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Intellectual Property Rights And Plant Genetic Resources
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Book Synopsis Intellectual Property Rights in Plant Varieties by : Laurence R. Helfer
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights in Plant Varieties written by Laurence R. Helfer and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2004 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The study provides an overview of the international intellectual property system regulating plant varieties. It identifies the essential features of this system, including the policies supporting the grant of intellectual property rights (IPRs) and the societal objectives in tension with IPRs, the institutions that have shaped the international intellectual property system, and the basic components contained in the relevant international treaties. The study aims to set forth regulatory options for national governments to protect plant varieties while achieving other public policy objectives relating to plant genetic resources.
Book Synopsis Intellectual Property Rights and Plant Genetic Resources by : Dan Leskien
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights and Plant Genetic Resources written by Dan Leskien and published by Bioversity International. This book was released on 1997 with total page 84 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Managing Global Genetic Resources by : National Research Council
Download or read book Managing Global Genetic Resources written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1993-02-01 with total page 476 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This anchor volume to the series Managing Global Genetic Resources examines the structure that underlies efforts to preserve genetic material, including the worldwide network of genetic collections; the role of biotechnology; and a host of issues that surround management and use. Among the topics explored are in situ versus ex situ conservation, management of very large collections of genetic material, problems of quarantine, the controversy over ownership or copyright of genetic material, and more.
Book Synopsis Intellectual Property Rights, Trade and Biodiversity by : Graham Dutfield
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights, Trade and Biodiversity written by Graham Dutfield and published by Earthscan. This book was released on 2000 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text examines the international agreements governing trade in genetic resources - crucial resources for world agriculture, food security and large industries such as pharmaceuticals. Intellectual Property Rights (IPRs) in these resources are critical for those involved in the trade, including industry and developing countries. The book analyzes the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), World Trade Organization agreements and other agreements. It explains how they can be integrated into an equitable training regime.
Book Synopsis Rights to Plant Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge by : Susette Biber-Klemm
Download or read book Rights to Plant Genetic Resources and Traditional Knowledge written by Susette Biber-Klemm and published by CABI. This book was released on 2006 with total page 434 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the means, instruments and institutions to create incentives to promote conservation and sustainable use of traditional knowledge and plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, in the framework of the world trade order. It approaches these topics on a broad basis: it analyses in depth the option to create specific sui generis intellectual property rights of the TRIPS Agreement. It then discusses the ways to support the maintenance of information which cannot be allocated to specific authors, and examines alternative concepts within the trade of traditionally generated information and related products. This book will be of significant interest to those studying and researching biotechnology, plant breeding, genetic resources, intellectual property law and agricultural economics.
Book Synopsis Intellectual Property Rights III Global Genetic Resources: Access and Property Rights by : Steve A. Eberhart
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights III Global Genetic Resources: Access and Property Rights written by Steve A. Eberhart and published by Soil Science Society of America. This book was released on 1998 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis People, Plants, and Patents by : Crucible Group
Download or read book People, Plants, and Patents written by Crucible Group and published by IDRC. This book was released on 1994 with total page 142 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: People, Plants and Patents: The impact of intellectual property on biodiversity, conservation, trade and rural society
Download or read book Seed Wars written by Keith Aoki and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Seed Wars is a comprehensive overview of the current domestic and international legal controversies regarding intellectual property protections for plant genetic resources (PGRs) over the past three decades. This book examines these controversies on three fronts: (1) the rise of intellectual property protections for plant varieties and the enclosure of the "genetic" commons; (2) the subsequent move of the agro-chemical industry from manufacturing fertilizers, pesticides, and herbicides to "manufacturing" seeds in the context of industrial agriculture; and (3) the emergence of overlapping regimes of domestic and multilateral treaties such as the Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property (TRIPS, 1994), the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD, 1992) and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources (ITPGR, 2004) from the 1990s on. Finally, this book speculates on possible directions that intellectual property protection for PGRs may take in the 21st century. While intellectual property protection for plants has been available in the United States since 1930, the decade of the 1960s saw the rise of Plant Variety Protections in Europe and by 1980, the U.S. Supreme Court embraced the idea that living organisms could be patented, paving the way for new plant varieties to receive utility patent protection in the U.S. "Seed Wars provides an excellent overview of the issues and suggests a range of options to overcome the ill effects of expanding intellectual property rights on access to plant genetic resources, seeds and plant varieties. Aoki does a nice job of drawing the linkage between IPRs and PGRs, without suggesting a return to the old Common Heritage system or arguing for a revision in the current IP regime." -- Law & Politics Book Review
