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Inferences With Ignorance Logics Of Questions
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Author :Michal Peliš Publisher :Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press ISBN 13 :8024631814 Total Pages :110 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (246 download)
Book Synopsis Inferences with Ignorance: Logics of Questions by : Michal Peliš
Download or read book Inferences with Ignorance: Logics of Questions written by Michal Peliš and published by Charles University in Prague, Karolinum Press. This book was released on 2017-03-01 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inferences with Ignorance focuses on two formal logic systems that employ the type of inferences in which questions are used in addition to statements. Not merely capturing questions as part of a logical apparatus, Michal Peliš also emphasizes the role of question-asking in communication. The book presents options for formalizing questions using sets of “direct answers,” demonstrates where questions are used in inferences, and explores asking questions and seeking answers as important components of everyday communication, proposing ways of using questions within a formal system that can capture a change in knowledge during this simple communication.
Book Synopsis Inferences with Ignorance by : Michal Peliš
Download or read book Inferences with Ignorance written by Michal Peliš and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 110 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "Focuses on two formal logic systems that employ the type of inferences in which questions are used in addition to statements. Not merely capturing questions as part of a logical apparatus, Michal Peliš also emphasizes the role of question-asking in communication. The book presents options for formalizing questions using sets of "direct answers," demonstrates where questions are used in inferences, and explores asking questions and seeking answers as important components of everyday communication, proposing ways of using questions within a formal system that can capture a change in knowledge during this simple communication."
Book Synopsis Asking and Answering by : Moritz Cordes
Download or read book Asking and Answering written by Moritz Cordes and published by Narr Francke Attempto Verlag. This book was released on 2021-12-10 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Questions are everywhere and the ubiquitous activities of asking and answering, as most human activities, are susceptible to failure - at least from time to time. This volume offers several current approaches to the systematic study of questions and the surrounding activities and works toward supporting and improving these activities. The contributors formulate general problems for a formal treatment of questions, investigate specific kinds of questions, compare different frameworks with regard to how they regulate the activities of asking and answering of questions, and situate these activities in a wider framework of cognitive/epistemic discourse. From the perspectives of logic, linguistics, epistemology, and philosophy of language emerges a report on the state of the art of the theory of questions.
Book Synopsis Logical Structures for Representation of Knowledge and Uncertainty by : Ellen Hisdal
Download or read book Logical Structures for Representation of Knowledge and Uncertainty written by Ellen Hisdal and published by Physica. This book was released on 2013-04-17 with total page 440 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is the business of science not to create laws, but to discover them. We do not originate the constitution of our own minds, greatly as it may be in our power to modify their character. And as the laws of the human intellect do not depend upon our will, so the forms of science, of (1. 1) which they constitute the basis, are in all essential regards independent of individual choice. George Boole [10, p. llJ 1. 1 Comparison with Traditional Logic The logic of this book is a probability logic built on top of a yes-no or 2-valued logic. It is divided into two parts, part I: BP Logic, and part II: M Logic. 'BP' stands for 'Bayes Postulate'. This postulate says that in the absence of knowl edge concerning a probability distribution over a universe or space one should assume 1 a uniform distribution. 2 The M logic of part II does not make use of Bayes postulate or of any other postulates or axioms. It relies exclusively on purely deductive reasoning following from the definition of probabilities. The M logic goes an important step further than the BP logic in that it can distinguish between certain types of information supply sentences which have the same representation in the BP logic as well as in traditional first order logic, although they clearly have different meanings (see example 6. 1. 2; also comments to the Paris-Rome problem of eqs. (1. 8), (1. 9) below).
Book Synopsis Questions, Inferences, and Scenarios by : Andrzej Wisniewski
Download or read book Questions, Inferences, and Scenarios written by Andrzej Wisniewski and published by . This book was released on 2013-08 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The importance of questions is beyond doubt. But the degree of attention paid to them in logic and linguistics is still less than they deserve." (from the Preface) What is a question? How to represent questions in formal languages? How to model reasoning in which questions are involved? Can we prove anything by means of pure questioning? How to model goal-directed problem solving? These are the main issues of Andrzej Wi niewski's "Questions, Inferences, and Scenarios." This book offers a state-of-the-art exposition of Inferential Erotetic Logic, that is, an approach to the logic of questions focused on inferences which lead to questions as conclusions. Wi niewski characterizes semantic relations which determine validity of these inferences within the framework of Minimal Erotetic Semantics, applicable to a wide range of formal languages. He elaborates in detail the concept of erotetic search scenario, a tool for modelling problem solving. Moreover, the author presents some applications of Inferential Erotetic Logic in proof theory. Andrzej Wi niewski is one of the most prominent contemporary researchers in the logic of questions. Currently, he is a full professor at the Department of Logic and Cognitive Science, Institute of Psychology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Pozna, Poland.
Book Synopsis Logic of Statistical Inference by : Ian Hacking
Download or read book Logic of Statistical Inference written by Ian Hacking and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2016-08-26 with total page 229 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book showcases Ian Hacking's early ideas on the central issues surrounding statistical reasoning. Presented in a fresh twenty-first-century series livery, and with a specially commissioned new preface, this influential work is now available for a new generation of readers in statistics, philosophy of science and philosophy of maths.
