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Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 156 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Informal Out-of-pocket Payments for Health Care in Russia written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 156 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : Sergey Shishkin
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 36 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (13 download)
Download or read book Out-of-Pocket Payments in the Post-Semashko Health Care System written by Sergey Shishkin and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper presents the analysis results of existing practices of out-of-pocket payments in the Russian post-Semashko health care system. It was carried out based on the data reflected in the 'Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey' from 1991-2012 and data of the 'Georating' survey carried out in all regions of the Russian Federation in 2010.The trends of legal and informal out-of-pocket payments for inpatient and outpatient care are revealed, and the social and economic factors which make patients pay a fee for medical services for fee are identified. The changes in out-of-pocket health expenditures in 2005-2010 are analyzed, and the assessment of total (public and private) health expenditures on different types of health care is made.
Author : Alexandra Polovinka
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 100 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (18 download)
Download or read book Three Essays on Informal Payments in the Health Care Sector in Russia written by Alexandra Polovinka and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 100 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health care is one of the most corrupt sectors in Russia. In 2015 twenty percent of patients paid a bribe for the health care services once or twice, and thirteen percent more than twice (Russian Public Opinion Research Center, 2015). Using data on adults from over 5,000 households in Russia, this three-essay study analyzes out-of-pocket formal (official) and informal (unofficial, bribes) payments for the health care. In the first essay, I study whether there is a difference in the amount of unofficial payments across five types of health care services (ambulance, inpatient, outpatient, dental, and medical checkups) and two types of health care facilities (state and private). Finally, I examine whether the purchase of private health insurance reduces unofficial health care payments. Using fixed and random effects models, I find that adults incur the highest informal expenditures on dental, outpatient and inpatient care. The bribes are higher in state compared to private facilities. There are a few reasons for that. First, there is generally lower quality of services and longer waiting lines in state hospitals. Therefore, patients use bribes as a mechanism to guarantee themselves higher quality of care. Second, the salaries of doctors in state facilities are lower than in private hospitals. I also find evidence that the purchase of private health insurance reduces patients' informal payments. People buy private insurance to guarantee themselves access to better services. In the second essay, I examine whether the official payment increases or decreases the likelihood of people paying unofficially. If official and unofficial payments are negatively related, then the payments are substitutes. If an increase in the formal payment in-creases the probability of informal spending, then they are complements. Patients have different motivations for paying a health care bribe. Some may seek to access services in short supply or to avoid official fees, thereby substituting informal for formal payments. Others may view in-formal payments as a tip or gratuity, which would make unofficial payments a complement to official payments. I find that in the Russian health care market formal and informal payments are substitutes. However, there is significant heterogeneity across different types of services. In particular, bribes and official payments act as substitutes in the case of dental care and medical check-ups, while they are complements in inpatient care. In the third essay, I study whether Russians residents (native born and foreign born) are less likely to pay informally for their health care than foreign born non-residents that do not have state provided health insurance. I find that the residents have a lower probability of paying unofficially than non-residents and that if they pay a bribe, then, on average, its amount is lower than that of a non-resident. In addition, the difference in the probability and the amount of informal payments between residents and non-residents is higher in private than state hospitals, regardless of whether patients have private insurance or not. For non-residents, private insurance plays the biggest role in the reduction of their informal spending in private hospitals.
Author : Maureen A. Lewis
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 9780821348062
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (48 download)
Download or read book Who is Paying for Health Care in Eastern Europe and Central Asia? written by Maureen A. Lewis and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000-01-01 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informal payments in the health sector of Eastern and Central Asia are emerging as a fundamental aspect of health care financing and a serious impediment to health care reform. These informal payments, made to individuals or institutions in cash or in kind, are nearly always for services that are meant to be covered by the health care system. Such private payments to public personnel have created an informal market for health care , and are a form of corruption. This problem's roots are traced to declining revenues which have not coincided with a reduction in buildings, hospital beds and health personnel. In these circumstances informal payments compensate for lost earnings, and therefore reforms to modernise the region's health systems must compete with individuals' personal revenues. Options for addressing this problem include comprehensive anticorruption policies, downsizing of the public health system, reducing the set of services sibsidised by the state, encouraging cost sharing with those who can afford it, improving accountability, and promoting private alternatives.
