Instrumentation and Live Load Testing of I-girder Bridges for Cross-frame Fatigue Analysis

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 654 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (125 download)

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Book Synopsis Instrumentation and Live Load Testing of I-girder Bridges for Cross-frame Fatigue Analysis by : Esteban Zecchin

Download or read book Instrumentation and Live Load Testing of I-girder Bridges for Cross-frame Fatigue Analysis written by Esteban Zecchin and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 654 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The work outlined in this thesis is part of a larger study on the behavior of cross-frames in steel bridge systems. The study is funded by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP 12-113). The fundamental goals of the research investigation are to produce methodologies and design guidelines for the following: • evaluation of fatigue design stresses in cross-frames in straight and horizontally curved steel I-girder bridges; • calculation of minimum cross-frame strength and stiffness requirements for stability bracing of I-girders during construction and in-service; • development of improved methods to account for the influence of end connection details on cross-frame stiffness that extend beyond and improve upon the suggested guidance currently provided in Article C4.6.3.3.4 of the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. This work includes field monitoring and parametric FEA studies. The field studies are focused on three bridges: 1) a straight bridge with normal supports, 2) a straight bridge with skewed supports, and 3) a horizontally curved bridge. The field studies include rainflow monitoring of fatigue induced stresses in select cross-frames and the girders for a period of approximately 4 weeks as well as live load tests using trucks of known weights. This thesis focuses on the instrumentation and live load tests performed in the three bridges. In addition to the field data, an assessment of the most widely used commercial design software for steel bridges was carried out. The software was selected based upon a survey of several bridge owners and designers

Evaluation of Fatigue Design Load Models for Cross-frames in Steel I-girder Bridges

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 560 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (127 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Fatigue Design Load Models for Cross-frames in Steel I-girder Bridges by : Joshua Benjamin White

Download or read book Evaluation of Fatigue Design Load Models for Cross-frames in Steel I-girder Bridges written by Joshua Benjamin White and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 560 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: There have been a number of advances in the level of understanding of cross-frame systems for steel I-girder bridges; however, very little work has focused on the proper loading conditions to produce an adequate estimate of the fatigue load in cross-frames. The goal of this research is to provide an improved definition of the fatigue loading for cross-frames in straight, horizontally-curved, and skewed steel I-girder bridges which will be analyzed using refined analysis techniques. In order to compare load effects, three bridges were instrumented and monitored. The bridges include: i) a straight bridge with normal supports, ii) a straight bridge with skewed supports, and iii) a horizontally curved bridge with radial supports. Data gathered from the field instrumentation was used to validate three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) models that were used to carry out extensive parametric analyses to improve the understanding of the behavior of cross-frame stresses as a function of truck position on the bridge. A wide range of geometrical parameters of straight and horizontally curved bridges were used to understand the general behavior of the bridges. The primary objectives of this research include the following: 1) Investigate the adequacy of the current AASHTO (American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials) fatigue load model for the design of cross frames in steel I-girder bridges. 2) Investigate the effects of multiple presence on the design of cross-frames in steel I-girder bridges. 3) Investigate the reliability of the developed load model and identify the gaps in knowledge of cross-frame detail resistance data as it relates to the reliability of current design practices. These objectives were accomplished by examining recently collected, high-resolution, multi-lane weigh-in-motion (WIM) data, which represent actual truck traffic records in the US. The current AASHTO fatigue design load model was evaluated by comparing cross-frame load effects caused by the fatigue load model to load effects caused by simulated truck traffic representing actual live load. Influence surfaces generated from three-dimensional FEA models provided information on the stresses in select cross-frame members as a function on truck position on the bridge deck. WIM data representing real truck traffic (tens of millions of truck records) were filtered and analyzed; multi-lane data were analyzed using a cluster analysis. The statistical parameters of this WIM study were used to simulate actual live load on the three-dimensional bridge models and compare load effects to those generated by a fatigue design truck. The outcome of this study indicates the current fatigue design truck axle and weight configuration and placement of the fatigue design truck to maximize design-controlling fatigue effects for both the Fatigue I and Fatigue II AASHTO limit states is overly conservative. Stochastic techniques were used to investigate the implications of new load factors in the context of reliability-based fatigue design

Experimental and Analytical Evaluation of Cross-frame Fatigue Behavior in Steel I-girder Bridges

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (134 download)

