Read Books Online and Download eBooks, EPub, PDF, Mobi, Kindle, Text Full Free.
Injection And Ignition Characteristics Of Gaseous Fuel Jets For Low Emission Engines
Download Injection And Ignition Characteristics Of Gaseous Fuel Jets For Low Emission Engines full books in PDF, epub, and Kindle. Read online Injection And Ignition Characteristics Of Gaseous Fuel Jets For Low Emission Engines ebook anywhere anytime directly on your device. Fast Download speed and no annoying ads. We cannot guarantee that every ebooks is available!
Book Synopsis Injection and Ignition Characteristics of Gaseous Fuel Jets for Low-emission Engines by : Hengameh Delbari
Download or read book Injection and Ignition Characteristics of Gaseous Fuel Jets for Low-emission Engines written by Hengameh Delbari and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Application of renewable natural gas (RNG) and hydrogen (H2) in internal combustion engines with a direct injection (DI) configuration leads to improved thermal efficiency and reduced CO2. Because of the high nozzle pressure ratios (NPR) relevant to DI, typically an under-expanded jet is formed past the nozzle exit. Transient jet development affects ignition and combustion properties, and consequently performance and emissions of the engines significantly. In this research, the effects of parameters including injection pressure, gas type and composition, and back pressure on the characteristics of the gaseous jets have been experimentally investigated. The ignition properties of these jets have been studied using a hot surface. Results indicate that the NPR has the most significant effect on the jets' penetration rate. Additionally, adding H2 to natural gas contributes considerably to improve ignition properties of the gaseous mixture. The results are of value to support future modeling and engine development.
Book Synopsis Autoignition and Emission Characteristics of Gaseous Fuel Direct-injection Compression-ignition Combustion by :
Download or read book Autoignition and Emission Characteristics of Gaseous Fuel Direct-injection Compression-ignition Combustion written by and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Heavy-duty natural gas engines offer air pollution and energy diversity benefits. However, current homogeneous-charge lean-burn engines suffer from impaired efficiency and high unburned fuel emissions. Natural gas direct-injection engines offer the potential of diesel-like efficiencies, but require further research. To improve understanding of the autoignition and emission characteristics of natural gas direct-injection compression-ignition combustion, the effects of key operating parameters (including injection pressure, injection duration, and pre-combustion temperature) and gaseous fuel composition(including the effects of ethane, hydrogen and nitrogen addition) were studied. An experimental investigation was carried out on a shock tube facility. Ignition delay, ignition kernel location, and NOx emissions were measured. The results indicated that the addition of ethane to the fuel resulted in a decrease in ignition delay and a significant increase in NOx emissions. The addition of hydrogen to the fuel resulted in a decrease in ignition delay and a significant decrease in NOx emissions. Diluting the fuel with nitrogen resulted in an increase in ignition delay and a significant decrease in NOx emissions. Increasing pre-combustion temperature resulted in a significant reduction in ignition delay, and a significant increase in NOx emissions. Modest increase in injection pressure reduced the ignition delay; increasing injection pressure resulted in higher NOx emissions. The effects of ethane, hydrogen, and nitrogen addition on the ignition delay of methane were also successfully predicted by FlameMaster simulation. OH radical distribution in the flame was visualized utilizing Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF). Single-shot OH-PLIF images revealed the stochastic nature of the autoignition process of non-premixed methane jets. Examination of the convergence of the ensemble-averaged OH-PLIF images showed that increasing the number of repeat experiments was the most.