Author : Joseph Kutzin
Publisher : World Health Organization
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 438 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (1 download)
Download or read book Implementing Health Financing Reform written by Joseph Kutzin and published by World Health Organization. This book was released on 2010 with total page 438 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Analyses the experience with the financing reforms implemented by the countries of Central Europe, Eastern Europe, the Cauxasus and Central Asia.
Author : Jingqing Yang
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811021104
Total Pages : 288 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)
Download or read book Informal Payments and Regulations in China's Healthcare System written by Jingqing Yang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-11-26 with total page 288 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This text addresses the key issue of informal payments, or ‘red packets’, in the Chinese Healthcare system. It considers how transactions take place at the clinical level as well as their regulation. Analysing the practice from the perspectives of institutions and power structure, it examines how institutional changes in the pre-reform and reform era have changed the power structure between medical professions, patients and the Party-state, and how these changes have given rise and perpetuate the practice. Drawing from qualitative data from interviews of medical professionals, the author recognises the medical profession as a major player in the health care system and presents their perception of the practice as the taker of ‘red packets’ and their interactions with the patient and the state surrounding the illegal practice in an authoritarian power structure. The books considers the institutional reasons that motivate doctors to take, patients to give, and the government to "tolerate" red packets, arguing that the bureaucratization of the medical profession, society of acquaintances and shortage of quality of medical services jointly create an institutional setting that has given rise to these informal payments. Contributing to a rounded understanding of the problems of healthcare reform in China, this book is a key read for all scholars interested in the issue of informal payments and healthcare politics in transition economies.
Author : Rano Turaeva
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000393267
Total Pages : 194 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)
Download or read book Labour, Mobility and Informal Practices in Russia, Central Asia and Eastern Europe written by Rano Turaeva and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2021-05-26 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book explores the daily survival strategies of people within the context of failed states, flourishing informal economies, legal uncertainty, increased mobility, and globalization, where many people, who are forced by the circumstances to be innovative and transnational, have found their niches outside formal processes and structures. The book provides a thorough theoretical introduction to the link between labour mobility and informality and comprises convincing case studies from a wide range of post-socialist countries. Overall, it highlights the importance of trust, transnational networks, and digital technologies in settings where the rules governing economic and social activities of mobile workers are often unclear and flexible.
Author : Michael Alexeev
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 0199344132
Total Pages : 864 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (993 download)
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of the Russian Economy written by Michael Alexeev and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2013-06-04 with total page 864 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: By 1999, Russia's economy was growing at almost 7% per year, and by 2008 reached 11th place in the world GDP rankings. Russia is now the world's second largest producer and exporter of oil, the largest producer and exporter of natural gas, and as a result has the third largest stock of foreign exchange reserves in the world, behind only China and Japan. But while this impressive economic growth has raised the average standard of living and put a number of wealthy Russians on the Forbes billionaires list, it has failed to solve the country's deep economic and social problems inherited from the Soviet times. Russia continues to suffer from a distorted economic structure, with its low labor productivity, heavy reliance on natural resource extraction, low life expectancy, high income inequality, and weak institutions. While a voluminous amount of literature has studied various individual aspects of the Russian economy, in the West there has been no comprehensive and systematic analysis of the socialist legacies, the current state, and future prospects of the Russian economy gathered in one book. The Oxford Handbook of the Russian Economy fills this gap by offering a broad range of topics written by the best Western and Russian scholars of the Russian economy. While the book's focus is the current state of the Russian economy, the first part of the book also addresses the legacy of the Soviet command economy and offers an analysis of institutional aspects of Russia's economic development over the last decade. The second part covers the most important sectors of the economy. The third part examines the economic challenges created by the gigantic magnitude of regional, geographic, ethnic, religious and linguistic diversity of Russia. The fourth part covers various social issues, including health, education, and demographic challenges. It will also examine broad policy challenges, including the tax system, rule of law, as well as corruption and the underground economy. Michael Alexeev and Shlomo Weber provide for the first time in one volume a complete, well-rounded, and essential look at the complex, emerging Russian economy.
