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Interaction Between Marine Invertebrates And Symbiotic Microbes In A Changing Environment Community Structure And Ecological Functions
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Book Synopsis Interaction between marine invertebrates and symbiotic microbes in a changing environment: Community structure and ecological functions by : Jie Li
Download or read book Interaction between marine invertebrates and symbiotic microbes in a changing environment: Community structure and ecological functions written by Jie Li and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-02-15 with total page 123 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Host-Microbe Interactions written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2016-08-03 with total page 346 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Host-Microbe Interactions, the latest volume in the Progress in Molecular Biology series, provides a forum for the discussion of new discoveries, approaches, and ideas in molecular biology. It contains contributions from leaders in their respective fields, along with abundant references. This volume is dedicated to the subject of host-microbe interactions. Provides the latest research on host-microbe interactions, including new discoveries, approaches, and ideas Contains contributions from leading authorities on topics relating to molecular biology Informs and updates on all the latest developments in the field
Book Synopsis Socio-Ecology of Microbes in a Changing Ocean by : Matthias Wietz
Download or read book Socio-Ecology of Microbes in a Changing Ocean written by Matthias Wietz and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-08-02 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Socio-ecological interactions between microbes and associated organisms are integral elements of marine ecosystem dynamics. This Research Topic combines sixteen papers on interactions across the major domains of marine life, including prokaryotes, phytoplankton, macroalgae, cnidarians, viruses and fungi. These studies offer exciting insights into microbial cooperation and competition, holobiont ecology, interkingdom signaling, chemical microdiversity, and biogeography. Understanding such network processes is essential for the interpretation of ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical events, particularly in the wake of climate change.
Book Synopsis Marine microbial symbioses: Host-microbe interaction, holobiont’s adaptation to niches and global climate change by : Zhiyong Li
Download or read book Marine microbial symbioses: Host-microbe interaction, holobiont’s adaptation to niches and global climate change written by Zhiyong Li and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2024-05-14 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Microbes Among Marine Giants written by and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 171 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Kelp forest ecosystems are distributed on the rocky reefs of coastal regions worldwide. Kelps (order Laminariales) are a diverse group of brown macroalgae containing numerous species including giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. The giant kelp dominates the kelp forests of southern California, engineering complex three-dimensional habitat which provides foundational shelter, nursery, and nutrients to marine organisms including invertebrates, fish, and marine mammals. While the kelp forests of southern California are well-regarded for their ecological and economic importance, traditional ecological surveys have ignored the most abundant fraction within the ecosystem - microbes. Microbes, including bacteria, archaea, and micro-eukaryotes, are present on all submerged surfaces in marine ecosystems, including microbiomes on macroorganisms. Microbes serve key ecological roles, including cycling of nutrients such as carbon and nitrogen to higher trophic levels within the ecosystem. Host-associated microbes have a symbiotic relationship with the host, providing environmentally-limited nutrients and protection from pathogen invasion in exchange for settlement substrate and host-derived metabolic exudates. Despite the known importance of microbes in marine ecosystems, microbes are absent from classic ecological models describing the top-down and bottom-up regulating forces structuring kelp populations. Thus, for my dissertation I aimed to address the lack of knowledge on the microbial ecology of southern California kelp forests, including the interactions between the predominant macroalgae and the associated microbiomes. In Chapter 1, I established a baseline description of the taxonomic structure and functional potential of microbial communities residing within the Macrocystis pyrifera-dominated kelp forest of Point Loma, CA, and identified sources of variation in microbiome profiles. The Point Loma kelp forest is subject to fluctuations in environmental conditions resulting from seasonality and stratification, which has an influence on kelp forest productivity. However, the potential direct and indirect effects of altered kelp forest environmental conditions on the microbial community structure and function has yet to be described, and as such I aimed to address this for Chapter 1. I sampled microbiomes from both the M. pyrifera biofilm and the adjacent water column seasonally over a three year investigation (2013-2016). I described the microbiomes in great depth using culture-independent whole genome shotgun metagenomics, and assessed the spatial and temporal variability in microbiome composition, function, and diversity. The microbiomes of the kelp and water were distinct in both