Book Synopsis Optical Investigation of the Combustion Process of Energy-assisted Compression-ignition for Low Cetane Number Sustainable Aviation Fuels by : Eri Ramiro Amezcua Cuellar
Download or read book Optical Investigation of the Combustion Process of Energy-assisted Compression-ignition for Low Cetane Number Sustainable Aviation Fuels written by Eri Ramiro Amezcua Cuellar and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Jet fuels lack a specification on the cetane number (CN) and the CN of petroleum-derived jet fuels can vary from 30 to over 50. The push to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from aviation has led to the development and approval of a range of sustainable jet fuels with even wider potential variation in CNs, ranging from ~15 to ~60. This wide CN variation can lead to misfire and "flame-out" when compression-ignition engines used in small aircraft are operated at altitude. Ground vehicle CI engines are designed to operate on #2 diesel, which has a minimum CN of 40. This work investigates an approach to overcome the challenges associated with operating CI engines on jet fuels with widely varying fuel reactivity. The approach involves depositing thermal energy locally in-cylinder with an ignition assistant (IA) to aid the ignition and combustion of low reactivity fuels, here termed energy-assisted compression-ignition (EACI). Multiple studies were performed in this work to understand various aspects of the EACI combustion process: the ignition and combustion of the fuel jet interacting with an ignition assistant, split-injection injection strategy impacts on the ability to achieve complete stable combustion with acceptable pressure rise rates, and the potential for custom piston bowl shapes to improve the EACI combustion process. Throughout the work, seven fuels were utilized, covering a wide range of CNs, from 2 to 48. The fuels used were a highly-branched alcohol-to-jet fuel (ATJ), F-24 (Jet-A with military additives), two binary blends of ATJ with F-24, toluene, ethanol, and methanol (the last three fuels were only studied with respect to there initial ignition characteristics). In-cylinder pressure measurements, OH chemiluminescence imaging, and schlieren imaging were employed to assess the EACI ignition and combustion process. The results indicate there is an IA temperature threshold of ~1300-1350 K above which the ignition delay for the fuel jet interacting with the IA is independent of fuel CN. However, shot-to-shot variability of the injector and potentially turbulent fluctuations in the fuel jet result in a somewhat stochastic process and cycle-to-cycle variability in ignition for the experimental setup used in this work. Results from split-injection strategies indicate that three different combustion modes can occur during EACI combustion, dependent on fuel reactivity and operating parameters: jet-to-jet propagation, end-gas autoignition, and mixing-controlled combustion. Based on the results, achieving mixing-controlled combustion is desirable as it results in lower pressure rise rate and higher combustion efficiency. The results also showed that custom piston bowl designs could be successfully used to promote mixing-controlled combustion, improving the combustion process. However, small changes in bowl design or operation parameters can result in negative impacts on the combustion process. Taken together, the results provide a first of their kind base of knowledge that can be built on to design efficient EACI combustion engines capable of running on fuels with CNs ranging from 2 to greater than 48.
Book Synopsis Flow Visualisation of Natural Gas Fuel Injection by : Eric Jason Brombacher
Download or read book Flow Visualisation of Natural Gas Fuel Injection written by Eric Jason Brombacher and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Advances in Compression Ignition Natural Gas – Diesel Dual Fuel Engines by : Hongsheng Guo
Download or read book Advances in Compression Ignition Natural Gas – Diesel Dual Fuel Engines written by Hongsheng Guo and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2021-03-23 with total page 125 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Gasoline Compression Ignition Technology by : Gautam Kalghatgi
Download or read book Gasoline Compression Ignition Technology written by Gautam Kalghatgi and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-01-17 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on gasoline compression ignition (GCI) which offers the prospect of engines with high efficiency and low exhaust emissions at a lower cost. A GCI engine is a compression ignition (CI) engine which is run on gasoline-like fuels (even on low-octane gasoline), making it significantly easier to control particulates and NOx but with high efficiency. The state of the art development to make GCI combustion feasible on practical vehicles is highlighted, e.g., on overcoming problems on cold start, high-pressure rise rates at high loads, transients, and HC and CO emissions. This book will be a useful guide to those in academia and industry.
Book Synopsis Alternative Fuels and Advanced Combustion Techniques as Sustainable Solutions for Internal Combustion Engines by : Akhilendra Pratap Singh
Download or read book Alternative Fuels and Advanced Combustion Techniques as Sustainable Solutions for Internal Combustion Engines written by Akhilendra Pratap Singh and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-05-15 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This monograph covers different aspects related to utilization of alternative fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines with a focus on biodiesel, dimethyl ether, alcohols, biogas, etc. The focal point of this book is to present engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics of IC engines fueled by these alternative fuels. A section of this book also covers the potential strategies of utilization of these alternative fuels in an energy efficient manner to reduce the harmful pollutants emitted from IC engines. It presents the comparative analysis of different alternative fuels in a variety of engines to show the appropriate alternative fuel for specific types of engines. This book will prove useful for both researchers as well as energy experts and policy makers.
Book Synopsis Hydrogen Energy Conversion and Management by : Mohammad Masud Kamal Khan
Download or read book Hydrogen Energy Conversion and Management written by Mohammad Masud Kamal Khan and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2023-09-24 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Hydrogen Energy Conversion and Management presents the challenges and solutions to the use of hydrogen as the significant energy source of the future. With a focus on the theory and recent technological developments, this book comprehensively addresses the production, storage, and real-world applications of hydrogen. Divided into four sections, Section 1 provides an overview of hydrogen technology, including environmental sustainability and the fundamentals of the hydrogen economy and future energy security. Section 2 examines the latest technologies for efficient and costeffective production of hydrogen, while Section 3 examines the latest technologies for efficient storage and transportation. Finally, Section 4 critically analyzes the challenges, solutions, and implementation prospects for a hydrogen-based fuel economy. Hydrogen Energy Conversion and Management is an invaluable resource for researchers and practitioners involved in the hydrogen economy and for graduates and research students on multidisciplinary subjects involving renewable energy. Examines the latest technological developments in hydrogen production, storage, and transportation alongside technological solutions to their real-world applications. Provides step-by-step guidance on new methods, processes, and simulations, supported by experimental data, including hydrogen production from waste. Focuses on green hydrogen generation methods, including novel approaches in production and storage and practical applications.
