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Influence Of Cultural And Chemical Management Strategies On Annual Bluegrass Populations On Golf Course Putting Greens
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Book Synopsis Influence of Cultural and Chemical Management Strategies on Annual Bluegrass Populations on Golf Course Putting Greens by : Kyung M. Han
Download or read book Influence of Cultural and Chemical Management Strategies on Annual Bluegrass Populations on Golf Course Putting Greens written by Kyung M. Han and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 196 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Poa Annua written by J. M. Vargas, Jr. and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2003-12-19 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual bluegrass is the most widespread turfgrass species maintained on intensively cultured turf. Indeed, most of the top golf courses in the world have greens composed, at least in part, of this type of turfgrass There have historically been conflicting beliefs as to why many golf courses have problems with annual bluegrass populations during the summertime months. Through analysing the industry's latest research and pest control technologies the author helps put to rest this debate and offers methods for growing and maintaining healthy annual bluegrass. Written by leading experts in their field, this book contains many colour photographs and is a practical guide for golf course and turgrass specialists.
Book Synopsis Effects of Mowing on Annual Bluegrass Weevil, Listronotus Maculicollis Kirby (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) Adult Behavior and Larval Development in Golf Course Putting Greens by : Benjamin Czyzewski
Download or read book Effects of Mowing on Annual Bluegrass Weevil, Listronotus Maculicollis Kirby (Coleoptera:Curculionidae) Adult Behavior and Larval Development in Golf Course Putting Greens written by Benjamin Czyzewski and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The annual bluegrass weevil (Listronotus maculicollis Kirby) is the most destructive insect pest of low-mown golf course turf in the northeastern and mid-Atlantic United States, and southeastern Canada. Golf course superintendents rely heavily on chemical controls, particularly on high-valued turf areas such as fairways, tees, greens, and their immediate surrounds (collars). These areas, particularly putting greens, are of the highest value to the course and the game of golf. Therefore, multiple insecticide applications, targeting both adults and larvae, are made throughout the year, often using the same insecticide classes. The overuse of insecticides, particularly the pyrethroids, has resulted in an increase in insecticide-resistant populations, and a dire need to develop alternative control strategies. I investigated the effect that cultural practices have on L. maculicollis survival, behavior, and development in golf course putting greens to determine if populations may be reduced in these areas without synthetic insecticides and to develop Best Management Practices (BMPs) for putting greens. We know very little about the effects that turfgrass cultural practices (e.g. mowing, fertilization, irrigation) have on L. maculicollis population development and damage expression, particularly in golf course putting greens. Larval feeding damage is rarely reported in these areas, but is commonly observed on the adjacent short-mown turf (e.g. collars, fairways). Putting greens receive the highest input of insecticides and the most frequent and intense cultural inputs. Damage is frequently observed on collars, which receive all the same insecticide applications and cultural practices as the putting surface, with the exception of mowing height. This may suggest that adult survival and/or larval development is affected by mowing height. I found that mowing height had a significant effect on adult survival and behavior. Increasing numbers of adults were removed with decreasing mowing heights. Surprisingly, most adults were removed alive, suggesting there is a potential for moving weevils around the golf course and creating new infestations in close proximity to where clippings are disposed. Additionally, adults deviated from their normal oviposition behavior in greens height turf, choosing to oviposit outside of the turfgrass plant rather than within the stem of the plant. Neither larval abundance nor fitness was affected by mowing height-of-cut treatment.I examined the effect that time-of-day (TOD) and temperature had on adult canopy activity to determine when L. maculicollis are most susceptible to removal by mowing. TOD had no influence on L. maculicollis adult activity in controlled lab experiments when temperature was held constant. However, temperature appeared to influence vertical movement within the canopy. Canopy activity was significantly reduced as temperatures decreased below 10C. Temperature influenced canopy activity in field observations more than TOD. However, adults were most active during daylight hours, with very little activity at night. Adult activity peaked when day time temperatures were between 14 and 18C, with reduced activity on either side of this range.The findings of this thesis suggest that L. maculicollis has the potential to develop to damaging stages in turf maintained at putting green heights throughout the region. However, the act of mowing, especially at very low heights may affect population development and thus reduce the frequency of insecticide applications. The fate of loose eggs remains unknown, but the vulnerability of loose eggs may be a contributing factor to the lack of damage observed in putting greens. Finally, superintendents must be aware of how clippings are disposed of since most adults survived the act of mowing and may potentially re-infest turf neighboring disposal areas.