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Book Synopsis Experimental and Analytical Evaluation of Cross-frame Fatigue Behavior in Steel I-girder Bridges by : Matthew Craig Reichenbach

Download or read book Experimental and Analytical Evaluation of Cross-frame Fatigue Behavior in Steel I-girder Bridges written by Matthew Craig Reichenbach and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cross-frames are important structural components that serve many functions throughout the service life of steel I-girder bridge systems. They primarily act as stability braces to enhance the lateral-torsional buckling resistance of the girders during erection and deck construction, but also distribute live loads in the final composite condition. Under repetitive load cycles caused by heavy truck passages, cross-frames and their connections are susceptible to load-induced fatigue cracking if not properly designed. Cross-frames have historically been detailed and fabricated based on general rules-of-thumb and experience. In recent years, however, developments in bridge design specifications have necessitated the modernization of cross-frame design and analysis practices. Cross-frames are now designed and detailed based on rational analysis for all stages of construction and service life, which has further emphasized the importance of accurate and reliable analysis techniques and design criteria. Although considerable research over the past several decades has improved cross-frame design and analysis, the design industry has generally lacked quantitively based guidance on load-induced behavior of cross-frames in composite, in-service bridges. As such, this dissertation explores two major concepts: (i) the influence of skewed and curved superstructure geometry on the fatigue response of cross-frames and (ii) the limitations of simplified analysis techniques commonly utilized in commercial software programs with respect to estimating cross-frame force effects. Field experiments were performed on three steel I-girder bridges in the greater Houston area, and the stress ranges induced in key cross-frame members from truck traffic were monitored for one month each. Upon validating a finite-element approach with the measured data, an extensive analytical parametric study was conducted to expand the breadth and depth of knowledge gained from the limited field studies. In general, the load-induced fatigue behavior of conventional X- and K-type cross-frames were examined for a variety of bridge geometries commonly found in the United States. These analyses were performed with different levels of computational refinement, ranging from sophisticated three-dimensional approaches to simplified two-dimensional approaches. Based on the data collected and processed from the experimental and analytical studies, recommendations are proposed to improve the design and analysis of cross-frames in composite bridge structures. Because cross-frames represent a costly component of fabrication and erection, these recommendations ultimately lead to improved efficiency and economy of new steel bridge construction

Instrumentation, Proof-testing and Monitoring of Three Reinforced Concrete Deck-on-steel Girder Bridges Prior to During, and After Superload

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 126 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis Instrumentation, Proof-testing and Monitoring of Three Reinforced Concrete Deck-on-steel Girder Bridges Prior to During, and After Superload by : Ahmet Turer

Download or read book Instrumentation, Proof-testing and Monitoring of Three Reinforced Concrete Deck-on-steel Girder Bridges Prior to During, and After Superload written by Ahmet Turer and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 126 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Guidelines for Analysis Methods and Construction Engineering of Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges

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Publisher : Transportation Research Board
ISBN 13 : 0309258391
Total Pages : 199 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)

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Book Synopsis Guidelines for Analysis Methods and Construction Engineering of Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges by :

Download or read book Guidelines for Analysis Methods and Construction Engineering of Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges written by and published by Transportation Research Board. This book was released on 2012 with total page 199 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "TRB's National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) Report 725: Guidelines for Analysis Methods and Construction Engineering of Curved and Skewed Steel Girder Bridges offers guidance on the appropriate level of analysis needed to determine the constructability and constructed geometry of curved and skewed steel girder bridges. When appropriate in lieu of a 3D analysis, the guidelines also introduce improvements to 1D and 2D analyses that require little additional computational costs."--Publication information.

Instrumentation, Testing, and Monitoring of a Newly Constructed Reinforced Concrete Deck-on-steel Girder Bridge

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 402 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis Instrumentation, Testing, and Monitoring of a Newly Constructed Reinforced Concrete Deck-on-steel Girder Bridge by :

Download or read book Instrumentation, Testing, and Monitoring of a Newly Constructed Reinforced Concrete Deck-on-steel Girder Bridge written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 402 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The measurement and documentation of construction and service effects for a steel stringer bridge will permit evaluation of the complete state of force in a bridge over its lifetime, together with the corresponding causative effects or events. Accumulated versus transient stresses and forces are evaluated through a regular regimen of long-term monitoring, diagnostic truckload and modal impact testing, and structural analysis.