Book Synopsis A System of Logic Ratiocinative and Inductive, Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation by : Mill
Download or read book A System of Logic Ratiocinative and Inductive, Being a Connected View of the Principles of Evidence and the Methods of Scientific Investigation written by Mill and published by . This book was released on 1886 with total page 648 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Routledge International Handbook of Ignorance Studies by : Matthias Gross
Download or read book Routledge International Handbook of Ignorance Studies written by Matthias Gross and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2015-05-15 with total page 427 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Once treated as the absence of knowledge, ignorance today has become a highly influential topic in its own right, commanding growing attention across the natural and social sciences where a wide range of scholars have begun to explore the social life and political issues involved in the distribution and strategic use of not knowing. The field is growing fast and this handbook reflects this interdisciplinary field of study by drawing contributions from economics, sociology, history, philosophy, cultural studies, anthropology, feminist studies, and related fields in order to serve as a seminal guide to the political, legal and social uses of ignorance in social and political life. Chapter 33 of this book is freely available as a downloadable Open Access PDF under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license available here: https://tandfbis.s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com/rt-files/docs/Open+Access+Chapters/9780415718967_oachapter33.pdf
Book Synopsis Logic; Or, The Science of Inference. A Systematic View of the Principles of Evidence, and the Methods of Inference in the Various Departments of Human Knowledge by : Joseph Devey
Download or read book Logic; Or, The Science of Inference. A Systematic View of the Principles of Evidence, and the Methods of Inference in the Various Departments of Human Knowledge written by Joseph Devey and published by . This book was released on 1854 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Essentials of Logic, Being Ten Lectures on Judgment and Inference by : Bernard Bosanquet
Download or read book The Essentials of Logic, Being Ten Lectures on Judgment and Inference written by Bernard Bosanquet and published by Good Press. This book was released on 2021-11-05 with total page 133 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of lectures pertaining to logic and inference was written by Bernard Bosanquet, an English philosopher and political theorist, and an influential figure on matters of political and social policy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It covers the following concepts, among others: judgment as the consciousness of the world as well as induction, deduction, and causation.
Book Synopsis The Psychology of Proof by : Lance J. Rips
Download or read book The Psychology of Proof written by Lance J. Rips and published by MIT Press. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 465 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Lance Rips describes a unified theory of natural deductive reasoning and fashions a working model of deduction, with strong experimental support, that is capable of playing a central role in mental life. In this provocative book, Lance Rips describes a unified theory of natural deductive reasoning and fashions a working model of deduction, with strong experimental support, that is capable of playing a central role in mental life. Rips argues that certain inference principles are so central to our notion of intelligence and rationality that they deserve serious psychological investigation to determine their role in individuals' beliefs and conjectures. Asserting that cognitive scientists should consider deductive reasoning as a basis for thinking, Rips develops a theory of natural reasoning abilities and shows how it predicts mental successes and failures in a range of cognitive tasks. In parts I and II of the book, Rips builds insights from cognitive psychology, logic, and artificial intelligence into a unified theoretical structure. He defends the idea that deduction depends on the ability to construct mental proofs—actual memory units that link given information to conclusions it warrants. From this base Rips develops a computational model of deduction based on two cognitive skills: the ability to make suppositions or assumptions and the ability to posit sub-goals for conclusions. A wide variety of original experiments support this model, including studies of human subjects evaluating logical arguments as well as following and remembering proofs. Unlike previous theories of mental proof, this one handles names and variables in a general way. This capability enables deduction to play a crucial role in other thought processes, such as classifying and problem solving. In part III, Rips compares the theory to earlier approaches in psychology which confined the study of deduction to a small group of tasks, and examines whether the theory is too rational or too irrational in its mode of thought.
Book Synopsis Ignorant Cognition by : Selene Arfini
Download or read book Ignorant Cognition written by Selene Arfini and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-02-19 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers a comprehensive philosophical investigation of ignorance. Using a set of cognitive tools and models, it discusses features that can describe a state of ignorance if linked to a particular type of cognition affecting the agent’s social behavior, belief system, and inferential capacity. The author defines ignorance as a cognitive condition that can be either passively (and unconsciously) borne by an agent or actively nurtured by him or her, and a condition that entails epistemic limitations (which can be any lack of knowledge, belief, information or data) that affect the agent’s behavior, belief system, and inferential capacity. The author subsequently describes the ephemeral nature of ignorance, its tenacity in the development of human inferential and cognitive performance, and the possibility of sharing ignorance among human agents within the social dimension. By combining previous frameworks such as the naturalization of logic, the eco-cognitive perspective in philosophy and concepts from Peircean epistemology, and adding original ideas derived from the author’s own research and reflections, the book develops a new cognitive framework to help understand the nature of ignorance and its influence on the human condition.
Book Synopsis Abductive Cognition by : Lorenzo Magnani
Download or read book Abductive Cognition written by Lorenzo Magnani and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2009-10-13 with total page 549 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume explores abductive cognition, an important but, at least until the third quarter of the last century, neglected topic in cognition. It aims at increasing knowledge about creative and expert inferences.
Book Synopsis Logic; or, The science of inference by : Joseph Devey
Download or read book Logic; or, The science of inference written by Joseph Devey and published by . This book was released on 1854 with total page 462 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Formal Logic: Or, the Calculus of Inference, Necessary and Probable by Augustus De Morgan by : Augustus De Morgan
Download or read book Formal Logic: Or, the Calculus of Inference, Necessary and Probable by Augustus De Morgan written by Augustus De Morgan and published by . This book was released on 1847 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Logic written by J. Lacy O'Byrne Croke and published by . This book was released on 1906 with total page 362 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Essentials of Logic by : Irving Copi
Download or read book Essentials of Logic written by Irving Copi and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-08 with total page 539 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rendered from the 11th Edition of Copi/Cohen, Introduction to Logic, the most respected introductory logic book on the market, this concise version presents a simplified yet rigorous introduction to the study of logic. It covers all major topics and approaches, using a three-part organization that outlines specific topics under logic and language, deduction, and induction. For individuals intrigued by the formal study of logic.