Book Synopsis Genetic Resources, Equity and International Law by : Camena Guneratne
Download or read book Genetic Resources, Equity and International Law written by Camena Guneratne and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2012-01-01 with total page 335 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ÔThis book provides a clear analysis of the multi-level impacts of the existing international law regime related to genetic resources on developing countries. It does so through a cogent exposition of the different areas of the law pertaining to genetic resources that are relevant and impact on people's rights and livelihoods. Its focus on equity is a welcome addition to the literature.Õ Ð Philippe Cullet, University of London, UK ÔCamena GuneratneÕs thought-provoking book critically evaluates the clash between the private property approach to genetic resources embedded in international intellectual property conventions, and the competing values embedded in a variety of other conventions and laws. She contests key assumptions behind intellectual property regimes supporting genetic commerce, distinguishing the genetic ÒcommonsÓ from other types of resource. This book provides a comprehensive scholarly dealing with the topics noted in its title, but also should increase debate about policy failures in responding to the risks to the underprivileged of the instruments we use to pursue our economic interests of the majority.Õ Ð Paul Martin, University of New England, Australia ÔThis is a wonderful book. All too often in the quest to preserve biodiversity, we forget that the equation of equity has to be at the forefront of the debates on sustainable development. Dr Guneratne rectifies this mistake. In doing so, she shows us that in many of the most importance instances, we are not only losing large parts of the natural basis on which humanity depends, but also the ability to control the political and legal processes of which many of the world's poorest people depend. This linkage between biodiversity, politics and international law is of such a high calibre, that it is likely that this work will become a key text for students and scholars alike.Õ Ð Alexander Gillespie, University of Waikato, New Zealand This book examines current developments in international law which regulate the uses of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture, and the various property regimes which are applied to these resources by these international agreements. In the current context of the global food crisis, the development and stability of national agricultural systems is an urgent concern, particularly among developing countries. This stability, and national food security, will potentially be threatened if these countries are unable to have free access to agricultural crop plants. This book analyses a range of international agreements including the recently adopted Nagoya Protocol and demonstrates that in their current implementation they favour private ownership of these resources rather than free access. The book takes the position that this is inherently inequitable and these resources should be maintained in the public domain. This book will be of use to a wide range of readers from students and scholars to those working in the fields of trade and intellectual property, human rights, environmental conservation and advocacy on international issues. It contains a rigorous legal analysis of current international law development on the issue based on the negotiations which have taken place in the relevant forums, and will therefore be particularly useful to lawyers and legal scholars. It is also written in an uncomplicated style which makes it readily accessible to non-lawyers and the case studies and empirical data used throughout the book adds to its interest.
Book Synopsis International law of relevance to plant genetic resources: a practical review for scientists and other professionals working with plant genetic resources by : Susan Bragdon
Download or read book International law of relevance to plant genetic resources: a practical review for scientists and other professionals working with plant genetic resources written by Susan Bragdon and published by Bioversity International. This book was released on 2004 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: History and development. The FAO global system for the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture. The International treaty on plant genetic resources for dood and agriculture. The Convention on Biological Diversity. Origin and movement of OGR: implications for acess and benefit-sharing policies. The TRIPS agreement. UPOV. Phytosanitary and biosafety measures. Development and improvement of genetic resources. Cross-cutting issues. Economic issues.
Book Synopsis Intellectual Property Rights and Agriculture in Developing Countries by : Jeroen van Wijk
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights and Agriculture in Developing Countries written by Jeroen van Wijk and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 1998-06 with total page 131 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The proceedings of a seminar on the impact of plant breeders' rights in developing countries. Includes: the results of a study on plant breeders' rights in five Latin American countries; update of a 1983 study on plant breeders' rights in the U.S.; testing distinctness, uniformity & stability for plant variety protection; farmers' privilege, breeders' exemption & the essentially derived varieties concept; licensing of protected plant varieties -- international practice; possible effects of recent developments in plant-related intellectual property protection in Europe & the U.S.; & intellectual property rights & agriculture -- strategies & policies for developing countries.
Book Synopsis Intellectual Property Rights in Agricultural Biotechnology by : Frederic H. Erbisch
Download or read book Intellectual Property Rights in Agricultural Biotechnology written by Frederic H. Erbisch and published by CABI. This book was released on 2004 with total page 332 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past twenty-five years, biotechnology has revolutionized agricultural research. The enormous potential, together with a landmark decision by the US Supreme Court to allow the patenting of genetically-engineered organisms has encouraged private sector companies to invest in research programmes. This book (first edition in 1998) is now fully revised and updated, with five completely new chapters. It presents definitive information on intellectual property law in a simplified form.
