Information Processing By The Brain

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Discovering the Brain

Author : National Academy of Sciences
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309045290
Total Pages : 195 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)

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Book Synopsis Discovering the Brain by : National Academy of Sciences

Download or read book Discovering the Brain written by National Academy of Sciences and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 1992-01-01 with total page 195 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The brain ... There is no other part of the human anatomy that is so intriguing. How does it develop and function and why does it sometimes, tragically, degenerate? The answers are complex. In Discovering the Brain, science writer Sandra Ackerman cuts through the complexity to bring this vital topic to the public. The 1990s were declared the "Decade of the Brain" by former President Bush, and the neuroscience community responded with a host of new investigations and conferences. Discovering the Brain is based on the Institute of Medicine conference, Decade of the Brain: Frontiers in Neuroscience and Brain Research. Discovering the Brain is a "field guide" to the brainâ€"an easy-to-read discussion of the brain's physical structure and where functions such as language and music appreciation lie. Ackerman examines: How electrical and chemical signals are conveyed in the brain. The mechanisms by which we see, hear, think, and pay attentionâ€"and how a "gut feeling" actually originates in the brain. Learning and memory retention, including parallels to computer memory and what they might tell us about our own mental capacity. Development of the brain throughout the life span, with a look at the aging brain. Ackerman provides an enlightening chapter on the connection between the brain's physical condition and various mental disorders and notes what progress can realistically be made toward the prevention and treatment of stroke and other ailments. Finally, she explores the potential for major advances during the "Decade of the Brain," with a look at medical imaging techniquesâ€"what various technologies can and cannot tell usâ€"and how the public and private sectors can contribute to continued advances in neuroscience. This highly readable volume will provide the public and policymakersâ€"and many scientists as wellâ€"with a helpful guide to understanding the many discoveries that are sure to be announced throughout the "Decade of the Brain."

Models of Information Processing in the Basal Ganglia

Author : James C. Houk
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262082341
Total Pages : 414 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (823 download)

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Book Synopsis Models of Information Processing in the Basal Ganglia by : James C. Houk

Download or read book Models of Information Processing in the Basal Ganglia written by James C. Houk and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 414 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book brings together the biology and computational features of the basal ganglia and their related cortical areas along with select examples of how this knowledge can be integrated into neural network models. Recent years have seen a remarkable expansion of knowledge about the anatomical organization of the part of the brain known as the basal ganglia, the signal processing that occurs in these structures, and the many relations both to molecular mechanisms and to cognitive functions. This book brings together the biology and computational features of the basal ganglia and their related cortical areas along with select examples of how this knowledge can be integrated into neural network models. Organized in four parts - fundamentals, motor functions and working memories, reward mechanisms, and cognitive and memory operations - the chapters present a unique admixture of theory, cognitive psychology, anatomy, and both cellular- and systems- level physiology written by experts in each of these areas. The editors have provided commentaries as a helpful guide to each part. Many new discoveries about the biology of the basal ganglia are summarized, and their impact on the computational role of the forebrain in the planning and control of complex motor behaviors discussed. The various findings point toward an unexpected role for the basal ganglia in the contextual analysis of the environment and in the adaptive use of this information for the planning and execution of intelligent behaviors. Parallels are explored between these findings and new connectionist approaches to difficult control problems in robotics and engineering. Contributors James L. Adams, P. Apicella, Michael Arbib, Dana H. Ballard, Andrew G. Barto, J. Brian Burns, Christopher I. Connolly, Peter F. Dominey, Richard P. Dum, John Gabrieli, M. Garcia-Munoz, Patricia S. Goldman-Rakic, Ann M. Graybiel, P. M. Groves, Mary M. Hayhoe, J. R. Hollerman, George Houghton, James C. Houk, Stephen Jackson, Minoru Kimura, A. B. Kirillov, Rolf Kotter, J. C. Linder, T. Ljungberg, M. S. Manley, M. E. Martone, J. Mirenowicz, C. D. Myre, Jeff Pelz, Nathalie Picard, R. Romo, S. F. Sawyer, E Scarnat, Wolfram Schultz, Peter L. Strick, Charles J. Wilson, Jeff Wickens, Donald J. Woodward, S. J. Young

The Two Halves of the Brain

Author : Kenneth Hugdahl
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 0262265648
Total Pages : 717 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (622 download)

