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Inequality Of Opportunity In South Caucasus
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Book Synopsis Inequality of Opportunity in South Caucasus by : Alan Fuchs
Download or read book Inequality of Opportunity in South Caucasus written by Alan Fuchs and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 49 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper discusses equality of opportunity in Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, with an emphasis on access to labor market opportunities. It develops an inequality of opportunity index on access to good jobs and decomposes the contributing factors in the prevailing inequality. Then, it discusses the extent to which inequality in accessing human capital inputs among individuals during the early formative years may affect access to good jobs. The main takeaways are as follows. First, connections play an important role in obtaining access to good jobs in the South Caucasus, highlighting the unfairness in processes in the sub-region's labor markets. Second, access to good jobs-defined as work for 20 hours or more a week and work under contract or with tenure-is low in the South Caucasus in comparison with other parts of Eastern Europe and Central Asia. Third, even among people who have access to these jobs, the share of the total inequality of opportunity that may be characterized as unfair is relatively high. Armenia and Azerbaijan stand out for the significant share of inequality in access to good jobs associated with gender differences. Fourth, the analysis on access to education and basic human capital inputs in the earlier, formative stages of life shows that learning performance in the South Caucasus tends to be poor and unequal across the life circumstances of children. Nonetheless, the coverage rates of basic human capital inputs are generally high; the relatively narrow inequalities arise mostly from spatial disparities. These results indicate that addressing the deep structural inequalities shaping the landscape of opportunity in the South Caucasus must be a key consideration in any strategy to share prosperity sustainably.
Book Synopsis Combating Poverty and Access to Social Rights in the Countries of the South Caucasus by : Council of Europe
Download or read book Combating Poverty and Access to Social Rights in the Countries of the South Caucasus written by Council of Europe and published by Council of Europe. This book was released on 2003-01-01 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book has three aims: place the issue of active access to social rights and anti-poverty strategies, analyse the advantages of twinning between regions of the European Union and of the Caucases and clarify the role of the Council of Europe in anti-poverty strategies. -- Council of Europe.
Book Synopsis South Caucasus in Motion by : World Bank Group
Download or read book South Caucasus in Motion written by World Bank Group and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The people of the South Caucasus aspire for their countries to become strong middle-class societies, and they are on track to make that aspiration a reality. Two decades of social and economic progress have changed the societies of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. The notable improvements that people in the region have experienced are reflected in better living standards that allowed poverty to be reduced by half in the 12 years between 2005 and 2017. Yet, to consolidate middle-class societies, the governments of the South Caucasus need to do more to achieve the stability and resilience enjoyed by their more advanced peers in Europe and Central Asia. Sustainable economic growth, poverty reduction, and shared prosperity require that the full potential of all geographical and administrative areas, population groups, and economic sectors be realized. This boo analyzes spatial, social, and economic mobility in the South Caucasus. The book argues that Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia have not yet integrated important geographical areas and population segments in full economic participation and social development. Economic gains have not been uniformly and equitably translated into greater welfare and opportunity among all households and individuals. The main conclusion is that sustainable growth, poverty reduction, and the consolidation of the middle class require that the institutional and physical foundations of greater and more equitable economic and social mobility be secured in the South Caucasus. Understanding and removing the constraints to the development of lagging districts; leveraging opportunities for agglomeration; linking geographical areas, peoples, and markets; fostering equality in access to better jobs; and making sure that high-quality education and basic services are available to all individuals and areas are crucial.
Book Synopsis South Caucasus in Motion by : Weltbankgruppe
Download or read book South Caucasus in Motion written by Weltbankgruppe and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The people of the South Caucasus aspire for their countries to become strong middle-class societies, and they are on track to make that aspiration a reality. Two decades of social and economic progress have changed the societies of Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia. The notable improvements that people in the region have experienced are reflected in better living standards that allowed poverty to be reduced by half in the 12 years between 2005 and 2017. Yet, to consolidate middle-class societies, the governments of the South Caucasus need to do more to achieve the stability and resilience enjoyed by their more advanced peers in Europe and Central Asia. Sustainable economic growth, poverty reduction, and shared prosperity require that the full potential of all geographical and administrative areas, population groups, and economic sectors be realized. This boo analyzes spatial, social, and economic mobility in the South Caucasus. The book argues that Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia have not yet integrated important geographical areas and population segments in full economic participation and social development. Economic gains have not been uniformly and equitably translated into greater welfare and opportunity among all households and individuals. The main conclusion is that sustainable growth, poverty reduction, and the consolidation of the middle class require that the institutional and physical foundations of greater and more equitable economic and social mobility be secured in the South Caucasus. Understanding and removing the constraints to the development of lagging districts; leveraging opportunities for agglomeration; linking geographical areas, peoples, and markets; fostering equality in access to better jobs; and making sure that high-quality education and basic services are available to all individuals and areas are crucial.
