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Book Synopsis Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Fusion by : George H. Miley
Download or read book Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Fusion written by George H. Miley and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-12-12 with total page 415 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides readers with an introductory understanding of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC), a type of fusion meant to retain plasma using an electrostatic field. IEC provides a unique approach for plasma confinement, as it offers a number of spin-off applications, such as a small neutron source for Neutron Activity Analysis (NAA), that all work towards creating fusion power. The IEC has been identified in recent times as an ideal fusion power unit because of its ability to burn aneutronic fuels like p-B11 as a result of its non-Maxwellian plasma dominated by beam-like ions. This type of fusion also takes place in a simple mechanical structure small in size, which also contributes to its viability as a source of power. This book posits that the ability to study the physics of IEC in very small volume plasmas makes it possible to rapidly investigate a design to create a power-producing device on a much larger scale. Along with this hypothesis the book also includes a conceptual experiment proposed for demonstrating breakeven conditions for using p-B11 in a hydrogen plasma simulation. This book also: Offers an in-depth look, from introductory basics to experimental simulation, of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement, an emerging method for generating fusion power Discusses how the Inertial Electrostatic Confinement method can be applied to other applications besides fusion through theoretical experiments in the text Details the study of the physics of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement in small-volume plasmas and suggests that their rapid reproduction could lead to the creation of a large-scale power-producing device Perfect for researchers and students working with nuclear fusion, Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Fusion: Fundamentals and Applications also offers the current experimental status of IEC research, details supporting theories in the field and introduces other potential applications that stem from IEC.
Book Synopsis Pulsed Power Supply (and Operation) of the Cylindrical Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Fusion Device by : Robert Andrew Stubbers
Download or read book Pulsed Power Supply (and Operation) of the Cylindrical Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Fusion Device written by Robert Andrew Stubbers and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 120 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Issues for Development of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) for Future Fusion Propulsion by : G. H. Miley
Download or read book Issues for Development of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) for Future Fusion Propulsion written by G. H. Miley and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis A Method for Active Space Charge Neutralization in an Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Nuclear Fusion Device by : Brendan Sporer
Download or read book A Method for Active Space Charge Neutralization in an Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Nuclear Fusion Device written by Brendan Sporer and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion concepts are discussed and their shortcomings noted. Ion space charge is substantiated as a significant hindrance to high efficiencies, so a method for space charge neutralization in an ion-injected IEC device is proposed. An electrostatically- plugged magnetic trap is used to confine electrons in the core region of a planar electrostatic trap for ions. The electrons act to dynamically neutralize the space charge created by converging ions for the purpose of increasing achievable core density and fusion rates. An electrostatic trap utilizing this method of neutralization is termed the plasma-core planar electrostatic trap, or PCPET. COMSOL Multiphysics 4.3 is used to model the electromagnetic fields of the PCPET and compute lone ion and electron trajectories within them. In the proper configuration, ions are shown to be stably confined in the trap for many hundreds of oscillations, potentially much longer. Electrons are confined virtually infinitely in the central electrostatically-plugged cusp. For both species, upscatter into source electrodes seems to be the dominant loss mechanism. Adjusting the electron energy and behavior in the core to provide the optimum neutralization for ions is discussed. Ion synchronization behavior can be controlled with RF signals applied to the anode. Two operational modes are identified and discriminated by the state of ion synchronization. Further experimentation is needed to determine which mode produces the optimal neutralization and fusion rate. An experimental prototype PCPET is constructed out of 3D-printed PLA and machined aluminum.