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Book Synopsis The Two Halves of the Brain by : Kenneth Hugdahl

Download or read book The Two Halves of the Brain written by Kenneth Hugdahl and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2010-06-04 with total page 717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: State-of-the-art research on brain asymmetry, explained from molecular to clinical levels. Hemispheric asymmetry is one of the basic aspects of perception and cognitive processing. The different functions of the left and right hemispheres of the brain have been studied with renewed interest in recent years, as scholars explore applications to new areas, new measuring techniques, and new theoretical approaches. This volume provides a comprehensive view of the latest research in brain asymmetry, offering not only recent empirical and clinical findings but also a coherent theoretical approach to the subject. In chapters that report on the field at levels from the molecular to the clinical, leading researchers address such topics as the evolution and genetics of brain asymmetry; animal models; findings from structural and functional neuroimaging techniques and research; sex differences and hormonal effects; sleep asymmetry; cognitive asymmetry in visual and auditory perception; and auditory laterality and speech perception, memory, and asymmetry in the context of developmental, neurological, and psychiatric disorders. Contributors Katrin Amunts, Ulrike Bayer, Alfredo Brancucci, Vince D. Calhoun, Maria Casagrande, Marco Catani, Michael C. Corballis, Patricia E. Cowell, Timothy J. Crow, Tom Eichele, Stephanie Forkel, Patrick J. Gannon, Isabelle George, Onur Güntürkün, Heikki Hämäläinen, Markus Hausmann, Joseph B. Hellige, Kenneth Hugdahl, Masud Husain, Grégoria Kalpouzos, Bruno Laeng, Martina Manns, Chikashi Michimata, Deborah W. Moncrieff, Lars Nyberg, Godfrey Pearlson, Stefan Pollmann, Victoria Singh-Curry, Iris E.C. Sommer, Tao Sun, Nathan Swanson, Fiia Takio, Michel Thiebaut de Schotten, René Westerhausen

Probabilistic Models of the Brain

Author : Rajesh P.N. Rao
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262264327
Total Pages : 348 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (643 download)

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Book Synopsis Probabilistic Models of the Brain by : Rajesh P.N. Rao

Download or read book Probabilistic Models of the Brain written by Rajesh P.N. Rao and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2002-03-29 with total page 348 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A survey of probabilistic approaches to modeling and understanding brain function. Neurophysiological, neuroanatomical, and brain imaging studies have helped to shed light on how the brain transforms raw sensory information into a form that is useful for goal-directed behavior. A fundamental question that is seldom addressed by these studies, however, is why the brain uses the types of representations it does and what evolutionary advantage, if any, these representations confer. It is difficult to address such questions directly via animal experiments. A promising alternative is to use probabilistic principles such as maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference to derive models of brain function. This book surveys some of the current probabilistic approaches to modeling and understanding brain function. Although most of the examples focus on vision, many of the models and techniques are applicable to other modalities as well. The book presents top-down computational models as well as bottom-up neurally motivated models of brain function. The topics covered include Bayesian and information-theoretic models of perception, probabilistic theories of neural coding and spike timing, computational models of lateral and cortico-cortical feedback connections, and the development of receptive field properties from natural signals.

Memory and Attention

Author : Donald A. Norman
Publisher : New York; Toronto : Wiley
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 296 pages
Book Rating : 4.F/5 ( download)

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Book Synopsis Memory and Attention by : Donald A. Norman

Download or read book Memory and Attention written by Donald A. Norman and published by New York; Toronto : Wiley. This book was released on 1976 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 17

Author : Lawrence K. Saul
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262195348
Total Pages : 1710 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (953 download)

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Book Synopsis Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 17 by : Lawrence K. Saul

Download or read book Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 17 written by Lawrence K. Saul and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2005 with total page 1710 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Papers presented at NIPS, the flagship meeting on neural computation, held in December 2004 in Vancouver.The annual Neural Information Processing Systems (NIPS) conference is the flagship meeting on neural computation. It draws a diverse group of attendees--physicists, neuroscientists, mathematicians, statisticians, and computer scientists. The presentations are interdisciplinary, with contributions in algorithms, learning theory, cognitive science, neuroscience, brain imaging, vision, speech and signal processing, reinforcement learning and control, emerging technologies, and applications. Only twenty-five percent of the papers submitted are accepted for presentation at NIPS, so the quality is exceptionally high. This volume contains the papers presented at the December, 2004 conference, held in Vancouver.

