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Integrated Production Use Of Ultra Low Ash Coal Premium Liquids And Clean Char Interim Final Technical Report 1 September 1992 31 August 1993
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Book Synopsis Integrated Production/use of Ultra Low-ash Coal, Premium Liquids and Clean Char. Interim Final Technical Report, 1 September, 1992--31 August, 1993 by :
Download or read book Integrated Production/use of Ultra Low-ash Coal, Premium Liquids and Clean Char. Interim Final Technical Report, 1 September, 1992--31 August, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The ultimate objective of this project is to attain high-value, coal-derived products, especially varieties of char, from Illinois coal. The chars (carbons) made in this study, because of their special properties, could become the marketable materials having the highest value in the product set. Tests this quarter followed up on an unexpected correlation of surface properties of a variety of oxidized carbons with adsorption phenomena. Additional oxidized carbons were made at the ISGS and tests to establish the reproducibility of results were begun. Work will be continued through December on a no-cost extension.
Download or read book Energy Research Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1994-05 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Annual Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Annual Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1224 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Government Reports Announcements & Index by :
Download or read book Government Reports Announcements & Index written by and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 1496 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Final Technical Report by : Illinois Clean Coal Institute
Download or read book Final Technical Report written by Illinois Clean Coal Institute and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Krankenkasse für den Kanton Bern by :
Download or read book Krankenkasse für den Kanton Bern written by and published by . This book was released on 1912 with total page 5 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Interim Final Technical Report, September 1, 1991--August 31, 1992 by :
Download or read book Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Interim Final Technical Report, September 1, 1991--August 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated method consisting of physical coal cleaning, mild gasification (MG) and low temperature oxidation (LTO) is proposed to produce chars with SO[sub 2] emissions at least 50% lower than those of their parent coals. Mild gasification and char desulfurization studies are conducted in both a batch fluidized-bed reactor and in a continuous rotary kiln reactor. MG chars were subjected to a LTO step to remove additional sulfur. Under non-optimized conditions, SO[sub 2] emissions of the MG chars were decreased 657%, representing on average over 60% reduction in SO[sub 2] emissions from the coals. Physical coal cleaning, mild gasification and char desulfurization reduced the SO[sub 2] emissions of IBC-104 and IBC-105 coals about 71%. LTO chars prepared from four of the six coals tested had SO[sub 2] emissions of less than 2.5 lbs SO[sub 2]/MMBtu. The VM contents of LTO chars were about 18%, which includes contributions from stable C-0 complexes formed by adsorption of oxygen on the surface of the chars. The average yield of low sulfur char obtained after MG and LTO was nearly 64% by weight of the original coal. A series of LTO optimization tests were conducted using IBC-102 coal. Results suggest that the greatest reduction in SO[sub 2] emissions was obtained using smaller particle diameters, steam during both MG and LTO, a higher temperature and higher oxygen partial pressure. The order of importance of process variables on SO[sub 2] emissions reduction of coals was: particle diameter> steam pyrolysis> oxygen partial pressure> steam oxidation [much-gt] temperature.
Book Synopsis Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Interim Final Technical Report, September 1, 1991--December 31, 1992 by :
Download or read book Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Interim Final Technical Report, September 1, 1991--December 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated method consisting of physical coal cleaning, mild gasification (MG) and low temperature oxidation (LTO) is proposed to produce chars with S02 emissions at least 50% lower than those of their parent coals. MG and char desulfurization studies are conducted in both a batch fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) and in a continuous rotary tube kiln (RTK). Combustion properties and ash deposition behaviors of desulfurized chars are determined at the US EPA in a 14 kW pilot-scale combustor and at UNDEERC in a drop tube furnace (DTF). This project is cost-shared with the US EPA and the US DOE through UNDEERC. MG chars were prepared from l00 x 200 mesh size fractions of each of six coals selected from the Illinois Basin Coal (IBC) Sample Program in a FBR. under non-optimized conditions, desulfurized chars with S02 emissions 60--71% lower than the parent coals were made, depending on the coal. Chars prepared from four of the six coals had SO2 emissions less than 2.5 lbs S02/MMBtu. Optimization of LTO conditions revealed that the greatest reduction in S02 emissions was obtained using smaller particle diameters, steam during both MG and LTO, a higher temperature and higher oxygen partial pressure. Under optimized conditions, S02 emissions of one of the coals were reduced nearly 67%, from 4.60 to 1.49 lbs S02/MMBtu. About 40 pounds of low-sulfur char were prepared from IBC-102 in the RTK. The amount of sulfur removed in the RTK was less than in the FBR, and gave a char with S02 emissions of about 2.4 lbs S02/MMBtu. The greater sulfur removal in the FBR was attributed to a smaller mean particle diameter, better gas-solid contact and/or decreased partial pressure of S02.