taxonomic composition and functional potential. Kelp microbiomes remained stable across vertical depth, did not change significantly across season, and were not influenced by biophysical measurements of the surrounding environmental conditions. In contrast, the water-associated microbiomes varied significantly across depth with distinct community profiles above and below the thermocline stratification, showed significant changes across season, and seasonal changes within microbiome structure were strongly correlated with biophysical measurements of kelp forest productivity. Overall, my results showed that while free-living microbiomes were structured by the surrounding environmental conditions, host factors outweighed environmental factors in structuring hostassociated microbiomes. In Chapter 2, I examined the potential shifts in the baseline kelp forest microbiomes resulting from disturbance caused by the spread of an invasive alga, and the potential microbial influence in the alga's invasion strategy. This investigation took place at Santa Catalina Island within the Channel Islands 40 km offshore southern California, throughout the progression of the species invasion (2014-2018). Catalina Island has historically boasted dense populations of the native alga Macrocystis pyrifera, but has undergone disturbance due to the invasion and spread of invasive alga, Sargassum horneri. Invasive species cause significant alterations to ecosystems with both physical and chemical influences which deter and inhibit recovery of native species; however, whether there is a microbial influence in the invasion strategy of alga S. horneri is unknown. First, I described the microbiome of the invasive S. horneri and compared it to the native M. pyrifera, and found the microbiomes of the two macroalgal species to be distinct; specifically, the S. horneri microbiome was enriched in potentially pathogenic Vibrios. Next, I identified the potential for S. horneri presence to induce changes in the surrounding microbiomes. In 2018 as the native alga M. pyrifera was attempting to recover from disturbance, M. pyrifera and S. horneri existed in an interface at some sites. Where the two were in direct contact, I observed evidence of tissue bleaching and deterioration of the native alga, and investigated whether this detriment was a direct result of microbial pathogens. I did not find evidence of S. horneri microbiome inoculation onto the adjacent M. pyrifera; rather, the bleached M. pyrifera showed dysbiosis where the microbiome was lost completely compared to healthy M. pyrifera individuals nearby. However, I did find evidence of S. horneri microbiome inoculation onto the benthic substrate directly below the invasive alga, which resulted in an enrichment of Vibrios compared to the microbiome from benthic substrate beneath native M. pyrifera, and the enrichment of Vibrios on the benthic substrate occurred concurrently with a lack of native algal recovery at those locations. My findings suggest that the invasive species S. horneri has altered the baseline microbiome structure in the kelp forest, and the induced microbial changes may have an ongoing influence on the native species as they attempt to recover from disturbance. In Chapter 3, I investigated the microbial influence on a key stage of recruitment of the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. Macroalgae, including kelps, rely on recruitment processes to maintain adult populations and recover from disturbances. During kelp recruitment processes, microscopic propagules are released into the kelp forest water column where they are suspended until settlement onto the benthic substrate. Microscopic propagules are highly susceptible to abiotic conditions including UV irradiation, temperature, and nutrients, and biotic conditions including grazing. However, the influence of microbes on kelp propagule success has not been widely studied. Given that microbes are abundant in marine ecosystems (106 cells per ml of seawater) and are present on every submerged surface, microbes are likely to interact with kelp propagules during recruitment processes. For this investigation I reared M. pyrifera microscopic propagules in laboratory microcosms and exposed them to environmentally-sourced microbial communities within treatments. First, I investigated whether the presence of microbes influenced M. pyrifera propagules, and found that removing microbes in seawater increased propagule recruitment success. I then assessed the propagule success when exposed to a nearshore (Point Loma, CA) microbial community compared to an offshore (Santa Catalina Island, CA) microbial community, at multiple levels of microbial abundance. At the time the experiment was conducted, Catalina Island fostered a pristine kelp forest with lower anthropogenic influence compared to the nearshore Point Loma kelp forest. The nearshore (Point Loma) microbial community treatments yielded similar results to the first experiment, where removing microbes resulted in higher kelp propagule success. In contrast, kelp propagules exposed to offshore (Catalina) microbes had the greatest success when microbes were present at intermediate abundances, rather than removed completely. In both treatments, a microbialization of the seawater resulted in observed morphological detriment to kelp propagules. This study suggests that kelp forest microbes have an influence on a key stage of kelp recruitment, and the composition of the microbial community is important in recruitment success. Collectively, my dissertation shows that microbes influence kelp forest ecosystem dynamics and must be incorporated into future population and community models for a more holistic description of the ecosystem.