The Machines Inside Our Brain: Cognitive Mechanisms of Information Processing (Preliminary Edition)

Author : Geoffrey Woodman
Publisher : Cognella Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9781516534159
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (341 download)

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Book Synopsis The Machines Inside Our Brain: Cognitive Mechanisms of Information Processing (Preliminary Edition) by : Geoffrey Woodman

Download or read book The Machines Inside Our Brain: Cognitive Mechanisms of Information Processing (Preliminary Edition) written by Geoffrey Woodman and published by Cognella Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2019-02-07 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Machines Inside Our Brain: Cognitive Mechanisms of Information Processing is an innovative anthology that not only provides students with engaging articles pertaining to brain processes of information processing and storage, but also teaches students how to strategically read, analyze, and digest scientific articles. The collection begins with a comprehensive instructional chapter that teaches students how to approach the consumption and analysis of a scientific article. Readers learn about the compositional features of an article, what it means when an article is peer reviewed, how to effectively annotate an article to increase personal comprehension, and more. Students are then challenged to apply these techniques to the articles within the anthology, then answer a variety of deep, applied questions regarding their contents. The readings within the collection share research cover the variety of cognitive processes that our brains carry out. Specific articles explore attention, automatic processing of information, the manipulation of mental representations, accessing memory, the structure of short-term memory, the nature of knowledge representation, expertise, problem solving, and more. A unique anthology that shares both classic and cutting-edge research while teaching students how to critically examine scientific articles, The Machines Inside Our Brain is well-suited for courses that focus on memory and brain processes, as well as classes that seek to provide a comprehensive survey of cognitive psychology while teaching students to read the primary scientific literature.

The Orienting Response in Information Processing

Author : Heikki Lyytinen
Publisher : Psychology Press
ISBN 13 : 1135675023
Total Pages : 663 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (356 download)

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Book Synopsis The Orienting Response in Information Processing by : Heikki Lyytinen

Download or read book The Orienting Response in Information Processing written by Heikki Lyytinen and published by Psychology Press. This book was released on 2002-01-01 with total page 663 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a testimony to Evgeny Nikolaevich Sokolov's years of work in developing knowledge in the areas of perception, information processing and attention, and to the research it has spawned. It presents a historical account of a research program, leading the reader toward a cognitive science approach to the study of perception and attention. An understanding of neuroscience and mathematical modeling are helpful prerequisites. The co-authors collected data on orienting, attention, and information processing in the brain using single-cell recordings, central, autonomic, cognitive, behavioral, and verbal measures. This commonality brought them together for a series of meetings which resulted in the production of this book. The book ends with a review of some of the co-authors studies that have developed from or in parallel with Sokolov's research. They investigate, in particular, the concepts of attention and anticipation using a psychophysiological methodology.

Culturally Responsive Teaching and The Brain

Author : Zaretta Hammond
Publisher : Corwin Press
ISBN 13 : 1483308022
Total Pages : 290 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (833 download)

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Book Synopsis Culturally Responsive Teaching and The Brain by : Zaretta Hammond

Download or read book Culturally Responsive Teaching and The Brain written by Zaretta Hammond and published by Corwin Press. This book was released on 2014-11-13 with total page 290 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A bold, brain-based teaching approach to culturally responsive instruction To close the achievement gap, diverse classrooms need a proven framework for optimizing student engagement. Culturally responsive instruction has shown promise, but many teachers have struggled with its implementation—until now. In this book, Zaretta Hammond draws on cutting-edge neuroscience research to offer an innovative approach for designing and implementing brain-compatible culturally responsive instruction. The book includes: Information on how one’s culture programs the brain to process data and affects learning relationships Ten “key moves” to build students’ learner operating systems and prepare them to become independent learners Prompts for action and valuable self-reflection

Information Processing by Neuronal Populations

Author : Christian Holscher
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1139474251
Total Pages : 472 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (394 download)

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Book Synopsis Information Processing by Neuronal Populations by : Christian Holscher

Download or read book Information Processing by Neuronal Populations written by Christian Holscher and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2012-10-25 with total page 472 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Bringing together a multitude of data from different backgrounds, this book answers many questions including how networks are formed and separated and associated with other networks. It strives to cover the range of single cell activity analysis to observation of network activity and to brain area activity and cognitive processes.