Book Synopsis Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Quarterly Technical Report, December 1, 1992--February 28, 1993 by :
Download or read book Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Quarterly Technical Report, December 1, 1992--February 28, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated method consisting of physical coal cleaning, mild gasification (MG) and low temperature oxidation (LTO) is proposed to produce chars with SO2 emissions at least 50% lower than those of their parent coals. MG and char desulfurization studies are conducted in both a batch fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) and in a continuous rotary tube kiln (RTK). Combustion properties and ash deposition behaviors of desulfurized chars are determined at the US EPA in a 14 kill pilot-scale combustor and at UNDEERC in a drop tube furnace (DTF). This project is cost-shared with the US EPA and the US DOE through UNDEERC. During the first year of this two year project, six coals from the IBC sample program (IBC-101, 102, 104, 105, 106 and 109) were studied. Under non-optimized conditions, desulfurized chars with SO2 emissions 60--71% lower than the parent coals were made in the FBR, depending on the coal. Chars prepared from four of the six coals had SO2 emissions less than 2.5 lbs SO2/MMBtu. Under optimum conditions SO2 emissions of one of the coals were reduced nearly 67%, from 4.60 to 1.49 lbs SO2/MMBtu. MG reduced the chlorine content of one coal 93%. During the reporting period, about 160 pounds of -48 mesh IBC-102 coal were preoxidized in air at 150°C for 30 minutes in the RTK to minimize agglomeration during MG tests. MG of the preoxidized coal at 600°C produced about 75 pounds of char. About65 pounds of LTO char were prepared by oxidizing the MG char at 420,C for about 10 minutes. The amount of sulfur removed in the RTK was less than in the FBR, and gave a char with SO2 emissions of about 2.4 lbs SO2/MmBtu. The greater sulfur removal in the FBR was attributed to a smaller mean particle diameter, better gas-solid contact and/or a decreased partial pressure of SO2.
Download or read book Clean, Premium-quality Chars written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 30 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this two-year project was to evaluate methods of preparing demineralized and carbon enriched chars from Illinois Basin coals. The two processing steps, physical cleaning and devolatilization under different environments, led to the following results. Cleaning coal incompletely removes mineral matter which decreases catalytic activity and increases micropore structure. Water forms hydrogen bonds to oxygen functional groups in coal, and during drying, coals undergo structural changes which affect mild gasification. When methane reacts wit coal, devolatilization and carbon deposition occur, the rates of which depend on temperature and amount of ash. Thermal decomposition of IBC-101 coal starts at 300 C, which is much lower than previously believed, but maximum yields of liquids occur at 500 C for IBC-101 coal and at 550 C for IBC-102 coal. Aliphatic-to-aromatic ratios increase with increasing pyrolysis temperatures to 300 C and then decrease; therefore, liquids formed during gasification of 550 C or higher contain mainly aromatic compounds. Btu values of chars are higher after methane treatment than after helium treatment.
Book Synopsis Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. [Quarterly] Technical Report, March 1, 1993--May 31, 1993 by :
Download or read book Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. [Quarterly] Technical Report, March 1, 1993--May 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 9 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An integrated method consisting of physical coal cleaning, mild gasification (MG) and low temperature oxidation (LTO) is proposed to produce chars with SO2 emissions at least 50% lower than those of their parent coals. MG and char desulfurization studies are conducted in both a batch fluidized-bed reactor (FBR) and in a continuous rotary tube kiln (RTK). Combustion properties and ash deposition behaviors of desulfurized chars are determined at the US EPA in a 14 kill pilotscale combustor and at UNDEERC in a drop tube furnace (DTF). This project is cost-shared with the US EPA and the US DOE through UNDEERC. During the first year of this two year project, six coals from the IBC sample program (IBC-101, 102, 104, 105, 106 and 109) were studied. Under non-optimized conditions in the FBR, desulfurized chars were made with SO2 emissions 60--71% lower than the parent coals, depending on the coal. Chars prepared from four of the six coals had SO2 emissions less than 2.5 lbs SO2/MMBtu. Under optimum conditions, SO2 emissions of one of the coals were reduced nearly 67%, from 4.60 to 1.49 lbs SO2/MMBtu. MG reduced the chlorine content of one coal 93%.