Book Synopsis Management of Turfgrass Diseases by : Joseph M. Vargas
Download or read book Management of Turfgrass Diseases written by Joseph M. Vargas and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2018-12-19 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This Second Edition of Management of Turfgrass Diseases has been completely revised and updated to provide the latest information on maintaining a healthy turf and identifying turf diseases. Written by a leading international lecturer on turf grasses, the book covers cultural, genetic, biological, and chemical approaches to turf management and provides practical solutions to everyday problems. Fungal, bacterial, and viral diseases; black layer disease; and diseases caused by nematodes are addressed for all major grasses. You'll learn about cool and warm season grasses, growing conditions, new diseases, symptoms, and identification and management techniques. Valuable tips on irrigation, fertilization, and grass culture as well as 72 full-color photographs and more than 100 figures ensure this book will be dog-eared from use. It's almost like having your own private turfgrass consultant sitting right on your bookshelf. What's New in the Second Edition? This second edition features new grasses, new diseases, and the latest research findings and practices. You'll have the most up-to-date information available on the major grasses.
Book Synopsis Investigation of Ice Encasement Survival Mechanisms and Winter Preparatory Management Strategies in Annual Bluegrass by : Kevin Laskowski
Download or read book Investigation of Ice Encasement Survival Mechanisms and Winter Preparatory Management Strategies in Annual Bluegrass written by Kevin Laskowski and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 121 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One aspect of the golf industry is turfgrass management. Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a golf course turfgrass species, often in a mixed stand with creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera). Many golf courses in the transition zone and north can be susceptible to ice or freeze injury to golf course putting greens. Annual bluegrass is more susceptible to ice cover damage than creeping bentgrass. In this thesis we aimed to evaluate mechanisms which could alleviate ice cover stress to annual bluegrass through exogeneous applications of chemicals prior to ice cover through fatty acid analysis of annual bluegrass crown tissue. We also intend to examine the role of the plant growth hormone, ethylene, in annual bluegrass and its effects on ice cover survival.Applications of fungicides or plant growth regulators to golf course putting greens are common turfgrass management tools. Trinexapac-ethyl, Civitas, paclobutrazol, and propiconazole are commonly applied to golf course putting greens. Applications of trinexapac-ethyl decreased unsaturated fatty acids while increasing saturated fatty acids ratios in crown tissue of annual bluegrass while Civitas increased unsaturated fatty acids and decreased saturated fatty acids. This was correlated to ice cover recovery with Civitas increasing recovery and trinexapac ethyl decreasing recovery after ice cover. The gaseous hormone ethylene was then examined to determine its role in changes to fatty acid ratios of annual bluegrass under ice cover. Applications of effective ethylene chemicals decreased unsaturated fatty acid ratios while increasing saturated fatty acid ratios.
Book Synopsis Creeping Bentgrass Management by : Peter H. Dernoeden
Download or read book Creeping Bentgrass Management written by Peter H. Dernoeden and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2000-07-15 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Creeping Bentgrass Management presents a difficult management problem throughout the summer season. This complex dilemma is related to numerous and often interrelated factors such as: extreme air and soil temperatures, drought or excessively wet soils, dense thatch or organic mats, mechanical and other physical stresses, improper management practices, the misuse of chemicals, and other physical stresses. The goal of this useful manual--complete with helpful color photographs--is to give golf course superintendents practical tools to better understand the many stress factors that contribute to the creeping bentgrass decline complex. It will help you pinpoint problems, and implement cultural and chemical solutions to maintain the integrity of your course.
Book Synopsis Response of Spatially Diverse Putting Green Populations of Poa Annua Var. Reptans to Nitrogen and Potassium by : Andrew Patrick Sliwa
Download or read book Response of Spatially Diverse Putting Green Populations of Poa Annua Var. Reptans to Nitrogen and Potassium written by Andrew Patrick Sliwa and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 28 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of Methiozolin Rates and Nitrogen Fertility Strategies for Annual Bluegrass Control and Creeping Bentgrass Safety on Golf Greens by : Chen Fang
Download or read book The Effects of Methiozolin Rates and Nitrogen Fertility Strategies for Annual Bluegrass Control and Creeping Bentgrass Safety on Golf Greens written by Chen Fang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 257 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Two experiments were conducted on the Ohio State University Golf Club practice green and one on a USGA green at the Ohio Turfgrass Foundation Research and Education Facility. The first project on the OSU Golf Club putting green was designed to study the interaction of methiozolin, nitrogen rate and fertilizing frequency on creeping bentgrass recovery and annual bluegrass suppression/control in the spring with fall only methiozolin treatments and fall/spring methiozolin treatments. The second project consisted of three methiozolin rates and four rates to determine the best combination of spring methiozolin rate and spring nitrogen application strategies that shows best control over annual bluegrass while benefiting creeping bentgrass recovery and safety. The third project at the OSU Research and Education Facility was to study the effects of five nitrogen rates on the lateral growth/recovery and quality of creeping bentgrass with/without methiozolin treatments.