Chaos And Information Processing

Author : John S Nicolis
Publisher : World Scientific
ISBN 13 : 9814602329
Total Pages : 303 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (146 download)

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Book Synopsis Chaos And Information Processing by : John S Nicolis

Download or read book Chaos And Information Processing written by John S Nicolis and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 1991-03-29 with total page 303 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first attempt to give a chaotic dynamics interpretation of processes having to do with category formation and pattern recognition by systems possessing simple hardware e.g. few degrees of freedom. It is multidisciplinary in its approach and would be useful to readers from various fields.

Information Processing by the Brain

Author : Hans J. Markowitsch
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9783456815381
Total Pages : 261 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (153 download)

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Book Synopsis Information Processing by the Brain by : Hans J. Markowitsch

Download or read book Information Processing by the Brain written by Hans J. Markowitsch and published by . This book was released on 1988 with total page 261 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

How People Learn

Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309131979
Total Pages : 386 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)

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Book Synopsis How People Learn by : National Research Council

Download or read book How People Learn written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2000-08-11 with total page 386 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: First released in the Spring of 1999, How People Learn has been expanded to show how the theories and insights from the original book can translate into actions and practice, now making a real connection between classroom activities and learning behavior. This edition includes far-reaching suggestions for research that could increase the impact that classroom teaching has on actual learning. Like the original edition, this book offers exciting new research about the mind and the brain that provides answers to a number of compelling questions. When do infants begin to learn? How do experts learn and how is this different from non-experts? What can teachers and schools do-with curricula, classroom settings, and teaching methodsâ€"to help children learn most effectively? New evidence from many branches of science has significantly added to our understanding of what it means to know, from the neural processes that occur during learning to the influence of culture on what people see and absorb. How People Learn examines these findings and their implications for what we teach, how we teach it, and how we assess what our children learn. The book uses exemplary teaching to illustrate how approaches based on what we now know result in in-depth learning. This new knowledge calls into question concepts and practices firmly entrenched in our current education system. Topics include: How learning actually changes the physical structure of the brain. How existing knowledge affects what people notice and how they learn. What the thought processes of experts tell us about how to teach. The amazing learning potential of infants. The relationship of classroom learning and everyday settings of community and workplace. Learning needs and opportunities for teachers. A realistic look at the role of technology in education.

Cognitive Systems - Information Processing Meets Brain Science

Author : Richard G.M. Morris
Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0080458262
Total Pages : 325 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (84 download)

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Book Synopsis Cognitive Systems - Information Processing Meets Brain Science by : Richard G.M. Morris

Download or read book Cognitive Systems - Information Processing Meets Brain Science written by Richard G.M. Morris and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2005-08-16 with total page 325 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Cognitive Systems - Information Processing Meets Brain Science presents an overview of the exciting, truly multidisciplinary research by neuroscientists and systems engineers in the emerging field of cognitive systems, providing a cross-disciplinary examination of this cutting-edge area of scientific research. This is a great example of where research in very different disciplines touches to create a new emerging area of research. The book illustrates some of the technical developments that could arise from our growing understanding of how living cognitive systems behave, and the ability to use that knowledge in the design of artificial systems. This unique book is of considerable interest to researchers and students in information science, neuroscience, psychology, engineering and adjacent fields. Represents a remarkable collection of relevant experts from both the life sciences and computer science Includes state-of-the-art reviews of topics in cognitive systems from both a life sciences and a computer science perspective Discusses the impact of this research on our lives in the near future

Energetics and Human Information Processing

Author : G.M. Hockey
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 9789024733811
Total Pages : 474 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (338 download)

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Book Synopsis Energetics and Human Information Processing by : G.M. Hockey