Book Synopsis Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Technical Report, December 1, 1991--February 29, 1992 by :
Download or read book Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. Technical Report, December 1, 1991--February 29, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 14 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The overall objective of this two-year program is to produce low sulfur char using an integrated process scheme which combines physical coal cleaning, mild gasification and char desulfurization. The goal of the project is to produce chars with 50% or more lower sulfur emissions than that of the parent coal, and at minimum meet 1995 emission standards of 2.5 lbs S02/MMBtu. This project is a cooperative effort between the ISGS, UNDEERC and the US EPA and is cost-shared with the US EPA and the US DOE through UNDEERC. Mild gasification and char desulfurization studies are conducted with six coals selected from the Illinois Basin Coal (IBC) Sample Program in a batch fluidized-bed reactor at the ISGS. Pound quantities of chars for combustion testing are prepared in a continuous rotary kiln reactor under optimized conditions of mild gasification and char desulfurization. Burning characteristics and ash deposition behaviors of desulfurized chars are determined at the US EPA in a 14 kill pilot-scale combustor and at UNDEERC in a drop tube furnace (DTF). In some tests, methane is examined as an auxiliary fuel, and high-surface-area hydrated lime developed at ISGS is used to further reduce S02 emissions. Complete analyses of the fuels are obtained to aid char desulfurization studies and help explain combustion and S02 emission characteristics of the char.
Book Synopsis Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. [Quarterly] Report, March 1, 1992--May 31, 1992 by :
Download or read book Integrated Methods for Production of Clean Char and Its Combustion Properties. [Quarterly] Report, March 1, 1992--May 31, 1992 written by and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this program is to produce chars with SO2 emissions at least 50% lower than those of the parent coals, and which at minimum meet the year 1995 emission standard of 2.5 lbs SO2/MMBtu. This will be accomplished using an integrated process which combines physical coal cleaning, mild gasification and char desulfurization. This project is a cooperative effort between the ISGS, UNDEERC and the US EPA and is cost-shared with the US EPA and the US DOE through UNDEERC. Mild gasification and char desulfurization studies are conducted in a batch fluidized-bed reactor and a continuous rotary kiln reactor using six coals selected from the Illinois Basin Coal (IBC) Sample Program. Burning characteristics and ash deposition behaviors of desulfurized chars are determined at the US EPA in a 14 kill pilot-scale combustor and at UNDEERC in a drop tube furnace (DTF). Complete analyses of the fuels are obtained to aid char desulfurization studies and help explain combustion and SO2 emission characteristics of the chars. During this reporting period, preliminary low temperature oxidation (LTO) studies were conducted to desulfurize chars derived from mild gasification. Under non-optimized conditions, SO2 emissions (lbs SO2/MMBtu) of the six coals were reduced over 60%. Physical coal cleaning, mild gasification and char desulfurization reduced the SO2 emissions of two of the coals nearly 70%. Chars prepared from four of the six coals tested had SO2 emissions of less than 2.5 lbs SO2/MMBtu. The average yield of low sulfur char obtained after pyrolysis and LTO was nearly 64% by weight of the original coal. Thermogravimetric (TG) experiments showed that LTO chars are easier to burn than mild gasification chars, due to an increase in surface areas of desulfurized chars during oxygen treatment. Surface areas measured by nitrogen adsorption were 126 to 234 m2/g for LTO chars and
Book Synopsis Investigation of a Sulfur Reduction Technique for Mild Gasification Char. Final Technical Report, September 1, 1992--August 31, 1993 by :
Download or read book Investigation of a Sulfur Reduction Technique for Mild Gasification Char. Final Technical Report, September 1, 1992--August 31, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 42 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this program is to investigate the desulfurization of mild gasification char using H2:CH4 mixtures. Mild gasification of coal produces char, liquids, and gases at 1000°--1500°F and near-ambient pressure. Char, comprising 60--70% of the product, can be used to make high-value form coke for steel making and foundries. A sulfur content below 1 wt% is desirable, and char from high-sulfur Illinois coals must be upgraded to meet this criterion. In the first year of the program, Illinois No. 6 chars were treated in a batch fluidized bed with H2:CH4 blends containing 9--24 vol% CH4 at 1100°--1600°F and 50--200 psig. Sulfur removals up to 92.5 wt% were obtained, and the char desulfurization susceptibility was related to porosity, density, and carbon crystallite size. During the second year, the relationships among mild gasification parameters, char properties, char desulfurization susceptibility, and form coke properties were studied. Acid washing of coal to remove Ca and Fe was explored for its effect on subsequent sulfur removal, and secondary desulfurization of form coke produced from the desulfurized chars was studied. Desulfurization tests of entrained and fluidized-bed reactor chars from IBC-105 coal were completed. Acid-washing of the coal prior to mild gasification or the char prior to desulfurization increased its susceptibility to desulfurization, with sulfur content reduced to as low as 0.10 wt % dry char. Fluidized-bed chars were easier to desulfurize than entrained chars, with or without acid-washing. Form coke briquettes were prepared from selected chars and mild gasification pitch binder, and then carbonized under both N2 and H2:CH4 atmospheres. carbonization in H2:CH4 removed additional sulfur from the form coke. Adequate tensile strength (837 psi) was achieved in briquettes with 1.2 wt% sulfur made from desulfurized char.