Book Synopsis Advanced Combustion Technologies for Low Carbon Emissions by : Jun Li
Download or read book Advanced Combustion Technologies for Low Carbon Emissions written by Jun Li and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2023-07-10 with total page 119 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts by : Isabella Nova
Download or read book Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts written by Isabella Nova and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2014-03-14 with total page 715 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Urea-SCR Technology for deNOx After Treatment of Diesel Exhausts presents a complete overview of the selective catalytic reduction of NOx by ammonia/urea. The book starts with an illustration of the technology in the framework of the current context (legislation, market, system configurations), covers the fundamental aspects of the SCR process (catalysts, chemistry, mechanism, kinetics) and analyzes its application to useful topics such as modeling of full scale monolith catalysts, control aspects, ammonia injections systems and integration with other devices for combined removal of pollutants.
Book Synopsis Modeling Injection and Ignition in Direct Injection Natural Gas Engines by : Xu (Stewart). Cheng
Download or read book Modeling Injection and Ignition in Direct Injection Natural Gas Engines written by Xu (Stewart). Cheng and published by . This book was released on 2008 with total page 494 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With increasing concerns about the harmful effects of conventional liquid fossil fuel emissions, natural gas has become a very attractive alternative fuel to power prime movers and stationary energy conversion devices. This research studies the injection and ignition numerically for natural gas (mainly methane) as a fuel applied to diesel engine.Natural gas injector and glow plug ignition enhancement are two of the most technical difficulties for direct injection natural gas engine design. This thesis models the natural gas injector, and studies the characteristics of the internal flow in the injector and natural gas jet in the combustion chamber during the injection process. The poppet valve model and pintle valve model are the first reported models to simulate the natural gas injector to improve the traditional velocity and pressure boundary conditions.This thesis also successfully models the glow plug assisted natural gas ignition and combustion processes by developing a glow plug discretized model and a novel virtual gas sub-layer model. Glow plug discretized model can describe the transient heat transfer, and adequately represents the thin layers of heat penetration and the local temperature difference due to the cold gas jet impingement. The virtual gas sub-layer model considers complicated physical processes, such as chemical reaction, heat conduction, and mass diffusion within the virtual sub-layers without significantly increasing computational time and load.KIVA-3V CFD code was chosen to simulate the fluid flow. Since the KIVA-3V is designed specifically for engine research application with conventional liquid fuels, many modifications have been implemented to facilitate this research.
Book Synopsis Modeling Injection and Ignition in Direct Injection Natural Gas Engines by : Xu Jr Cheng
Download or read book Modeling Injection and Ignition in Direct Injection Natural Gas Engines written by Xu Jr Cheng and published by . This book was released on with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles by : National Research Council
Download or read book Assessment of Fuel Economy Technologies for Light-Duty Vehicles written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-03 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Various combinations of commercially available technologies could greatly reduce fuel consumption in passenger cars, sport-utility vehicles, minivans, and other light-duty vehicles without compromising vehicle performance or safety. Assessment of Technologies for Improving Light Duty Vehicle Fuel Economy estimates the potential fuel savings and costs to consumers of available technology combinations for three types of engines: spark-ignition gasoline, compression-ignition diesel, and hybrid. According to its estimates, adopting the full combination of improved technologies in medium and large cars and pickup trucks with spark-ignition engines could reduce fuel consumption by 29 percent at an additional cost of $2,200 to the consumer. Replacing spark-ignition engines with diesel engines and components would yield fuel savings of about 37 percent at an added cost of approximately $5,900 per vehicle, and replacing spark-ignition engines with hybrid engines and components would reduce fuel consumption by 43 percent at an increase of $6,000 per vehicle. The book focuses on fuel consumption-the amount of fuel consumed in a given driving distance-because energy savings are directly related to the amount of fuel used. In contrast, fuel economy measures how far a vehicle will travel with a gallon of fuel. Because fuel consumption data indicate money saved on fuel purchases and reductions in carbon dioxide emissions, the book finds that vehicle stickers should provide consumers with fuel consumption data in addition to fuel economy information.
