS is hierarchical into different levels. Following that, the book discusses how the ANS changes functionally in the three-body configurations (wakefulness, slow sleep, rapid eye movement sleep) found in a 24-hour cycle. Finally, the most important clinical implications of this enlarged and timed vision of ANS will be discussed. Autonomic Nervous System – Basic and Clinical Aspects is a comprehensive text intended for medical students and health professionals who are interested in a deeper approach to this important part of the nervous system. It provides a detailed and complete understanding of the neuroscience behind the ANS, allowing a proper clinical applicability of this knowledge.

Pathology, Prevention and Therapeutics of Neurodegenerative Disease

Author : Sarika Singh
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811309442
Total Pages : 302 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (113 download)

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Book Synopsis Pathology, Prevention and Therapeutics of Neurodegenerative Disease by : Sarika Singh

Download or read book Pathology, Prevention and Therapeutics of Neurodegenerative Disease written by Sarika Singh and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-09-24 with total page 302 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, written by a leading panel of experts in the field of neurosciences, provides a comprehensive overview of the pathology of neurodegenerative diseases as well as the preventive measures. Prevention is important due to the lack of early diagnostic markers and the limitations/ problems of treating neurodegenerative diseases

Neuroimaging of Consciousness

Author : Andrea Eugenio Cavanna
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 3642375804
Total Pages : 262 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (423 download)

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Book Synopsis Neuroimaging of Consciousness by : Andrea Eugenio Cavanna

Download or read book Neuroimaging of Consciousness written by Andrea Eugenio Cavanna and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-07-20 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Within the field of neuroscience, the past few decades have witnessed an exponential growth of research into the brain mechanisms underlying both normal and pathological states of consciousness in humans. The development of sophisticated imaging techniques to visualize and map brain activity in vivo has opened new avenues in our understanding of the pathological processes involved in common neuropsychiatric disorders affecting consciousness, such as epilepsy, coma, vegetative states, dissociative disorders, and dementia. This book presents the state of the art in neuroimaging exploration of the brain correlates of the alterations in consciousness across these conditions, with a particular focus on the potential applications for diagnosis and management. Although the book has a practical approach and is primarily targeted at neurologists, neuroradiologists, and psychiatrists, it will also serve as an essential reference for a wide range of researchers and health care professionals.

Temporomandibular Joint and Airway Disorders

Author : G. Gary Demerjian
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3319763679
Total Pages : 263 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Temporomandibular Joint and Airway Disorders by : G. Gary Demerjian

Download or read book Temporomandibular Joint and Airway Disorders written by G. Gary Demerjian and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-03 with total page 263 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book on the local and systemic manifestations and correlates of temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) encompasses the two intertwined facets of translational science – translational research and translational effectiveness – as they relate specifically to TMDs. The first part of the book, on recent translational research, focuses on topics such as the neuroanatomy and neurophysiology of the trigeminal nerve and trigeminal network system, the manifestations of neuroinflammation in TMDs, and the molecular mechanisms underlying TMDs. The second part discusses the clinical effectiveness of treatment approaches from the perspective of evidence-based dentistry, with careful attention to the critical relationships between dental malocclusions, the signs and symptoms of TMDs, and airway/breathing disorders. Interventions to correct for malocclusal conditions that lead to TMDs are examined, with explanation of the ways in which they can ameliorate a variety of local and systemic symptoms. This will be an excellent reference book for established practitioners, residents, interns, and students as well as a powerful cutting-edge document for researchers in the field.