Book Synopsis Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications by : Jean-Claude Bertrand
Download or read book Environmental Microbiology: Fundamentals and Applications written by Jean-Claude Bertrand and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-01-26 with total page 933 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a treatise on microbial ecology that covers traditional and cutting-edge issues in the ecology of microbes in the biosphere. It emphasizes on study tools, microbial taxonomy and the fundamentals of microbial activities and interactions within their communities and environment as well as on the related food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling. The work exceeds the traditional domain of microbial ecology by revisiting the evolution of cellular prokaryotes and eukaryotes and stressing the general principles of ecology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology. The overview of the topics, authored by more than 80 specialists, is one of the broadest in the field of environmental microbiology.
Book Synopsis The Responses of Marine Microorganisms, Communities and Ecofunctions to Environmental Gradients by : Stefan M. Sievert
Download or read book The Responses of Marine Microorganisms, Communities and Ecofunctions to Environmental Gradients written by Stefan M. Sievert and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2019-04-05 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Marine environments are fluid. Microorganisms living in the ocean experience diverse environmental changes over wide spatiotemporal scales. For microorganisms and their communities to survive and function in the ocean, they need to have the capacity to sense, respond to, adapt to and/or withstand periodic and sporadic environmental changes. This eBook collates a variety of recent research reports and theoretical discussions on the ecoenergetic strategies, community structure, biogeochemical and ecosystem functions as well as regulatory processes and mechanisms that marine microorganisms employ in response to environmental gradients and variations.
Book Synopsis The Social Biology of Microbial Communities by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book The Social Biology of Microbial Communities written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2013-01-10 with total page 633 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Beginning with the germ theory of disease in the 19th century and extending through most of the 20th century, microbes were believed to live their lives as solitary, unicellular, disease-causing organisms . This perception stemmed from the focus of most investigators on organisms that could be grown in the laboratory as cellular monocultures, often dispersed in liquid, and under ambient conditions of temperature, lighting, and humidity. Most such inquiries were designed to identify microbial pathogens by satisfying Koch's postulates.3 This pathogen-centric approach to the study of microorganisms produced a metaphorical "war" against these microbial invaders waged with antibiotic therapies, while simultaneously obscuring the dynamic relationships that exist among and between host organisms and their associated microorganisms-only a tiny fraction of which act as pathogens. Despite their obvious importance, very little is actually known about the processes and factors that influence the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities. Gaining this knowledge will require a seismic shift away from the study of individual microbes in isolation to inquiries into the nature of diverse and often complex microbial communities, the forces that shape them, and their relationships with other communities and organisms, including their multicellular hosts. On March 6 and 7, 2012, the Institute of Medicine's (IOM's) Forum on Microbial Threats hosted a public workshop to explore the emerging science of the "social biology" of microbial communities. Workshop presentations and discussions embraced a wide spectrum of topics, experimental systems, and theoretical perspectives representative of the current, multifaceted exploration of the microbial frontier. Participants discussed ecological, evolutionary, and genetic factors contributing to the assembly, function, and stability of microbial communities; how microbial communities adapt and respond to environmental stimuli; theoretical and experimental approaches to advance this nascent field; and potential applications of knowledge gained from the study of microbial communities for the improvement of human, animal, plant, and ecosystem health and toward a deeper understanding of microbial diversity and evolution. The Social Biology of Microbial Communities: Workshop Summary further explains the happenings of the workshop.