Book Synopsis Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies by : Ting Wang
Download or read book Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies written by Ting Wang and published by Woodhead Publishing. This book was released on 2016-11-26 with total page 929 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) Technologies discusses this innovative power generation technology that combines modern coal gasification technology with both gas turbine and steam turbine power generation, an important emerging technology which has the potential to significantly improve the efficiencies and emissions of coal power plants. The advantages of this technology over conventional pulverized coal power plants include fuel flexibility, greater efficiencies, and very low pollutant emissions. The book reviews the current status and future developments of key technologies involved in IGCC plants and how they can be integrated to maximize efficiency and reduce the cost of electricity generation in a carbon-constrained world. The first part of this book introduces the principles of IGCC systems and the fuel types for use in IGCC systems. The second part covers syngas production within IGCC systems. The third part looks at syngas cleaning, the separation of CO2 and hydrogen enrichment, with final sections describing the gas turbine combined cycle and presenting several case studies of existing IGCC plants. Provides an in-depth, multi-contributor overview of integrated gasification combined cycle technologies Reviews the current status and future developments of key technologies involved in IGCC plants Provides several case studies of existing IGCC plants around the world
Book Synopsis Natural Gas Engines by : Kalyan Kumar Srinivasan
Download or read book Natural Gas Engines written by Kalyan Kumar Srinivasan and published by Springer. This book was released on 2018-11-03 with total page 419 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book covers the various advanced reciprocating combustion engine technologies that utilize natural gas and alternative fuels for transportation and power generation applications. It is divided into three major sections consisting of both fundamental and applied technologies to identify (but not limited to) clean, high-efficiency opportunities with natural gas fueling that have been developed through experimental protocols, numerical and high-performance computational simulations, and zero-dimensional, multizone combustion simulations. Particular emphasis is placed on statutes to monitor fine particulate emissions from tailpipe of engines operating on natural gas and alternative fuels.
Book Synopsis Computational Studies of Gas Injection, Ignition and Combustion Emissions in a Direct-injection Natural Gas Engine by : Kang Pan
Download or read book Computational Studies of Gas Injection, Ignition and Combustion Emissions in a Direct-injection Natural Gas Engine written by Kang Pan and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The direct-injection of natural gas into the compression-ignition engines is attractive, due to its emission advantage and diesel-equivalent efficiency. The computational simulation of this next-generation heavy-duty engine can provide deep insights of the gas injection and ignition characteristics and help understand the emission formation process, and hence, a KIVA-3v based three-dimensional computational model was developed and improved to represent the configuration of a glow plug assisted direct-injection natural gas engine. This thesis presents the important conclusions about the numerical studies of the natural gas ignition and emissions by using this engine computational model. Preliminary simulations revealed that the shield for a glow plug, an ignition assist for natural gas in compression-ignition engines, can highly improve the natural gas ignition stability compared to an unshielded glow plug, and the design of the glow plug shield has great potential for the further improvement of the natural gas ignition. The different shield designs, characterized by the parameters such as shield opening shape, number and distribution, were evaluated by using the improved KIVA model. The simulated results clearly demonstrated the three key functions of a good shield design. A multi-opening shield, consisting of four small openings in a diamond shape, can achieve all three requirements and hence highly reduce the natural gas ignition delay and improve the ignition stability, compared to the original single-opening shield. The proper emission models are critical for the numerical simulations of natural gas engine emissions. For the gaseous species, a kinetic package, CANTERA, is coupled to KIVA CFD code to simulate the formation of important emissions, such as C2H2 and NOx. However, the available detailed mechanisms, such as GRI-3.0, will over-predict the ignition delay at low temperature (
Book Synopsis The Conversion of Herman the Jew by : Jean-Claude Schmitt
Download or read book The Conversion of Herman the Jew written by Jean-Claude Schmitt and published by University of Pennsylvania Press. This book was released on 2013-04-22 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sometime toward the middle of the twelfth century, it is supposed, an otherwise obscure figure, born a Jew in Cologne and later ordained as a priest in Cappenberg in Westphalia, wrote a Latin account of his conversion to Christianity. Known as the Opusculum, this book purportedly by "Herman, the former Jew" may well be the first autobiography to be written in the West after the Confessions of Saint Augustine. It may also be something else entirely. In The Conversion of Herman the Jew the eminent French historian Jean-Claude Schmitt examines this singular text and the ways in which it has divided its readers. Where some have seen it as an authentic conversion narrative, others have asked whether it is not a complete fabrication forged by Christian clerics. For Schmitt the question is poorly posed. The work is at once true and fictional, and the search for its lone author—whether converted Jew or not—fruitless. Herman may well have existed and contributed to the writing of his life, but the Opusculum is a collective work, perhaps framed to meet a specific institutional agenda. With agility and erudition, Schmitt examines the text to explore its meaning within the society and culture of its period and its participation in both a Christian and Jewish imaginary. What can it tell us about autobiography and subjectivity, about the function of dreams and the legitimacy of religious images, about individual and collective conversion, and about names and identities? In The Conversion of Herman the Jew Schmitt masterfully seizes upon the debates surrounding the Opusculum (the text of which is newly translated for this volume) to ponder more fundamentally the ways in which historians think and write.