Cross-frame Stiffness Modification Factors for Composite Steel I-girder Bridges

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 378 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (127 download)

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Book Synopsis Cross-frame Stiffness Modification Factors for Composite Steel I-girder Bridges by : Sunghyun Park

Download or read book Cross-frame Stiffness Modification Factors for Composite Steel I-girder Bridges written by Sunghyun Park and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 378 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: When analyzing steel I-girder bridges, the approach used to model cross-frames can significantly impact performance predictions for girder stability during construction and for cross-frame fatigue under in-service traffic loading. A common practice is to model cross-frame members as truss members subject to axial forces only. Recent research has shown that this approach can lead to erroneous predictions of cross-frame stiffness and cross-frame member forces. Actual cross-frames are typically constructed using single-angle members with gusset plate connections that introduce significant out-of-plane eccentricity and in-plane rotational restraint. These connection effects combined with the complex bending behavior of single-angles results in significant bending of the cross-frame members. This bending behavior can significantly change the axial stiffness of the cross-frame member and potentially introduce large errors in truss element models. The objective of this research is to study the behavior of cross-frames in steel I-girder bridges to better understand their stiffness and internal force distributions during in-service traffic loading on the completed bridge as well as during construction of the bridge. The research involves development of high-fidelity three-dimensional finite element models of steel I-girder bridge systems, with predicted cross-frame response validated using laboratory experimental data as well as data from field instrumentation of in-service bridges. The validated models are then used to conduct parametric finite element studies to examine a wide range of bridge and cross-frame geometries. Based on the results from the parametric studies, stiffness modification factor for truss element models is developed to improve the analysis of cross-frames in steel I-girder bridges

Strength Capacity of Steel Girder Bridges

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (555 download)

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Book Synopsis Strength Capacity of Steel Girder Bridges by : Steve Kathol

Download or read book Strength Capacity of Steel Girder Bridges written by Steve Kathol and published by . This book was released on 1995 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Live-Load Test and Finite-Element Model Analysis of a Steel Girder Bridge

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Live-Load Test and Finite-Element Model Analysis of a Steel Girder Bridge by : Jake L. Morrill

Download or read book Live-Load Test and Finite-Element Model Analysis of a Steel Girder Bridge written by Jake L. Morrill and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Utah Transportation Center, in conjunction with the Mountain Plains Consortium, sponsored a study that investigated the distribution factors and load ratings of a continuous, steel I-girder bridge. The SH-52 Bridge over the Snake River is located on the Idaho-Oregon border near Payette, Idaho. The bridge was built in the 19500́9s and presently supports two lanes of traffic. A finite-element model of the bridge was calibrated with the results from a liveload test. For the live-load test, the bridge was instrumented at nine longitudinal cross section locations with 62 strain gauges attached on the girders, stringers, and intermediate diaphragms. The live-load was applied with two heavy trucks that were driven along three predetermined load paths. The calibrated finite-element model was used to quantify moment distribution factors and load ratings for the bridge. The finite-element distribution factors were compared to those calculated according to the AASHTO Standard and AASHTO LRFD Specifications. The distribution factors from both AASHTO codes were found to be unconservative for the girders and overly conservative for the stringers. The model was also used to quantify the effect of the transverse diaphragm members on the live-load distribution. Distribution factors were calculated with and without the diaphragm members. The diaphragms were found to increase the distribution of moments by over 20% for both positive and negative moments.

A Guide for the Field Testing of Bridges

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 86 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (89 download)

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Book Synopsis A Guide for the Field Testing of Bridges by : American Society of Civil Engineers. Committee on Safety of Bridges

Download or read book A Guide for the Field Testing of Bridges written by American Society of Civil Engineers. Committee on Safety of Bridges and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 86 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Live Load Testing and Analysis of a 48-Year-Old Double Tee Girder Bridge

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (97 download)

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Book Synopsis Live Load Testing and Analysis of a 48-Year-Old Double Tee Girder Bridge by : Victor J. Torres