Book Synopsis Two Dimensional Modeling of a Radially Convergent Cylindrical Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Fusion Device by : Roberts Andrew Stubbers
Download or read book Two Dimensional Modeling of a Radially Convergent Cylindrical Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) Fusion Device written by Roberts Andrew Stubbers and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 468 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Production of 13N from Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion by : John W. Weidner
Download or read book The Production of 13N from Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion written by John W. Weidner and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 286 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Performance Impact of Ion Sources in Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Devices by : Alexandru D. Calburean
Download or read book Performance Impact of Ion Sources in Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Devices written by Alexandru D. Calburean and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 48 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In order to improve the performance of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) based fusion devices, so as to improve their effectiveness as low cost, portable neutron sources, a novel use of ion sources is proposed as a means of increasing fusion reaction rate at similar power levels. This paper aims to determine the success and practicality of the proposed use type for ion sources and characterize the IEC device in question, in terms of performance, and neutron emission. The application outlined aims to improve upon the performance of IEC devices with an anode layer ion source. The above-mentioned approach was evaluated by first conditioning the IEC fusion device in question. Then a neutron flux baseline was recorded as a metric for performance, and to evaluate the assumption of neutron emission isotropy in the device. Then an ion source was installed in the chamber, and the system was once again conditioned in the same manner. A similar baseline reading and analysis was done to ensure a correct comparison could be made between performance with the ion source turned on and off. Next the system was run with the ion source at full power to allow for further characterization of the performance and stability of the device. Finally, a last run was carried out with the ion source properly tuned, and results were compared to both baseline runs. It has been shown that there is a potential performance gain from operation with an ion source, both in terms of system stability and improved neutron emission. Across all run campaigns, the assumption of isotropic emission was shown to be a poor representation of the actual emission. With a higher degree of certainty, it has been shown that operation with an ion source serves to reliably exaggerate the anisotropy found in baseline campaigns.
Book Synopsis Inertial Electrostatic Confinement by : Ryan Meyer
Download or read book Inertial Electrostatic Confinement written by Ryan Meyer and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) is a means to confine ions for fusion purposes with electrostatic fields in a converging geometry. Its engineering simplicity makes it appealing when compared to magnetic confinement devices. It is hoped that such a device may one day be a net energy producer, but it has near term applications as a neutron generator. We study spherical IECs (SIECs), both theoretically and experimentally. Theoretically, we compute solutions in the free molecular limit and map out regions in control parameter space conducive to the formation of double potential wells. In addition, several other observables are mapped in the control parameter space. Such studies predict the threshold for the phenomena of "core splitting" to occur when the fractional well depth (FWD) is ~70%-80%. With respect to double potential wells, it is shown that an optimal population of electrons exists for double well formation. In addition, double well depth is relatively insensitive to space charge spreading of ion beams. Glow discharge devices are studied experimentally with double and single Langmuir probes. The postulated micro-channeling phenomenon is verified with density measurements along a micro-channel and along the radius where micro-channels are absent. In addition, the measurements allow an evaluation of the neutrality of micro-channels and the heterogeneous structure of "Star Mode". It is shown that, despite visual evidence, micro-channeling persists well into "Jet" mode. In addition, the threshold for the "Star" mode to "Jet" mode transition is obtained experimentally. The studies have revealed new techniques for estimating tangential electric field components and studying the focusing of ion flow.
Book Synopsis Improving Particle Confinement in Inertial Electrostatic Fusion for Spacecraft Power and Propulsion by : Carl Dietrich
Download or read book Improving Particle Confinement in Inertial Electrostatic Fusion for Spacecraft Power and Propulsion written by Carl Dietrich and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fusion energy is attractive for use in future spacecraft because of improved fuel energy density and reduced radioactivity compared with fission power. Unfortunately, the most promising means of generating fusion power on the ground (Tokamak based reactors like ITER and inertial confinement reactors like NIF) require very large and heavy structures for power supplies and magnets, in the case of magnetic confinement, or capacitors and lasers in the case of inertial confinement. The mass of these reactors and support equipment is sufficiently large that no existing or planned heavy-lift vehicle could launch such a reactor, thereby necessitating in-space construction which would substantially increase the cost of the endeavor. The scaling of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC) is such that high power densities might be achievable in small, light-weight reactors, potentially enabling more rapid, lower cost development of fusion power and propulsion systems for space applications. The primary focus of the research into improving particle and energy confinement in IEC systems is based on the idea of electrostatic ion focusing in a spherically symmetric gridded IEC system.