Clinical Electroencephalography

Author : Oriano Mecarelli
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 3030045730
Total Pages : 822 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

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Book Synopsis Clinical Electroencephalography by : Oriano Mecarelli

Download or read book Clinical Electroencephalography written by Oriano Mecarelli and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-06-06 with total page 822 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes the developments and improvements in electroencephalography (EEG). In recent years, digital technology has replaced analog equipments, and it is now possible to easily record and store EEG tracings and to quickly recall previously acquired material for subsequent analysis. In addition, not only static figures, but also electronic supplementary materials can be included in books, enabling EEGs to be viewed in real-time. In clinical practice, EEG still represents the most important functional examination in the study CNS development and its anatomical and physiological integrity throughout life. In the pathological context, EEG provides indispensable diagnostic information for classification of epileptic syndromes, and it is also valuable in all the other CNS diseases (infectious, cerebrovascular, neurodegenerative, etc). Furthermore, monitoring EEG can be widely used in emergency settings, such as emergency departments or intensive care units. In comatose patients, EEG provides information regarding prognosis and evaluation of the sedative effect of anesthetic drugs. Written by a group of leading national and international experts, it offers a substantial, yet practical, EEG compendium, which serves as a reference resource for physicians and neurodiagnostic technologists as well as physicians-in-training, researchers, practicing electroencephalographers and students.

Molecules to Medicine with mTOR

Author : Kenneth Maiese
Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 012802755X
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (28 download)

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Book Synopsis Molecules to Medicine with mTOR by : Kenneth Maiese

Download or read book Molecules to Medicine with mTOR written by Kenneth Maiese and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-02-21 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Molecules to Medicine with mTOR: Translating Critical Pathways into Novel Therapeutic Strategies is a one-stop reference that thoroughly covers the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR, also known as the mammalian target of rapamycin, is a 289-kDa serine/threonine protein kinase that is ubiquitous throughout the body and has a critical role in gene transcription and protein formation, stem cell development, cell survival and senescence, aging, immunity, tissue regeneration and repair, metabolism, tumorigenesis, oxidative stress, and pathways of programmed cell death that include apoptosis and autophagy. Incorporating a translational medicine approach, this important reference highlights the basic cellular biology of mTOR pathways, presents the role of mTOR during normal physiologic function and disease, and illustrates how the mechanisms of mTOR can be targeted for current and future therapeutic treatment strategies. Coverage of mTOR signaling includes the entire life cycle of cells that impacts multiple systems of the body including those of nervous, cardiovascular, immune, musculoskeletal, endocrine, reproductive, renal, and respiratory origin. - Covers the role of mTOR by internationally recognized expert contributors in the field. - Provides a clear picture of the complexity of mTOR signaling as well as of the different approaches that could target this pathway at various levels. - Includes analysis of the role of mTOR and in both health and disease. - Serves as an important resource for a broad audience of healthcare providers, scientists, drug developers, and students in both clinical and research settings.

Brainstem Control of Wakefulness and Sleep

Author : Mircea M. Steriade
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1475746695
Total Pages : 504 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (757 download)

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Book Synopsis Brainstem Control of Wakefulness and Sleep by : Mircea M. Steriade

Download or read book Brainstem Control of Wakefulness and Sleep written by Mircea M. Steriade and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 504 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is part of an ongoing history of efforts to understand the nature of waking and sleeping states from a biological point of view. We believe the recent technological revolutions in anatomy and physiology make the present moment especially propitious for this effort. In planning this book we had the choices of producing an edited volume with invited chapter authors or of writing the book ourselves. Edited volumes offer the opportunity for expression of expertise in each chapter but, we felt, would not allow the development of our ideas on the potential and actual unity of the field and would not allow the expression of coherence that can be obtained only with one or two voices, but which may be quite difficult with a chorus assembled and performing together for the first time. (Unlike musical works, there is very little precedent for rehearsals and repeated performances for authors of edited volumes or even for the existence of conductors able to induce a single rhythm and vision of the composition. ) We thus decided on a monograph. The primary goal was to communicate the current realities and the future possibilities of unifying basic studies on anatomy and cellular physiology with investigations of the behavioral and physi ological events of waking and sleep. In keeping with this goal we cross-reference the basic cellular physiology in the latter chapters, and, in the last chapter, we take up possible links to relevant clinical phenomenology.