Book Synopsis Intellectual Property and Biodiversity by : Michelangelo Temmerman
Download or read book Intellectual Property and Biodiversity written by Michelangelo Temmerman and published by Kluwer Law International B.V.. This book was released on 2011-12-12 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Biotechnology is at the heart of heated debates about ethics, safety, economic development, and about the control over the biological materials and technologies used. The latter, grossly called biodiversity issues relating to the application of intellectual property, has been the subject of a wealth of literature. Yet, the situation of animal genetic resources specifically has only marginally been addressed so far. Many books and articles address ‘biotechnology and agriculture’, but have only plants and seeds in mind. Case-law and specific regulation is equally scarce. Exacerbated by the so-called ‘erosion of animal genetic resources’, climate change, the globalization of the market-place, and a strong concentration of markets, animal genetic resources however demand specific analysis and adjustments in intellectual property law. The decoupling of rights over animal genetic resources as an abstract concept, from those over the concrete animals is a fact today. The application of patents in this context became a full-fledged part of the management of animal genetic resources. This monograph analyzes against this background the impact of the patent system on ownership traditions in agriculture, on animal welfare, and on biodiversity. It looks at how those factors in turn are likely to affect the shape of patent law, and how they should affect it. The author hereby focuses on important specific issues arising, including the following: the underlying elements deciding on the shape of regulation – innovation, economic development, agriculture, human rights, animal welfare, the conservation of resources, and equal trading conditions; the continuing applicability of trademarks, geographical indications, copyright, and trade secrets; patentability rules and exclusions; the extension of patent rights over progeny; the meaning of ‘essentially biotechnological processes’; the legal definitions of ‘morality’ and ‘ordre public’ in the context of animal welfare; and the future of international patent law in the context of global governance theories. With detailed investigation of how three major jurisdictions – the European Union, the United States, and Canada – have regulated the matter, the book highlights unresolved issues in the laws dealing with animal genetic resources. How do the usual principles of patent law affect ownership over animals in agriculture? To what extent is patent law in accordance with neighbouring fields of regulation, with relation to animal welfare? How can intellectual property be used to alter, stimulate, or tackle developments in the realm of the conservation and promotion of biodiversity? Questions like these are asked, checked upon the more technical country studies; and then used to put to test the adequacy of international patent regulation in a final chapter. As a deeply informed overview of the arguments and discussion points, this is the only book of its kind. It links general discussions to the often technical and complicated patent regulations, in the specific context of animal genetic resources. It is sure to bring lawyers in the field closer to the policy debates; and decision makers closer to the precise idiosyncrasies of patent law.
Book Synopsis Realising Farmers' Rights to Crop Genetic Resources by : Regine Andersen
Download or read book Realising Farmers' Rights to Crop Genetic Resources written by Regine Andersen and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2013-07-18 with total page 233 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Farmers' Rights are essential for maintaining crop genetic diversity, which is the basis of all food and agricultural production in the world. The International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture recognizes Farmers' Rights and provides for relevant measures. However, implementation is slow, and in many countries there is resistance. This book shows the necessity of realizing Farmers' Rights for poverty alleviation and food security, the practical possibilities of doing so, and the potential gains for development and society at large. It provides decision-makers and practitioners with a conceptual framework for understanding Farmers’ Rights and success stories showing how each of the elements of Farmers' Rights can be realized in practice. The success stories have brought substantial achievements as regards one or more of the four elements of Farmers' Rights: the rights of farmers to save, use, exchange and sell farm-saved seed; the protection of traditional knowledge; benefit- sharing; and participation in decision-making. This does not mean that these examples are perfect. Challenges encountered on the way are conveyed and offer important lessons. The stories represent different regions and localities, including Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America, as well as various categories of stakeholders and types of initiatives and policies.
Book Synopsis Agriculture and Intellectual Property Rights by : V. Santaniello
Download or read book Agriculture and Intellectual Property Rights written by V. Santaniello and published by CABI. This book was released on 2000 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Plant breeding patents, the ownership to biological innovation and associated intellectual property rights (IPR), are the subject of increased attention worldwide. They are particularly relevant in the field of agricultural biotechnology. They are affecting public and private sector organisations and companies, and are significant for developing as well as developed countries. These issues have until recently evoked little policy analysis. This book presents the perspectives of policy-makers and economists on such issues and includes discussions of public research and property rights, implications for developing countries, IPR of wild genetic resources and IPR under the Convention of Biological Diversity, among others.
Book Synopsis Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions by : World Intellectual Property Organization
Download or read book Intellectual Property and Genetic Resources, Traditional Knowledge and Traditional Cultural Expressions written by World Intellectual Property Organization and published by WIPO. This book was released on 2020-07-08 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: General information on the interface between intellectual property (IP) and traditional knowledge (TK), traditional cultural expressions (TCEs), and genetic resources (GRs). It briefly addresses the most important questions that arise when considering the role that IP principles and systems can play in protecting TK and TCEs from misappropriation, and in generating and equitably sharing benefits from their commercialization, and the role of IP in access to and benefit sharing in GRs.
Book Synopsis Food Security, Biological Diversity and Intellectual Property Rights by : Muriel Lightbourne
Download or read book Food Security, Biological Diversity and Intellectual Property Rights written by Muriel Lightbourne and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-04-15 with total page 331 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume advances the claim that the FAO International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA) adopted in 2001 is the only existing international agreement with the potential to promote food security, conservation of biodiversity and equity. However, for germplasm-rich countries, national interests come into conflict with the global interest. This work shows that the pursuit of national interests is counterproductive when it comes to maintaining genetic resources, food-security and rent-seeking and that optimally, the coverage of the FAO Treaty should be widened to apply to all crops.