Book Synopsis Refining and End Use Study of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, July - September 1996 by :
Download or read book Refining and End Use Study of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, July - September 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bechtel, with Southwest Research Institute, Amoco Oil R & D, and the M.W. Kellogg Co. as subcontractors, initiated a study on November 1, 1993, for the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE's) Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) to determine the most cost effective and suitable combination of existing petroleum refinery processes needed to make specification transportation fuels or blending stocks, from direct and indirect coal liquefaction product liquids. This 47-month study, with an approved budget of $4.4 million dollars, is being performed under DOE Contract Number DE-AC22-93PC91029. A key objective is to determine the most desirable ways of integrating coal liquefaction liquids into existing petroleum refineries to produce transportation fuels meeting current and future, e.g. year 2000, Clean Air Act Amendment (CAAA) standards. An integral part of the above objectives is to test the fuels or blends produced and compare them with established ASTM fuels. The comparison will include engine tests to ascertain compliance of the fuels produced with CAAA and other applicable fuel quality and performance standards. The final part of the project includes a detailed economic evaluation of the cost of processing the coal liquids to their optimum products. The cost analyses is for the incremental processing cost; in other words, the feed is priced at zero dollars. The study reflects costs for operations using state of the art refinery technology; no capital costs for building new refineries is considered. Some modifications to the existing refinery may be required. Economy of scale dictates the minimum amount of feedstock that should be processed. The major efforts conducted during the third quarter of 1996 were in the areas of hydrotreating production runs and FCC production run. 3 figs., 8 tabs.
Book Synopsis Production and Use of Activated Char for Combined SO2/NO3 Removal. Technical Report, September 1--November 30, 1993 by :
Download or read book Production and Use of Activated Char for Combined SO2/NO3 Removal. Technical Report, September 1--November 30, 1993 written by and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 19 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Carbon adsorbents have been shown to remove sulfur oxides from flue gas, and also serve as a catalyst for reduction of nitrogen oxides at temperatures between 80 and 150°C. The overall objective of this project is to determine whether Illinois coal is a suitable feed stock for the production of activated char which could be used as a catalyst for removal of SO2/NOx from combustion flue gas, and to evaluate the potential application of the products in flue gas cleanup. Key production variables will be identified to help design and engineer activated char with the proper pore structure and surface chemistry. During this reporting period, a series of chats was prepared from an Illinois coal (IBC-102). A 48×100 mesh size fraction of IBC-102 coal was physically cleaned to reduce its ash content from 5.5 to 3.6%. The clean coal was pyrolyzed in a fluidized-bed reactor at 500, 700 and 900°C. The surface area and oxygen content of the char was varied either by oxidation in 10% O2 or by nitric acid treatment. Steam activation or chemical activation using potassium hydroxide was employed to enhance surface area development. Nitrogen BET surface areas of the chars ranged from 1 to 800 M2/g.
Book Synopsis Refining and End Use Study of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, July-- September 1995 by :
Download or read book Refining and End Use Study of Coal Liquids. Quarterly Report, July-- September 1995 written by and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 21 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bechtel, with Southwest Research Institute, Amoco Oil R & D, and the M.W. Kellogg Co. as subcontractors, initiated a study on November 1, 1993, for the US Department of Energy's (DOE's) Pittsburgh Energy Technology Center (PETC) to determine the most cost effective and suitable combination of existing petroleum refinery processes needed to make specification transportation fuels or blending stocks, from direct and indirect coal liquefaction product liquids. A key objective is to determine the most desirable ways of integrating coal liquefaction liquids into existing petroleum refineries to produce transportation fuels meeting current and future, e.g. year 2000, Clean Air Act Amendment (CAAA) standards. An integral part of the above objectives is to test the fuels or blends produced and compare them with established ASTM fuels. The comparison will include engine tests to ascertain compliance of the fuels produced with CAAA and other applicable fuel quality and performance standards. The final part of the project includes a detailed economic evaluation of the cost of processing the coal liquids to their optimum products. The cost analyses is for the incremental processing cost; in other words, the feed is priced at zero dollars. The study reflects costs for operations using state of the art refinery technology; no capital costs for building new refineries is considered. Some modifications to the existing refinery may be required. Economy of scale dictates the minimum amount of feedstock that should be processed.
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