Book Synopsis Analysis of Fast Neutral Particles in Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Devices by :
Download or read book Analysis of Fast Neutral Particles in Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Devices written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A neutral particle analyzer was engineered specifically for inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion devices for the first time and particularly for studies with relevance to operation with helium-3, an advanced fusion fuel. For experiments with helium, this technique yields energy distributions of escaping fast neutral particles produced by atomic and molecular processes between energetic ions and background gas, as well as the line-of-sight-averaged energy distributions of fast ions. The setup uses a 10 nm carbon foil as a stripping target for incident fast neutral particles and cylindrical electrodes with a variable relative voltage for deflecting ions of a specific energy per unit charge into a continuous electron multiplier. The new diagnostic can be used to study neutral particles with kinetic energies between 5 and 170 keV, with a measured energy resolution of 2-4% between 5 and 30 keV. Initial neutral particle analysis experiments have been performed at cathode voltages up to 60 kV for IEC devices in the glow discharge, external-ion-source and filament-assisted source plasma configurations, with both helium-4 and deuterium gas. Comparisons between experimentally determined neutral-particle energy distributions and predictions by the VICTER and HeVICTER integral-transport numerical codes on spherically convergent ion flow in IEC devices show that the codes do not capture many details of the relevant physics. For helium-4 experiments in the external-ion-source mode, the energy distributions were confirmed to be significantly harder at 0.2 millitorr than at 5 millitorr, which is essential for the prospects of the configuration for increasing helium-3 fusion rates.
Book Synopsis Time of Flight Diagnosis of Fusion Profiles in Spherical Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Devices by :
Download or read book Time of Flight Diagnosis of Fusion Profiles in Spherical Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Devices written by and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Time of Flight (TOF) diagnostic produces 1-D fusion spatial profiles across the inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion device by coincidentally capturing protons and tritons from individual deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion events. Several experimental upgrades were implemented and a new TOF data set was recorded. The resulting fusion profile was peaked at the center of the cathode and did not show evidence for significant fusion occurring outside the anode. Previous TOF measurements indicated that a significant number of fusion events were occurring in the region between the anode and the chamber wall. Detailed analysis of the previous data indicated that the measurement suffered intermittent timing errors and confirmed that fusion is primarily occurring within the cathode. The current TOF results compared well with additional previous experiments conducted at UW-Madison that observed a peak in the fusion rate near the center of the cathode. Previous measurements indicated that fusion in spherical IEC devices is concentrated in beams that extend from the center of the cathode, through holes in the cathode grid, out to the chamber wall. The current TOF data and all previous UW-Madison experimental results appear to be consistent with fusion being concentrated along beams. A new capability of the TOF system was developed, in which the energy distribution function (EDF) is determined for deuterons that initiated fusion reactions. For an applied cathode voltage of -60 kV and background gas pressure of 1.5 mTorr, the fusion deuteron EDF peaked between 15-20 keV. The peak between 15-20 keV indicates that the primary fast deuterium ion species in the system may be D3+. Scattering, ionization and charge exchange also play a significant role in IEC physics at this pressure.
Book Synopsis Confinement Limitations in Gridded Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Devices by : Thomas J. McGuire
Download or read book Confinement Limitations in Gridded Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion Devices written by Thomas J. McGuire and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion as an Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory by : Douglas Tallmadge
Download or read book Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion as an Undergraduate Teaching Laboratory written by Douglas Tallmadge and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 160 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis An Innovative Accelerator-driven Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Device Using Converging Ion Beams by :
Download or read book An Innovative Accelerator-driven Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Device Using Converging Ion Beams written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 8 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Fundamental physics issues facing development of fusion power on a small-scale are assessed with emphasis on the idea of Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (IEC). The authors propose a new concept of accelerator-driven IEC fusion, termed Converging Beam Inertial Electrostatic Confinement (CB-IEC). CB-IEC offers a number of innovative features that make it an attractive pathway toward resolving fundamental physics issues and assessing the ultimate viability of the IEC concept for power generation.