Sleep Medicine and Mental Health

Author : Karim Sedky
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030444473
Total Pages : 382 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Sleep Medicine and Mental Health by : Karim Sedky

Download or read book Sleep Medicine and Mental Health written by Karim Sedky and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-22 with total page 382 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Advances in sleep medicine research are improving our clinical work for individuals with sleep problems. The aim of this book is to educate psychiatrists and other mental health professionals about the importance of understanding sleep disorders, including their bidirectional relationship with psychiatric conditions. This book consists of six major sections with seventeen chapters. It is led off by an introduction on the function of sleep, its neurophysiology, and types of sleep problems. Since insomnia represents a common and significant challenge for patients with psychiatric disorders, its clinical presentation and treatments are reviewed in the second section. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), mindfulness-based CBT, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), and the medication management of insomnia are reviewed. A third section addresses sleep related breathing disorders. The pathology of sleep apnea, its treatments, and therapeutic modalities to address non-compliance with positive pressure ventilation are reviewed. Other sleep disorders such as hypersomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, movement disorders and parasomnias are discussed in the fourth section. Since features of sleep disorders can vary by age, gender, and trauma history, a fifth section discusses the unique sleep problems associated with children, women, older adults, and veterans. The book concludes with a final section discussing how sleep disorders and psychiatric conditions overlap. We hope this book highlights the importance of understanding and addressing comorbid sleep disorders among individuals with psychiatric conditions. We are confident that this book will be valuable in helping clinicians improve the management of sleep disorders in their clinical practice.

Folding for the Synapse

Author : Andreas Wyttenbach
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1441970614
Total Pages : 315 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (419 download)

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Book Synopsis Folding for the Synapse by : Andreas Wyttenbach

Download or read book Folding for the Synapse written by Andreas Wyttenbach and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2010-10-22 with total page 315 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Folding for the Synapse addresses the current view on how protein folding and misfolding, controlled by molecular chaperones, contribute to synapse function and dysfunction. Molecular chaperones have been studied in relation to de novo protein folding, but there is increasing awareness that chaperone function is required for the regulation of protein dynamics when functioning physiologically as an isolated moiety or part of a protein complex. This book will introduce both important concepts of folding machineries and give examples of the biological relevance of further chaperone functions.

Sleep Disorders Medicine

Author : Sudhansu Chokroverty
Publisher : Saunders
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 710 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (318 download)

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Book Synopsis Sleep Disorders Medicine by : Sudhansu Chokroverty

Download or read book Sleep Disorders Medicine written by Sudhansu Chokroverty and published by Saunders. This book was released on 2009 with total page 710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Dr. Sudhansu Chokroverty-a world-recognized expert in sleep medicine-presents the third edition of Sleep Disorders Medicine for the latest developments in this rapidly expanding specialty, with coverage of neuroscience and clinical application. In addition to summarizing basic science and important technological aspects of diagnosis and treatment, this edition presents new chapters-on sleep and memory consolidation, neuroimaging, and more-in a color layout that makes it easy to access the latest advances in the field. The text's manageable size and logical, multi-disciplinary approach make it the right choice for newcomers and experienced clinicians alike. Covers all aspects of sleep medicine in a practical, logical format divided into three sections: the basic science of sleep physiology, neuroanatomy, and biochemistry; the technical methods of recording; and a clinical approach to patients with sleep complaints. Represents the breadth of knowledge across disciplines through the contributions of 50 prominent names in the field of sleep medicine. Provides a multidisciplinary approach to the diagnosis and management of sleep disorders with coverage of related fields such as pulmonology, otolaryngology, and psychiatry. Includes a Glossary of Terms adapted from the American Sleep Disorders Association for quick reference to the sleep terminology used throughout the text. Offers online access to the full text through Expert Consult functionality for convenient reference. Demonstrates how recent basic science advances affect clinical medicine through new chapters on Sleep Deprivation and Sleepiness; Sleep and Memory Consolidation; Neuroimaging in Sleep and Sleep Disorders; Nutrition and Sleep; Nature and Treatment of Insomnia; Evolution of Sleep from Birth through Adolescence; Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Children and Women's Sleep. Improves on the clarity and consistency of the text with a new, completely redrawn art program, including full-color illustrations in the clinical section that enhances diagnostic material. Presents the material in an even more readable and user-friendly two-color design and page layout.