Author : Ioana Horodnic
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351655310
Total Pages : 236 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (516 download)
Download or read book The Informal Economy written by Ioana Horodnic and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-09-22 with total page 236 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During much of the twentieth century, informal employment and entrepreneurship was commonly depicted as a residue from a previous era. Its continuing presence was seen to be a sign of "backwardness" whilst the formal economy represented "progress". In recent decades, however, numerous studies have revealed not only that informal employment is extensive and persistent but also that it is growing relative to formal employment in many populations. Whilst in the developing world, the informal economy is often found to be the mainstream economy, nevertheless, in the developed world too, informality is currently still estimated to account for notable per cent of GDP. The Informal Economy: Exploring Drivers and Practices intends to engage with these issues, providing a much-need ‘contextualised’ approach to explain the persistence and growth of forms of informal economic practices and entrepreneurial activities in the twenty-first century. Using a diverse range of empirical case studies from Europe, Africa, North Africa and Asia, this book unpacks the different varieties of forms of informal work and entrepreneurship and provides a critical analysis of existing theorisations used to explain such phenomena. This book’s aim is to examine the nature and persistence of informal work and entrepreneurship, across a variety of empirical settings, from within the developed world, the developing world and within transformation economies within post-socialist spaces. Given its worldwide, interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approach and recent interest in the informal economies by a number of disciplines and organisations, this book will be of vital reading to those operating in the fields of: Economics, political economy and management, Human and economic geography and Economic anthropology and sociology as well as development studies
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264168095
Total Pages : 122 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (641 download)
Download or read book OECD Reviews of Health Systems: Russian Federation 2012 written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2012-05-31 with total page 122 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This review examines some of the possible reasons for poor population health in Russia and explores possible impediments to further improvements. In doing so it examines the current health system against the background of the reforms put in place in ...
Author : Mihajlo (Michael) Jakovljevic
Publisher : Frontiers Media SA
ISBN 13 : 2889198375
Total Pages : 97 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (891 download)
Download or read book Health Care Financing and Affordability in the Emerging Global Markets written by Mihajlo (Michael) Jakovljevic and published by Frontiers Media SA. This book was released on 2016-04-14 with total page 97 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the recent few decades, global economic growth has been driven largely by developing world economies. The ones with the most intensive pace of development were marked as “emerging“ markets led by so called BRICS and N-11 countries. Such changes inevitably reflected the global health arena. A number of issues previously limited to established high-income economies became popularly discussed topics on the agendas of public health policy makers across these regions. Major challenges remain population aging, rising incidence of prosperity diseases, lack of universal insurance coverage and particularly provision of just and equitable access to medical care among the poor both in urban and rural communities. A significant part of the difficulties faced by these societies are attributed to inefficient resource allocation strategies in health care and unsatisfactory funding strategies. This Research Topic was created in order to address the core challenges of medical care financing and its affordability across the emerging global markets. Contributions of both undergoing or finished original research as well as review style papers are welcomed. All submitted manuscripts should deal with issues relevant to health care economics and policy in recognized global emerging markets. Outside the aforementioned key markets (BRICS- Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa; Next 11- Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran, South Korea, Mexico, Nigeria, Pakistan, the Philippines, Turkey and Vietnam) submissions referring to any of the dynamically developing Asian, Latin America, Eastern Europe or MENA countries are encouraged. In addition to a variety of health-economic evaluations and health policy analysis, methodological and resource use studies are within the Topic scope. Health policy considerations should be primarily focused on financing mechanisms and affordability of health care although other surrounding issues such as health insurance, reimbursement and cost-containment strategies will be considered.
Author : Melani Cammett
Publisher : Cornell University Press
ISBN 13 : 0801470323
Total Pages : 318 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (14 download)
Download or read book The Politics of Non-state Social Welfare written by Melani Cammett and published by Cornell University Press. This book was released on 2014-06-25 with total page 318 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Across the world, welfare states are under challenge—or were never developed extensively in the first place—while non-state actors increasingly provide public goods and basic welfare. In many parts of the Middle East and South Asia, sectarian organizations and political parties supply basic services to ordinary people more extensively and effectively than governments. In sub-Saharan Africa, families struggle to pay hospital fees, and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) launch welfare programs as states cut subsidies and social programs. Likewise, in parts of Latin America, international and domestic NGOs and, increasingly, private firms are key suppliers of social welfare in both urban and rural communities. Even in the United States, where the welfare state is far more developed, secular NGOs and faith-based organizations are critical components of social safety nets. Despite official entitlements to public welfare, citizens in Russia face increasing out-of-pocket expenses as they are effectively compelled to seek social services through the private market In The Politics of Non-State Social Welfare, a multidisciplinary group of contributors use survey data analysis, spatial analysis, in-depth interviews, and ethnographic and archival research to explore the fundamental transformation of the relationship between states and citizens. The book highlights the political consequences of the non-state provision of social welfare, including the ramifications for equitable and sustainable access to social services, accountability for citizens, and state capacity. The authors do not assume that non-state providers will surpass the performance of weak, inefficient, or sometimes corrupt states but instead offer a systematic analysis of a wide spectrum of non-state actors in a variety of contexts around the world, including sectarian political parties, faith-based organizations, community-based organizations, family networks, informal brokers, and private firms.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264480919
Total Pages : 275 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (644 download)
Download or read book Health at a Glance 2021 OECD Indicators written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2021-11-09 with total page 275 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Health at a Glance provides a comprehensive set of indicators on population health and health system performance across OECD members and key emerging economies. This edition has a special focus on the health impact of COVID-19 in OECD countries, including deaths and illness caused by the virus, adverse effects on access and quality of care, and the growing burden of mental ill-health.