Download or read book Live Load Testing and Analysis of a 48-Year-Old Double Tee Girder Bridge written by Victor J. Torres and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A 48-year-old prestressed double tee girder bridge located on Icy Springs road in Coalville, Utah, was tested for live load. The test measured strains, deflections and rotations. The instruments used for measuring the respective measurements were strain gages, deflectometers ("twangers") and tiltmeters. From the recorded measurements a finite element model (FEM) was calibrated to validate the modeling techniques based on the test data. The FEM implemented two joint link elements to connect the flanges of the FEM deck to model the transverse load distribution of the bridge deteriorated shear connectors. The abutment restraints were modeled by one joint link elements. The deck and the stems were modeled using shell element. After validating the modeling techniques, a parametric study was developed to study the prediction of FEM girder distribution factors (GDF). The FEM GDF predictions were compared to the prediction proposed by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in the provision AASHTO LRFD 2010. The parametric study considered the variable parameters of span length, slab thickness, number of double tees, angle of skew, and stem spacing. The AASHTO specification provides an inaccurate prediction, therefore a new statistical model was proposed to better predict GDF. Furthermore, rating factors based on different girder distribution factors were studied for the Icy Springs bridge. The bridge has a passing rate for operating level.

Live Load Test and Finite Element Model Analysis of a Box Girder Bridge for the Long Term Bridge Performance Program

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 109 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (75 download)

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Book Synopsis Live Load Test and Finite Element Model Analysis of a Box Girder Bridge for the Long Term Bridge Performance Program by : Dereck J. Hodson

Download or read book Live Load Test and Finite Element Model Analysis of a Box Girder Bridge for the Long Term Bridge Performance Program written by Dereck J. Hodson and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 109 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Long Term Bridge Performance (LTBP) Program is a 20-year program initiated by the Federal Highway Administration to better understand the behavior of highway bridges as they deteriorate due to environmental variables and vehicle loads. Part of this program includes the periodic testing of selected bridges. The Lambert Road Bridge was subjected to nondestructive testing in the fall of 2009. Part of this testing included a live load test. This test involved driving two heavy trucks across the instrumented bridge on selected load paths. The bridge was instrumented with strain, displacement, and tilt sensors. This collected data was used to calibrate a finite element model. This finite element model was used to determine the theoretical live load distribution factors. Using the controlling distribution factor from the finite element model, the inventory and operating ratings of the bridge were determined. These load ratings were compared to those obtained from using the controlling distribution factor from the AASHTO LRFD Specifications. This thesis also examined how different parameters such as span length, girder spacing, parapets, skew, continuity, deck overhang, and deck thickness affect the distribution factors of box girder bridges. This was done by creating approximately 40 finite element models and comparing the results to those obtained by using the AASHTO LRFD Specifications.

Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 1439852081
Total Pages : 664 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (398 download)

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Book Synopsis Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition by : Wai-Fah Chen

Download or read book Bridge Engineering Handbook, Second Edition written by Wai-Fah Chen and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2014-01-24 with total page 664 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over 140 experts, 14 countries, and 89 chapters are represented in the second edition of the Bridge Engineering Handbook. This extensive collection highlights bridge engineering specimens from around the world, contains detailed information on bridge engineering, and thoroughly explains the concepts and practical applications surrounding the subject. Published in five books: Fundamentals, Superstructure Design, Substructure Design, Seismic Design, and Construction and Maintenance, this new edition provides numerous worked-out examples that give readers step-by-step design procedures, includes contributions by leading experts from around the world in their respective areas of bridge engineering, contains 26 completely new chapters, and updates most other chapters. It offers design concepts, specifications, and practice, as well as the various types of bridges. The text includes over 2,500 tables, charts, illustrations, and photos. The book covers new, innovative and traditional methods and practices; explores rehabilitation, retrofit, and maintenance; and examines seismic design and building materials. The fifth book, Construction and Maintenance contains 19 chapters, and covers the practical issues of bridge structures. What’s New in the Second Edition: Includes nine new chapters: Steel Bridge Fabrication, Cable-Supported Bridge Construction, Accelerated Bridge Construction, Bridge Management Using Pontis and Improved Concepts, Bridge Maintenance, Bridge Health Monitoring, Nondestructive Evaluation Methods for Bridge Elements, Life-Cycle Performance Analysis and Optimization, and Bridge Construction Methods Rewrites the Bridge Construction Inspection chapter and retitles it as: Bridge Construction Supervision and Inspection Expands and rewrites the Maintenance Inspection and Rating chapter into three chapters: Bridge Inspection, Steel Bridge Evaluation and Rating, and Concrete Bridge Evaluation and Rating; and the Strengthening and Rehabilitation chapter into two chapters: Rehabilitation and Strengthening of Highway Bridge Superstructures, and Rehabilitation and Strengthening of Orthotropic Steel Bridge Decks This text is an ideal reference for practicing bridge engineers and consultants (design, construction, maintenance), and can also be used as a reference for students in bridge engineering courses.