Book Synopsis Molecular and functional ecology of aquatic microbial symbionts by : Hans-Peter Grossart
Download or read book Molecular and functional ecology of aquatic microbial symbionts written by Hans-Peter Grossart and published by Frontiers E-books. This book was released on with total page 158 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nothing provided
Book Synopsis Microbial Symbiosis of Marine Sessile Hosts - Diversity, Function and Applications by : Suhelen Egan
Download or read book Microbial Symbiosis of Marine Sessile Hosts - Diversity, Function and Applications written by Suhelen Egan and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2015-12-21 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Modern molecular -omics tools (metagenomics, metaproteomics etc.) have greatly contributed to the rapid advancement of our understanding of microbial diversity and function in the world’s oceans. These tools are now increasingly applied to host-associated environments to describe the symbiotic microbiome and obtain a holistic view of marine host-microbial interactions. Whilst all eukaryotic hosts are likely to benefit from their microbial associates, marine sessile eukaryotes, including macroalgae, seagrasses and various invertebrates (sponges, acidians, corals, hydroids etc), rely in particular on the function of their microbiome. For example, marine sessile eukaryotes are under constant grazing, colonization and fouling pressure from the millions of micro- and macroorganisms in the surrounding seawater. Host-associated microorganisms have been shown to produce secondary metabolites as defense molecules against unwanted colonization or pathogens, thus having an important function in host health and survival. Similarly microbial symbionts of sessile eukaryotes are often essential players in local nutrient cycling thus benefiting both the host and the surrounding ecosystem. Various research fields have contributed to generating knowledge of host-associated systems, including microbiology, biotechnology, molecular biology, ecology, evolution and biotechnology. Through a focus on model marine sessile host systems we believe that new insight into the interactions between host and microbial symbionts will be obtained and important areas of future research will be identified. This research topic includes original research, review and opinion articles that bring together the knowledge from different aspects of biology and highlight advances in our understanding of the diversity and function of the microbiomes on marine sessile hosts.
Book Synopsis Marine Microbiome Structure, Diversity, and Function Within a Coastal Upwelling Region by : Chase James
Download or read book Marine Microbiome Structure, Diversity, and Function Within a Coastal Upwelling Region written by Chase James and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 162 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the pelagic environment, microbes act as the base of the food web (photosynthetic autotrophs), recycle nutrients (microbial loop), and perform other crucial ecosystem processes and services (such as carbon sequestration). The relative scale of these different process is driven by changes in marine microbiome community structure, diversity, and function. Over the last two decades, meta-omic sampling has provided a pathway forward with which to observe the community structure and function of the marine microbiome at a previously inaccessible resolution. However, with this increase in data complexity (large numbers of identified species and genes), it can be challenging to synthesize results across the multitude of observed taxonomic and functional groups. The goal of this thesis is to provide a general framework for understanding marine microbiome community responses (structure, diversity, and function) to environmental perturbations at previously unresolvable scales. The first study (Chapter 2) identifies the mechanisms that shape patterns in marine microbiome community structure and diversity across space and time within a coastal upwelling region. While traditional methods (such as microscopy and flow cytometry) have highlighted general patterns for broad taxonomic groups and or conspicuous taxa, this study represents a comprehensive examination of the mechanisms that shape all types of marine microbial groups, and in particular, highlights cryptic groups that could not be identified through more traditional means. The second study (Chapter 3) takes a more species-centric approach and asks, what is the rate of habitat specificity within marine microbes. Terrestrial systems often contain many species that are endemic to habitats or locales. Within the marine environment, habitats are constantly in motion, moving dynamically across space in time. The dynamic marine environment, coupled with the fast generation times of most microbes is thought by many to lead to less habitat specificity and more cosmopolitan (universally distributed) species. By identifying water mases (with internally consistent physical and chemical environments) we present a view of habitat specificity within the marine microbiome in a way that is comparable to terrestrial studies. The third study (Chapter 4) shifts to look at regional metatranscriptomic data and asks what are the mechanisms that shape the function and distribution of active marine microbes. Metatranscriptomics provides a framework to identify which taxa and their associated functions are active within a community in response to changing environmental conditions. In targeting the active community, we identify how environmental conditions can lead to in-situ functional traits within the microbial community--a crucial next step to better understanding the links between environmental conditions and the local to global magnitude of key ecological functions such as primary productivity, nutrient recycling, and carbon sequestration in the pelagic ocean.