Book Synopsis Life at the Center of the Energy Crisis by : George Hunter Miley
Download or read book Life at the Center of the Energy Crisis written by George Hunter Miley and published by World Scientific. This book was released on 2013 with total page 234 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life at the Center of the Energy Crisis: A Technologist''s Search for a Black Swan describes the story of the author''s work and struggles in the field of energy research. The author''s experience in the field spans from work with Admiral Rickover and the Nuclear Navy to research with NASA designing propulsion for spacecraft to travel to Mars. The book provides insights into the differences between nuclear research done during the Cold War by the two superpowers, and offers a commentary on the flaws in each system with hope for change in the future. The book also provides a look into the development of the nuclear engineering program at the University of Illinois from the author''s years as a professor and an administrator.
Book Synopsis Ionized Physical Vapor Deposition by :
Download or read book Ionized Physical Vapor Deposition written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 1999-10-14 with total page 268 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume provides the first comprehensive look at a pivotal new technology in integrated circuit fabrication. For some time researchers have sought alternate processes for interconnecting the millions of transistors on each chip because conventional physical vapor deposition can no longer meet the specifications of today's complex integrated circuits. Out of this research, ionized physical vapor deposition has emerged as a premier technology for the deposition of thin metal films that form the dense interconnect wiring on state-of-the-art microprocessors and memory chips. For the first time, the most recent developments in thin film deposition using ionized physical vapor deposition (I-PVD) are presented in a single coherent source. Readers will find detailed descriptions of relevant plasma source technology, specific deposition systems, and process recipes. The tools and processes covered include DC hollow cathode magnetrons, RF inductively coupled plasmas, and microwave plasmas that are used for depositing technologically important materials such as copper, tantalum, titanium, TiN, and aluminum. In addition, this volume describes the important physical processes that occur in I-PVD in a simple and concise way. The physical descriptions are followed by experimentally-verified numerical models that provide in-depth insight into the design and operation I-PVD tools. Practicing process engineers, research and development scientists, and students will find that this book's integration of tool design, process development, and fundamental physical models make it an indispensable reference. Key Features: The first comprehensive volume on ionized physical vapor deposition Combines tool design, process development, and fundamental physical understanding to form a complete picture of I-PVD Emphasizes practical applications in the area of IC fabrication and interconnect technology Serves as a guide to select the most appropriate technology for any deposition application *This single source saves time and effort by including comprehensive information at one's finger tips *The integration of tool design, process development, and fundamental physics allows the reader to quickly understand all of the issues important to I-PVD *The numerous practical applications assist the working engineer to select and refine thin film processes
Book Synopsis Principles of Plasma Physics for Engineers and Scientists by : Umran S. Inan
Download or read book Principles of Plasma Physics for Engineers and Scientists written by Umran S. Inan and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2010-12-02 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This unified introduction provides the tools and techniques needed to analyze plasmas and connects plasma phenomena to other fields of study. Combining mathematical rigor with qualitative explanations, and linking theory to practice with example problems, this is a perfect textbook for senior undergraduate and graduate students taking one-semester introductory plasma physics courses. For the first time, material is presented in the context of unifying principles, illustrated using organizational charts, and structured in a successive progression from single particle motion, to kinetic theory and average values, through to collective phenomena of waves in plasma. This provides students with a stronger understanding of the topics covered, their interconnections, and when different types of plasma models are applicable. Furthermore, mathematical derivations are rigorous, yet concise, so physical understanding is not lost in lengthy mathematical treatments. Worked examples illustrate practical applications of theory and students can test their new knowledge with 90 end-of-chapter problems.