Evaluation of Portable Instrument for Load History Study on Bridges

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluation of Portable Instrument for Load History Study on Bridges by : John H. Kennedy

Download or read book Evaluation of Portable Instrument for Load History Study on Bridges written by John H. Kennedy and published by . This book was released on 1980 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 8 bridges were monitored with developmental load history recorders.

Finite Element Analysis of Fatigue Prone Details of the Tuttle Creek Bridge

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 108 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (186 download)

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Book Synopsis Finite Element Analysis of Fatigue Prone Details of the Tuttle Creek Bridge by :

Download or read book Finite Element Analysis of Fatigue Prone Details of the Tuttle Creek Bridge written by and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 108 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many older steel girder bridges exhibit distortion-induced fatigue cracking at the cross-frame to girder connections. In a two-girder bridge like the Tuttle Creek Bridge there are no redundant load paths and this problem is of even greater concern. The primary girders of the bridge structure are fatigue critical elements and even when such cracks are relatively small they must be examined extensively. The Tuttle Creek Bridge, built in 1962, developed distortion-induced fatigue cracks in the web gap region. The crack prevention repairs of 1986 were not effective and continued crack growth was observed. The bridge was again repaired recently in the summer of 2005. A finite element study is performed in this study for a typical intermediate girder span, to characterize the behavior of fatigue critical details and to evaluate the effectiveness of the newly installed retrofits. A dual-level finite element analysis was performed using macro-level models of the entire bridge structure and micro-level models of some portions of the bridge under investigation. The finite element procedure was found to be efficient and accurate. The models were calibrated using field strain data obtained from two field tests done before and after the retrofits. The analytical results were in good agreement with the measured field data. The analysis shows that the top flange web gap region is the most susceptible to distortion-induced fatigue. The study successfully explains the observed crack patterns on the bridge. The study indicates a significant reduction in web gap stresses after the retrofit. The retrofit also reduces stresses in the gusset plate region and eliminates the stress concentration near the weld terminations. Based upon the most critical detail and assuming that the traffic volume doubles from the present ADTT of 65, the service life of the bridge is estimated to be over one hundred years.

Evaluating the Role of Cross-frames in Stress Distribution of Steel I-girder Bridges by "holistic" Assessment of Finite Element Analysis Data

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780355466416
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (664 download)

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Book Synopsis Evaluating the Role of Cross-frames in Stress Distribution of Steel I-girder Bridges by "holistic" Assessment of Finite Element Analysis Data by : Matija Radovic

Download or read book Evaluating the Role of Cross-frames in Stress Distribution of Steel I-girder Bridges by "holistic" Assessment of Finite Element Analysis Data written by Matija Radovic and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Stress distributions of main bridge components (girders, deck and cross-frames were extracted) from the models and evaluated using “holistic” level approach. The “holistic” level approach refers to comprehensive assessment of all FEA stress distribution data, not only peak values. The results showed that by using “holistic” evaluation of stress distribution data, we were able to identify and quantify best performing cross-frame configuration. However, results also indicate that removing cross-frames from bridges did not substantially affected stress distributions throughout the bridge. This finding was further strengthen by Tensor decomposition analysis of stress distribution data. This method found that removing cross-frames from the bridge models did not affect substantially stress distributions at design load levels. Although, removing cross-frames from the bridge models did affect stress distribution at first yield and system yield load level, it did not affect overall system capacity of the bridge.

Load Testing of Bridges

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Publisher : CRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780429265426
Total Pages : 376 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (654 download)

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Book Synopsis Load Testing of Bridges by : Eva O. L. Lantsoght

Download or read book Load Testing of Bridges written by Eva O. L. Lantsoght and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2019 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Load Testing of Bridges, featuring contributions from almost fifty authors from around the world across two interrelated volumes, deals with the practical aspects, the scientific developments, and the international views on the topic of load testing of bridges. Volume 12, Load Testing of Bridges: Current practice and Diagnostic Load Testing, starts with a background to bridge load testing, including the historical perspectives and evolutions, and the current codes and guidelines that are governing in countries around the world. The second part of the book deals with preparation, execution, and post-processing of load tests on bridges. The third part focuses on diagnostic load testing of bridges. This work will be of interest to researchers and academics in the field of civil/structural engineering, practicing engineers and road authorities worldwide.