Download or read book Marine Microbiology written by Colin Munn and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019-11-26 with total page 437 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of this bestselling text has been rigorously updated to reflect major new discoveries and concepts since 2011, especially progress due to extensive application of high-throughput sequencing, single cell genomics and analysis of large datasets. Significant advances in understanding the diversity and evolution of bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses are discussed and their importance in marine processes is explored in detail. Now in full colour throughout, all chapters have been significantly expanded, with many new diagrams, illustrations and boxes to aid students’ interest and understanding. Novel pedagogy is designed to encourage students to explore current high-profile research topics. Examples include the impacts of rising CO2 levels on microbial community structure and ocean processes, interactions of microbes with plastic pollution, symbiotic interactions, and emerging diseases of marine life. This is the only textbook addressing such a broad range of topics in the specific area of marine microbiology, now a core topic within broader Marine Science degrees. A Companion Website provides additional online resources for instructors and students, including a summary of key concepts and terminology for each chapter, links to further resources, and flashcards to aid self-assessment.
Book Synopsis Ocean Acidification by : Jean-Pierre Gattuso
Download or read book Ocean Acidification written by Jean-Pierre Gattuso and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2011-09-15 with total page 347 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean helps moderate climate change thanks to its considerable capacity to store CO2, through the combined actions of ocean physics, chemistry, and biology. This storage capacity limits the amount of human-released CO2 remaining in the atmosphere. As CO2 reacts with seawater, it generates dramatic changes in carbonate chemistry, including decreases in pH and carbonate ions and an increase in bicarbonate ions. The consequences of this overall process, known as "ocean acidification", are raising concerns for the biological, ecological, and biogeochemical health of the world's oceans, as well as for the potential societal implications. This research level text is the first to synthesize the very latest understanding of the consequences of ocean acidification, with the intention of informing both future research agendas and marine management policy. A prestigious list of authors has been assembled, among them the coordinators of major national and international projects on ocean acidification.
Book Synopsis Climate Change, Ocean Acidification and Sponges by : José Luis Carballo
Download or read book Climate Change, Ocean Acidification and Sponges written by José Luis Carballo and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-10-27 with total page 456 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: While sponges represent a very simple group of organisms, which are represented by over 8000 species, there is considerable interest in the increasing role they may play in future marine ecosystems. While we still have a comparatively limited understanding of how sponges will respond to ocean warming and acidification there is evidence that some species may have the ability to acclimate or even adapt to these stressors. This comprehensive collection of articles describes our current understanding of the impacts of ocean acidification and warming on sponges across multiple levels of biological organisation, and from the geological past to the present. With expert contributions from across the world this book represents the most up-to-date view on sponge responses to climate change. This book will be of interest to a wide audience of marine scientists and managers, who are grappling with how to manage, conserve and protect marine ecosystems.