Dorland's Dictionary of Medical Acronyms and Abbreviations

Author : Dorland
Publisher : Elsevier Health Sciences
ISBN 13 : 0323442544
Total Pages : 481 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (234 download)

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Book Synopsis Dorland's Dictionary of Medical Acronyms and Abbreviations by : Dorland

Download or read book Dorland's Dictionary of Medical Acronyms and Abbreviations written by Dorland and published by Elsevier Health Sciences. This book was released on 2015-07-24 with total page 481 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Medical acronyms and abbreviations offer convenience, but those countless shortcuts can often be confusing. Now a part of the popular Dorland's suite of products, this reference features thousands of terms from across various medical specialties. Its alphabetical arrangement makes for quick reference, and expanded coverage of symbols ensures they are easier to find. Effective communication plays an important role in all medical settings, so turn to this trusted volume for nearly any medical abbreviation you might encounter. - Symbols section makes it easier to locate unusual or seldom-used symbols. - Convenient alphabetical format allows you to find the entry you need more intuitively. - More than 90,000 entries and definitions. - Many new and updated entries including terminology in expanding specialties, such as Nursing; Physical, Occupational, and Speech Therapies; Transcription and Coding; Computer and Technical Fields. - New section on abbreviations to avoid, including Joint Commission abbreviations that are not to be used. - Incorporates updates suggested by the Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP).

Handbook of Behavioral State Control

Author : Ralph Lydic
Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9781420048247
Total Pages : 722 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (482 download)

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Book Synopsis Handbook of Behavioral State Control by : Ralph Lydic

Download or read book Handbook of Behavioral State Control written by Ralph Lydic and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-07-17 with total page 722 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Handbook of Behavioral State Control: Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms provides the first synthesis of information on the neurobiology of behavioral states, ranging from normal stress and sleep deprivation to debilitating neuropsychiatric disorders. This book presents a working reference on the cellular and molecular mechanisms generating arousal states; pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods of behavioral state control; and the bi-directional interaction between arousal state and the neurobiology of pain, and between sleep and the immune system.

Run in the Light

Author : John Mitrofanis
Publisher : Morgan & Claypool Publishers
ISBN 13 : 1643277200
Total Pages : 172 pages
Book Rating : 4.6/5 (432 download)

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Book Synopsis Run in the Light by : John Mitrofanis

Download or read book Run in the Light written by John Mitrofanis and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2019-08-05 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Parkinson's disease is a neurological disorder with cardinal motor signs of resting tremor, bradykinesia and lead-pipe rigidity. In addition, many patients display non-motor symptoms, including a diminished sensation of smell, gastrointestinal problems, various disorders of sleep and some cognitive impairment. These clinical features - particularly the motor signs - manifest after a progressive death of many dopaminergic neurones in the brain. Although currently available, conventional therapies can reduce the signs of the disease, the progression of this neuronal death has proved difficult to slow or stop, and the condition is relentlessly progressive. Hence, there is a real need to develop a treatment that is neuroprotective, one that slows the pathology of the disease effectively. At present, there are several neuroprotective therapies in the experimental pipeline, but these are for the patients of tomorrow. This book focuses on two therapies that are readily available for the patients of today. They involve the use of exercise and light (i.e. photobiomodulation, the use of red to infrared light therapy (λ=600-1070nm) on body tissues). The two therapies are tied together in several ways. First, in animal models of Parkinson's disease, they each have been shown to offer the key feature of neuroprotection, stimulating a series of built-in protective mechanisms within the neurones, that helps their survival, to self-protect and/or self-repair. There are also some promising indications of neuroprotection and many beneficial outcomes in parkinsonian patients. Further, both exercise and light therapies are similar in that they are non-invasive and safe to use, with no known adverse side-effects, making their combination with the conventional therapies, such as dopamine replacement drug therapy and deep brain stimulation, all the more feasible. Given the heterogeneity of Parkinson's disease in humans, tackling the condition from a range of different angles - with a number of different therapies - would only serve to enhance the positive outcomes. This book considers the use of exercise and light therapies, proposing that they have the potential to make a powerful "dynamic duo", offering a most effective neuroprotective treatment option to patients.