Download or read book Gender in Georgia written by Maia Barkaia and published by Berghahn Books. This book was released on 2017-10-01 with total page 250 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As Georgia seeks to reinvent itself as a nation-state in the post-Soviet period, Georgian women are maneuvering, adjusting, resisting and transforming the new economic, social and political order. In Gender in Georgia, editors Maia Barkaia and Alisse Waterston bring together an international group of feminist scholars to explore the socio-political and cultural conditions that have shaped gender dynamics in Georgia from the late 19th century to the present. In doing so, they provide the first-ever woman-centered collection of research on Georgia, offering a feminist critique of power in its many manifestations, and an assessment of women’s political agency in Georgia.
Book Synopsis Research Handbook on Measuring Poverty and Deprivation by : Jacques Silber
Download or read book Research Handbook on Measuring Poverty and Deprivation written by Jacques Silber and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2023-03-02 with total page 777 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Encompassing chapters that address both unidimensional and multidimensional poverty, this timely Research Handbook explores all aspects of poverty and deprivation measurement, not only detailing broad issues but also scrutinising specific domains and aspects of poverty, such as health, energy and housing. Its succinct and highly focussed chapters, written by a diverse range of authors, employ a combination of theoretical and empirical methodologies to offer well-rounded explorations of complex topics.
Book Synopsis Toward a New Social Contract by : Maurizio Bussolo
Download or read book Toward a New Social Contract written by Maurizio Bussolo and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2018-10-24 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The growing economic fissures in the societies of Europe and Central Asia between generations, between insiders and outsiders in the labor market, between rural and urban communities, and between the super-rich and everyone else, are threatening the sustainability of the social contract. The institutions that helped achieving a remarkable degree of equity and prosperity over the course of several decades now face considerable difficulties in coping with the challenges presented by these emerging forms of inequality. Public surveys reveal rising concerns over inequality of opportunity, while electoral results show a marked shift to populist parties that offer radical solutions to voters dissatisfied with the status quo. There is no single solution to relieve these tensions, and attempts to address them will vary considerably across the region. However, this publication proposes three broad policy principles: (1) promote labor market flexibility while maintaining protection for all types of labor contracts; (2) seek universality in the provision of social assistance, social insurance, and basic quality services; and (3) expand the tax base by complementing progressive labor-income taxation with taxation of capital. These principles could guide the rethinking of the social contract and fulfil European citizens’ aspirations for growth and equity.
Book Synopsis Income, Inequality, and Poverty During the Transition from Planned to Market Economy by : Branko Milanovi?
Download or read book Income, Inequality, and Poverty During the Transition from Planned to Market Economy written by Branko Milanovi? and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1998 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Bank Technical Paper No. 394. Joint Forest Management (JFM) has emerged as an important intervention in the management of Indias forest resources. This report sets out an analytical method for examining the costs and benefits of JFM arrangements. Two pilot case studies in which the method was used demonstrate interesting outcomes regarding incentives for various groups to participate. The main objective of this study is to develop a better understanding of the incentives for communities to participate in JFM.
Book Synopsis Development in Central Asia and the Caucasus by : Sophie Hohmann
Download or read book Development in Central Asia and the Caucasus written by Sophie Hohmann and published by Bloomsbury Publishing. This book was released on 2014-06-25 with total page 376 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: After the final collapse of the Soviet Union, the so-called 'last empire', in 1991, the countries of Central Asia - Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan - and of the Caucasus - Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia - became independent nations. These countries, previously production centres under the socialist planning system of the Soviet Union, have made enormous economic adjustments in order to develop - or attempt to develop - along capitalist lines. As this study will show, however, inequality in Central Asia and the Caucasus is widening, as the Soviet systems of healthcare and state provisions disappear. Rejecting the Cold War-era East/West paradigm often used to analyse the development of these nations, this study analyses development along the North-South lines which characterise the migration patterns and poverty levels of much of the rest of the developed world. This opens up new avenues of research, and helps us understand why it is, for instance, that this region is better characterised as a 'new South' - as skilled workers flood out of the territories and into Russia and Western Europe. Development in Central Asia and the Caucasus draws together detailed analyses of the development of migration economics as the region's oil wealth further enhances its strategic and economic importance to Russia, the US, the Middle East and to the EU.
Book Synopsis Promoting Inclusive Growth in the Caucasus and Central Asia by : Ms.Mercedes Vera-Martín
Download or read book Promoting Inclusive Growth in the Caucasus and Central Asia written by Ms.Mercedes Vera-Martín and published by International Monetary Fund. This book was released on 2019-05-16 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CCA countries achieved gains in inclusiveness over the past 20 years as incomes increased and poverty, inequality, and unemployment declined. Most of the progress occurred before the 2008–09 global financial crisis. Since then, poverty rates have barely moved and, for oil importers, remain elevated.
Book Synopsis Research on Economic Inequality by : Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay
Download or read book Research on Economic Inequality written by Sanghamitra Bandyopadhyay and published by Emerald Group Publishing. This book was released on 2017-11-30 with total page 363 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume presents ten chapters that discuss the economics of poverty, inequality and welfare. They address how we measure poverty, inequality and welfare and how we use such measurements to devise policies to deliver social mobility. They consider both theoretical and empirical topics with special reference to developing countries.