Author : J. Morris
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 1137483075
Total Pages : 388 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (374 download)
Download or read book Informal Economies in Post-Socialist Spaces written by J. Morris and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-06-23 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Informed by in-depth case studies focusing on a wide spectrum of micro and macro post-socialist realities, this book demonstrates the multi-faceted nature of informality and suggests that it is a widely diffused phenomenon, used at all levels of a society and by both winners and losers of post-socialist transition.
Author : Caryn Bredenkamp
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 : 1464815216
Total Pages : 69 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (648 download)
Download or read book Transition to Diagnosis-Related Group (DRG) Payments for Health written by Caryn Bredenkamp and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2019-12-19 with total page 69 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book examines how nine different health systems--U.S. Medicare, Australia, Thailand, Kyrgyz Republic, Germany, Estonia, Croatia, China (Beijing) and the Russian Federation--have transitioned to using case-based payments, and especially diagnosis-related groups (DRGs), as part of their provider payment mix for hospital care. It sheds light on why particular technical design choices were made, what enabling investments were pertinent, and what broader political and institutional issues needed to be considered. The strategies used to phase in DRG payment receive special attention. These nine systems have been selected because they represent a variety of different approaches and experiences in DRG transition. They include the innovators who pioneered DRG payment systems (namely the United States and Australia), mature systems (such as Thailand, Germany, and Estonia), and countries where DRG payments were only introduced within the past decade (such as the Russian Federation and China). Each system is examined in detail as a separate case study, with a synthesis distilling the cross-cutting lessons learned. This book should be helpful to those working on health systems that are considering introducing, or are in the early stages of introducing, DRG-based payments into their provider payment mix. It will enhance the reader's understanding of how other countries (or systems) have made that transition, give a sense of the decisions that lie ahead, and offer options that can be considered. It will also be useful to those working in health systems that already include DRG payments in the payment mix but have not yet achieved the anticipated results.
Author : Federico Toth
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1108800009
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (88 download)
Download or read book Comparative Health Systems written by Federico Toth and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2021-09-09 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The standard classifications of health systems don't allow for the complexity and variety that exists around the world. Federico Toth sets out a new framework for understanding the many ways in which health systems can be organized and systematically analyses the health systems chosen by 27 OECD countries. He provides a great deal of up-to-date data on financing models, healthcare spending, insurance coverage, methods of organizing providers, healthcare personnel, remuneration methods for doctors and hospitals, development trajectories and recent reforms. For each of the major components of the healthcare system, the organizational models and the possible variants from which individual countries can ideally select are defined. Then, based on the organizational solutions actually adopted, the various national systems are grouped into homogeneous families. With its clear, jargon-free language and concrete examples, this is the most accessible comparative study of international healthcare arrangements available.
Author : Lawton Robert Burns
Publisher : Cambridge University Press
ISBN 13 : 1316738396
Total Pages : 744 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (167 download)
Download or read book China's Healthcare System and Reform written by Lawton Robert Burns and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2017-01-26 with total page 744 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides a comprehensive review of China's healthcare system and policy reforms in the context of the global economy. Following a value-chain framework, the 16 chapters cover the payers, the providers, and the producers (manufacturers) in China's system. It also provides a detailed analysis of the historical development of China's healthcare system, the current state of its broad reforms, and the uneasy balance between China's market-driven approach and governmental regulation. Most importantly, it devotes considerable attention to the major problems confronting China, including chronic illness, public health, and long-term care and economic security for the elderly. Burns and Liu have assembled the latest research from leading health economists and political scientists, as well as senior public health officials and corporate executives, making this book an essential read for industry professionals, policymakers, researchers, and students studying comparative health systems across the world.