Download or read book Energetics and Human Information Processing written by G.M. Hockey and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1986-09-30 with total page 474 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The central theme of this book is the role of energetical factors in the regulation of human information processing activity. This is a restatement of one of the classic problems of psychology - that of acc ounting for motivational or intensive aspects of behaviour, as opposed to structural or directional aspects. The term "energetics" was first used in the 1930's by Freeman, Duffy and others, following Cannon's energy mobilization view of emotion and motivation. The original concept had a limited life, probably because of its unnecessary focus on relativ ely peripheral processes, but it provided the foundations for the con cepts of "arousal" and "activation" which became the popular motivational constructs of the 1950's and 1960's. Now, these too are found wanting. The original assumptions of a unitary, non-specific process based on activation of the brain stem reticular formation have been shown to be misleading. Current work in neurobiology has demonstrated evidence of discrete neurotransmitter systems having quite specific information processing functions, and central roles in the regulation of behaviour. Even the venerable curvilinear relationship between motivation and per formance (the Yerkes-Dodson law) has been shown to be, at best, an unhelpful oversimplification. On a different front psychophysiologists have found complex patterns in the response of different bodily systems to external stressors and to task demands.

Encyclopedia of Human Development

Author : Neil J. Salkind
Publisher : SAGE Publications
ISBN 13 : 1452265399
Total Pages : 1617 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (522 download)

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Book Synopsis Encyclopedia of Human Development by : Neil J. Salkind

Download or read book Encyclopedia of Human Development written by Neil J. Salkind and published by SAGE Publications. This book was released on 2005-10-14 with total page 1617 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The field of human development focuses on the growth and development of the human being including physical, social, psychological, and emotional development. Under the broad umbrella of the term human development you find countless topics that range from charting the emotional attachment of an infant to his or her parents and its long-term effects on well-being, media violence and adolescents′ behavior, or factors moderating the natural decline in physical and mental abilities associated with aging. The Encyclopedia of Human Development is the first comprehensive, authoritative, and informative reference work that presents state-of-the-art research and ready-to-use facts from the fields of psychology, individual and family studies, and education in a way that is not too technical. With more than 600 entries, this three-volume Encyclopedia covers topics as diverse as adolescence, cognitive development, education, family, gender differences, identity, longitudinal research, personality development, prenatal development, temperament, and more. Key Features Provides cross-disciplinary coverage, with contributions from experts in the fields of psychology, education, human development and family studies, and gerontology Highlights classic studies and theories and provides brief biographies of notable researchers and theorists Takes a lifespan approach by including several "anchor essays" that cover specific phases of development such as prenatal, infancy, childhood, adolescence, early and middle adulthood, later adulthood and aging Begins with an Introduction that details the scope, rationale, and audience for the work The cross-disciplinary field of human development is one that captures interest among and holds practical relevance for the general public as well as academia, therefore this engaging Encyclopedia will be a welcome addition to any academic or public library.

Information in the Brain

Author : Ira B. Black
Publisher : MIT Press
ISBN 13 : 9780262521888
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (218 download)

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Book Synopsis Information in the Brain by : Ira B. Black

Download or read book Information in the Brain written by Ira B. Black and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 1994 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Drawing on his considerable experience as a neuroscientist and clinical neurologist, Ira Black systematically disentangles the labyrinth of brain and mind in a new concept of mind that relates environment, brain genes, molecular symbols, behavior and mentation. He describes the unity of brain, mind, and experience with singular clarity, showing how mental function, brain function, and biologic information are now comprehensible in molecular terms.Writing in a clear and often conversational style, Black defines the molecular biology and biochemistry of information processing in the nervous system and describes in detail the environmental regulation of brain genes that encode molecular symbols. His coherent vision of the vast biological information system provides insight into questions of how the mind is related to the brain, what constitutes the substance of thought or the physical bases of memory, how experience changes mind function or environmental information is converted into neural language, and what biochemical abnormalities lead to Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia.Information in the Brain identifies common concepts and themes in widely diverse fields, revealing the extraordinary scope of modern neuroscience, and makes central issues in the brain sciences accessible to a variety of readers. Black's description of the critical role that gene structure plays in ongoing brain and mind function will appeal to molecular biologists. Protein chemists will understand how molecular structure is translated into behavior and mentation. Neuroscientists will gain an explicit understanding of the central questions in psychology. In turn, psychologists will find new ideas concerning cellular and molecular bases of brain function and clinical neurologists and psychiatrists will discover new formulations of the pathogenesis of disease at genomic, molecular, and systems levels.Ira B. Black is Professor and Chairman, Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, the Robert Wood Johnson Medical School/UMDNJ.