Book Synopsis Ocean Acidification by : National Research Council
Download or read book Ocean Acidification written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2010-09-14 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ocean has absorbed a significant portion of all human-made carbon dioxide emissions. This benefits human society by moderating the rate of climate change, but also causes unprecedented changes to ocean chemistry. Carbon dioxide taken up by the ocean decreases the pH of the water and leads to a suite of chemical changes collectively known as ocean acidification. The long term consequences of ocean acidification are not known, but are expected to result in changes to many ecosystems and the services they provide to society. Ocean Acidification: A National Strategy to Meet the Challenges of a Changing Ocean reviews the current state of knowledge, explores gaps in understanding, and identifies several key findings. Like climate change, ocean acidification is a growing global problem that will intensify with continued CO2 emissions and has the potential to change marine ecosystems and affect benefits to society. The federal government has taken positive initial steps by developing a national ocean acidification program, but more information is needed to fully understand and address the threat that ocean acidification may pose to marine ecosystems and the services they provide. In addition, a global observation network of chemical and biological sensors is needed to monitor changes in ocean conditions attributable to acidification.
Book Synopsis Responses of Marine Microbes to Multiple Environmental Drivers of Global Change: the Interplay of Abiotic and Biotic Factors by : Yuanyuan Feng
Download or read book Responses of Marine Microbes to Multiple Environmental Drivers of Global Change: the Interplay of Abiotic and Biotic Factors written by Yuanyuan Feng and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2022-10-17 with total page 317 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Trait-based Assembly Across Time and Latitude in Marine Communities by : Diana López
Download or read book Trait-based Assembly Across Time and Latitude in Marine Communities written by Diana López and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the central questions of ecology aims to understand the mechanisms that maintain patterns of species coexistence. Community assembly, the process of structuring communities, occurs in ecological time, is influenced by biotic interactions at local scales, and is thought to help maintain diversity patterns. Species invasions, however, as a result of globalization and intense marine trade, are common in coastal ecosystems, and have the potential to change the outcome of biotic interactions and community structure. Human-induced disturbance also disrupts community structure and coastal habitats are at greater risk due to encroachment of human populations near coasts. Changes in community structure are usually quantified as the number and distribution of species, however, the processes that shape communities act on the traits that allow and optimize species survival. Recently, ecological questions aiming to understand changes in community structure, invasion dynamics, and responses to disturbance are using measures that reflect species' ecological functions (i.e., traits) and describe the trait composition of communities (i.e., functional structure and diversity).The objectives of my dissertation are to use functional diversity and structure to 1) determine trait responses from predation across latitude while considering interaction histories between native and introduced species with local predators, 2) use functional diversity patterns and changes in functional structure to infer the relative influence of predation and competition on community assembly through time and across latitude, and 3) assess trait responses to physical disturbance, also, through time and across latitude while considering the trait diversity of the system. To achieve these objectives, I used field experiments to grow coastal sessile marine invertebrate communities in treatments that test the influence of biotic interactions or disturbance. Experiments ran for three or twelve months at 12 sites in four regions of the Pacific Coast: Alaska, California, Mexico, and Panama. For my first objective, I found predation driven trait responses mainly occurred at lower latitudes where biotic interactions are expected to be stronger. Additionally, the native and introduced species of focal communities showed opposite trait responses to predation at lower latitudes with traits related to palatability and parental investment being primarily influenced. For my second objective, I found strong competition influenced late-stage assembly across the latitudinal gradient, while predation had a greater influence during early assembly in the tropics. Thus, the relative strength of biotic interactions changes with time and latitude and either predation or competition may serve as primary filters of community assembly. For my third objective, I found fast colonization and regeneration abilities help communities recover from intense disturbance, but only at lower latitudes where communities were most impacted by disturbance. In plant communities, functional traits have been studied quite extensively for several years and have set the stage for exploration in other ecosystems. In marine systems, the link between traits and ecological processes that influence community structure are mostly understudied, and my dissertation is contributing to close this knowledge gap about nearshore communities from across 47 degrees of latitude.