Book Synopsis Impact of Cultural Management on Anthracnose Severity of Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf by : Joseph A. Roberts
Download or read book Impact of Cultural Management on Anthracnose Severity of Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf written by Joseph A. Roberts and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum cereale Manns) has become an increasingly destructive disease of annual bluegrass (ABG) [Poa annua L. f. reptans (Hausskn) T. Koyama] putting green turf over the past two decades. Cultural management to enhance the playing surface characteristics of putting greens are thought to enhance abiotic stress and predispose turf to anthracnose. Three field trials conducted from 2006 to 2008 evaluated the effects of irrigation, equipment traffic and lightweight rolling, and sand topdressing on anthracnose severity of ABG turf mowed at 3.2 mm. Severe deficit irrigation [40% replacement of reference evapotranspiration (ETo)] increased anthracnose severity during the study. Anthracnose was less severe under greater irrigation quantity. However, irrigating at 100% ETo resulted in disease severity similar to irrigation at 40% ETo by the end of 2006 and 2008. Irrigation to replace 80% ETo typically resulted in the least amount of disease and the best turf quality. Plots receiving turning of mowers and lightweight rollers as well as clean-up mowing (representing the putting green perimeter) had lower disease severity compared to center plots on 6 of 13 dates in 2007 and 2008. Additionally, lightweight rolling reduced anthracnose 2 to 13% compared to non-rolled turf in 2007 and 2008; the heavier sidewinder roller treatment had less disease than the triplex mounted vibratory roller treatment on 4 of 13 rating dates. Initially, turf receiving sand topdressing (0.3 L m-2 wk-1) had a small increase in disease compared to non-topdressed turf during 2007; however, disease decreased as much as 9% by August 2007 and again in 2008 on topdressed plots. Surprisingly, turf receiving foot traffic (5 d wk-1, ~200 rounds d-1) had as much as 27% lower disease severity than non-trafficked turf. This effect was independent of the level of sand topdressing during 2007 and 2008. The treatment combination of weekly topdressing and frequent foot traffic resulted in the best turf quality by the end of both seasons. Overall, the results of these three studies indicate that best management practices should be an integral component of a disease control program intended to reduce anthracnose severity on ABG putting green turf.
Book Synopsis Aspects of Phenotypic, Genetic, and Plastic Variation in Golf Course Populations of Annual Bluegrass, Poa Annua L. by : Sheila Emily Ward
Download or read book Aspects of Phenotypic, Genetic, and Plastic Variation in Golf Course Populations of Annual Bluegrass, Poa Annua L. written by Sheila Emily Ward and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 340 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Management of Annual Bluegrass (Poa Annua L.) Using Post-emergence Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators by : John B. Haguewood
Download or read book Management of Annual Bluegrass (Poa Annua L.) Using Post-emergence Herbicides and Plant Growth Regulators written by John B. Haguewood and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 101 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is a problematic weed species found in many turfgrass stands, particularly golf course putting greens. This weed is light green in color, has poor heat and drought tolerance, and produces many seeds making it undesirable on putting greens. The objectives of this research were to: a) investigate the use of the herbicide bispyribac-sodium alone or in combination with plant growth regulators for annual bluegrass control and putting green tolerance; b) determine the efficacy of plant growth regulators on annual bluegrass seedhead suppression when applied once, or followed by a sequential application; and c) determine how chemicals applied at different growth stages of annual bluegrass effect shoot growth and seedhead development. Field and greenhouse research was conducted during 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 at multiple golf courses throughout central Missouri. Treatments of bispyribacsodium alone or in combination with paclobutrazol demonstrated safety to putting greens with high levels of annual bluegrass control (90%). For seedhead suppression, treatments containing ethephon were most effective, resulting in up to 95% suppression of seedheads. Regardless of plant stage during application, annual bluegrass biomass was reduced 19 and 31% following applications of ethephon + trinexapac-ethyl or paclobutrazol, respectively.