Book Synopsis Women, Business and the Law 2016 by : World Bank Group
Download or read book Women, Business and the Law 2016 written by World Bank Group and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2015-09-18 with total page 271 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In a changing world, how can we be sure that women as well as men entrepreneurs and workers obtain the benefit from these changes? Ensuring that women have the same legal opportunities as men is one part of the picture. By measuring where the law treats men and women differently, Women, Business and the Law shines a light on how women's incentives or capacity to work are affected by the legal environment and provides a basis for improving regulation. The fourth edition in a series, Women, Business and the Law 2016: Getting to Equal examines laws and regulations affecting women's prospects as entrepreneurs and employees in 173 economies, across seven areas: accessing institutions, using property, getting a job, providing incentives to work, building credit, going to court, and protecting women from violence. The report's quantitative indicators are intended to inform research and policy discussions on how to improve women's economic opportunities and outcomes.
Book Synopsis Development in Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine by : OECD
Download or read book Development in Eastern Europe and the South Caucasus Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2011-06-14 with total page 296 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The studies contained in this volume demonstrate that despite the economic crisis, there still is much potential in this region and that the measures that need to be taken to realise that potential are feasible and affordable.
Book Synopsis Good Jobs for Inclusive Growth in Central Asia and the South Caucasus by :
Download or read book Good Jobs for Inclusive Growth in Central Asia and the South Caucasus written by and published by Asian Development Bank. This book was released on 2019-02-01 with total page 191 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores prospects for inclusive growth in the Central Asia and the South Caucasus region and highlights the central role played by the creation of good jobs. The study reviews economic performance in the region and discusses prospects through 2030, introducing two growth scenarios related to the adoption of structural reforms for creating good jobs and inclusive growth. It also highlights the importance of adopting a full policy reform scenario.
Book Synopsis Uneven Odds, Unequal Outcomes by : Nandini Krishnan
Download or read book Uneven Odds, Unequal Outcomes written by Nandini Krishnan and published by Directions in Development. This book was released on 2016 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Perceptions of eroding living standards, low levels of life satisfaction, and pessimism about prospects for economic mobility are widespread in the Middle East and North Africa region today. Conventional measures of economic well-being offer little explanation for these trends; in most countries in the region, extreme poverty is low and declining and economic inequality is lower than in other parts of the world. "Uneven Odds, Unequal Outcomes: Inequality of Opportunity in the Middle East and North Africa" investigates possible reasons for this disconnect, focusing on the role played by inadequate and unequal access to opportunities leading to economic mobility. The inability of most countries in the region to meet the economic aspirations of citizens is closely linked to persistent weaknesses in the labor markets where the pace of job creation has been chronically below levels required to absorb the growing and increasingly better educated population. Opportunities and life paths can diverge early in life if access to basic services in health, education, and infrastructure are unequally distributed among children in their formative years, and this book documents sharp disparities in the quality of services available to children of varying birth circumstances in the region. Although the most intense debates in development coalesce around inequality of income or wealth, the notion of inequality of opportunity has an intuitive appeal that can bridge ideological differences. By drawing attention to the notion of equality of opportunity to create a level playing field for all sections of society, "Uneven Odds, Unequal Outcomes: Inequality of Opportunity in the Middle East and North Africa" highlights the need to critically examine the social contract and governance structures that guide the delivery of services and are instrumental for implementing necessary reforms to make labor markets more dynamic and equitable. --
Book Synopsis Routledge Handbook of the Caucasus by : Galina M. Yemelianova
Download or read book Routledge Handbook of the Caucasus written by Galina M. Yemelianova and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-03-13 with total page 485 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of the Caucasus offers an integrated, multidisciplinary overview of the historical, ethno-linguistic, cultural, socio-economic and political complexities of the Caucasus. Covering both the North and South Caucasus, the book gathers together leading Western, Caucasian and Russian scholars of the region from different disciplines in the humanities and social sciences. Following a thorough introduction by the editors, the handbook is divided into six parts which combine thematic and chronological principles: Place, peoples and culture Political history The contemporary Caucasus: politics, economics and societies Conflict and political violence The Caucasus in the wider world Societal and cultural dynamics. This handbook will be an essential reference work for scholars interested in Russian and Eastern-European studies, Eurasian history and politics, and religious and Islamic studies.
Book Synopsis World Inequality Report 2022 by : Lucas Chancel
Download or read book World Inequality Report 2022 written by Lucas Chancel and published by Harvard University Press. This book was released on 2022-11 with total page 267 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: World Inequality Report 2022 is the most authoritative and comprehensive account of global trends in inequality, providing cutting-edge information about income and wealth inequality and also pioneering data about the history of inequality, gender inequality, environmental inequalities, and trends in international tax reform and redistribution.