Book Synopsis Anthracnose Severity Influenced by Cultural Management of Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf by : John C. Inguagiato
Download or read book Anthracnose Severity Influenced by Cultural Management of Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf written by John C. Inguagiato and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum cereale Manns sensu lato Crouch, Clarke, and Hillman) has become a devastating disease of annual bluegrass [Poa annua L. f. reptans (Hausskn) T. Koyama] putting green turf over the past 15 years. Factors responsible for the increased incidence and severity of anthracnose epiphytotics are not well understood, although speculation has focused on the influence of cultural practices on this disease. Six field trials were conducted from 2003 to 2007 to evaluate effects of cultural practices on anthracnose severity of annual bluegrass putting green turf in factorial arrangements. Nitrogen fertilization, mowing height and topdressing practices provided the most consistent and greatest influence on disease. Nitrogen applied from May through September at 4.9 kg ha-1 every 7 d reduced anthracnose severity 5 to 24% compared to the same rate applied every 28 d. Mowing at 3.6 mm reduced disease 3 to 21% compared to 2.8 mm, while 3.2 mm had intermediate disease severity. Mowing frequency (7 vs. 14 times wk-1) had little effect on anthracnose. Sand topdressing applied every 7 d at 0.3 L m-2 and 14 d at 0.6 L m-2 reduced anthracnose severity compared to no topdressing or similar rates applied less often, although greater rates applied less often (i.e., 21 d at 1.2 Lm-2) provided comparable results. Topdressing with sub-angular sand occasionally reduced anthracnose more than rounded sand. Lightweight rolling every other day reduced disease severity 5 to 6% under moderate disease pressure. The plant growth regulators trinexapac-ethyl, mefluidide and ethephon had inconsistent effects on anthracnose severity; however these materials typically did not increase disease and in some cases reduced it. For example, the combination of 7 d N fertilization, mefluidide and trinexapac-ethyl application occasionally reduced disease more than each factor alone. Also, trinexapac-ethyl applied at shorter intervals (7 vs. 14 d) and increased rate (0.08 vs. 0.05 kg a.i. ha-1) reduced anthracnose when disease severity was high. Cultural practices that may wound turf (e.g., verticutting and brushing) had little effect on anthracnose. These results provide the foundation for the development of best management practices to minimize anthracnose severity of annual bluegrass putting green turf.
Book Synopsis Root Distribution of Creeping Bentgrass and Annual Bluegrass on Golf Course Putting Greens by : Eric M. Lyons
Download or read book Root Distribution of Creeping Bentgrass and Annual Bluegrass on Golf Course Putting Greens written by Eric M. Lyons and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Biological Control of Annual Bluegrass (Poa Annua) in Putting Greens by : G. Michael Elston
Download or read book Biological Control of Annual Bluegrass (Poa Annua) in Putting Greens written by G. Michael Elston and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of Nutrient Management and Soil PH on Anthracnose Severity of Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf by : Charles J. Schmid
Download or read book Influence of Nutrient Management and Soil PH on Anthracnose Severity of Annual Bluegrass Putting Green Turf written by Charles J. Schmid and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum cereale Manns sensu lato Crouch, Clarke, and Hillman) is a fungal disease of annual bluegrass [Poa annua L. f. reptans (Hausskn) T. Koyama; ABG] turf, which can be intensified when abiotic conditions weaken turfgrass plants. Five field trials conducted from 2009 to 2015 evaluated the effects of N program, soluble N rate, N source, K source and rate, and soil pH on anthracnose severity of ABG maintained as putting green turf. Soluble N rate applied during midseason had the greatest influence on anthracnose severity. Granular N rate and season in which the majority of granular N was applied also influenced disease severity but to a lesser extent. Soluble N applied at 73 kg N ha-1 yr-1 in combination with moderate rates (147 or 220 kg N ha-1 yr-1) of granular N applied during the spring resulted in the greatest reduction in disease severity. Further analysis of the influence of soluble N rate on anthracnose severity found that higher rates (14.6 to 24.4 kg N ha-1 wk-1) of soluble N can be applied from late-spring through early-summer to reduce disease severity, but as the summer progresses moderate (9.8 kg N ha-1 wk-1) to low (4.9 kg N ha-1 wk-1) rates of soluble N should be applied to avoid excessive rates of N increasing disease severity. Playability (i.e. ball roll distance) of ABG turf was reduced by rates of soluble N applied at e"14.6 kg ha-1 wk-1 compared to N applied at 4.9 kg ha-1 wk-1 . Basic N sources (potassium nitrate and calcium nitrate) applied at 4.9 kg N ha-1 every 7-d reduced disease severity compared acidic N sources (ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate) applied at the same rate and frequency; however, when N was applied at 4.9 kg ha-1 every 14-d, disease severity was greater and few differences were seen among N sources. Potassium (K) fertilization reduced anthracnose severity regardless of K rate or K source. Critical soil K and leaf K concentration values affecting anthracnose severity were calculated to range from 43 to 70 mg kg-1 (Mehlich 3) and 19.3 to 23.1 g kg-1, respectively, using nonlinear regression models (Cate-Nelson, linear plateau, and quadratic plateau). Plots with moderately acidic soil (pH
Book Synopsis Adaptation and Differentiatio of Golf Course Populations of Annual Bluegrass (poa Annua) by : W. Mary Lush
Download or read book Adaptation and Differentiatio of Golf Course Populations of Annual Bluegrass (poa Annua) written by W. Mary Lush and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 6 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Influence of Phosphorus and Nitrogen on Annual Bluegrass Encroachment in a Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green by : Robert Raley
Download or read book Influence of Phosphorus and Nitrogen on Annual Bluegrass Encroachment in a Creeping Bentgrass Putting Green written by Robert Raley and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 79 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
