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Individual Versus Communal Autonomy
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Book Synopsis Individual Versus Communal Autonomy by : Alemayehu Biru Worku
Download or read book Individual Versus Communal Autonomy written by Alemayehu Biru Worku and published by Peter Lang Pub Incorporated. This book was released on 1997 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Rawls' A Theory of Justice is generally considered as the most commanding work of our century, for it is believed that it has awakened political philosophy from its long time slumber. The acclaim Rawls' work has won is indeed enormous even among its critics. For instance, Robert Nozick, whose disagreement with Rawls is quite profound, acknowledges the tribute that contemporary political philosophy owes to Rawls' theory of justice when he says "political philosophers now must either work within Rawls' theory or explain why not." While sharing this appraisal in a certain sense, this book attempts to explain why we should not agree with Rawls' theory of justice in general and his conception of pluralism, in particular, which it takes to be the central issue of Rawls' moral and political philosophy as a whole. The book is, however, not only critical but also rectifying in that it tries to provide an alternative perspective.
Book Synopsis Relational Autonomy by : Catriona Mackenzie
Download or read book Relational Autonomy written by Catriona Mackenzie and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-01-27 with total page 327 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This collection of original essays explores the social and relational dimensions of individual autonomy. Rejecting the feminist charge that autonomy is inherently masculinist, the contributors draw on feminist critiques of autonomy to challenge and enrich contemporary philosophical debates about agency, identity, and moral responsibility. The essays analyze the complex ways in which oppression can impair an agent's capacity for autonomy, and investigate connections, neglected by standard accounts, between autonomy and other aspects of the agent, including self-conception, self-worth, memory, and the imagination.
Book Synopsis Infinite Autonomy by : Jeffrey Church
Download or read book Infinite Autonomy written by Jeffrey Church and published by Penn State Press. This book was released on 2015-10-01 with total page 274 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: G. W. F. Hegel and Friedrich Nietzsche are often considered the philosophical antipodes of the nineteenth century. In Infinite Autonomy, Jeffrey Church draws on the thinking of both Hegel and Nietzsche to assess the modern Western defense of individuality—to consider whether we were right to reject the ancient model of community above the individual. The theoretical and practical implications of this project are important, because the proper defense of the individual allows for the survival of modern liberal institutions in the face of non-Western critics who value communal goals at the expense of individual rights. By drawing from Hegelian and Nietzschean ideas of autonomy, Church finds a third way for the individual—what he calls the “historical individual,” which goes beyond the disagreements of the ancients and the moderns while nonetheless incorporating their distinctive contributions.
Book Synopsis Socioemotional Development in Cultural Context by : Xinyin Chen
Download or read book Socioemotional Development in Cultural Context written by Xinyin Chen and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2011-08-03 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Filling a significant gap in the literature, this book examines the impact of culture on the social behaviors, emotions, and relationships of children around the world. It also explores cultural differences in what is seen as adaptive or maladaptive development. Eminent scholars discuss major theoretical perspectives on culture and development and present cutting-edge research findings. The volume addresses key aspects of socioemotional functioning, including emotional expressivity, parent–child and peer relationships, autonomy, self-regulation, intergroup attitudes, and aggression. Implications for culturally informed intervention and prevention are highlighted.
Book Synopsis The UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights by : H. ten Have
Download or read book The UNESCO Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights written by H. ten Have and published by UNESCO. This book was released on 2009-01-01 with total page 371 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In October 2005, UNESCO Member States adopted by acclamation the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights. For the first time in the history of bioethics, some 190 countries committed themselves and the international community to respect and apply fundamental ethical principles related to medicine, the life sciences and associated technologies. This publication provides a new impetus to the dissemination of the Declaration, and is part of the organisation's continuous effort to contribute to the understanding of its principles worldwide. The authors, who were almost all involved in the elaboration of the text of the Declaration, were asked to respond on each article: Why was it included? What does it mean? How can it be applied? Their responses shed light on the historical background of the text and its evolution throughout the drafting process. They also provide a reflection on its relevance to previous declarations and bioethical literature, and its potential interpretation and application in challenging and complex bioethical debates.
Book Synopsis Community, Autonomy and Informed Consent by : Pamela J. Lomelino
Download or read book Community, Autonomy and Informed Consent written by Pamela J. Lomelino and published by Cambridge Scholars Publishing. This book was released on 2015-02-05 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In using the example of informed consent guidelines for international research on human subjects, this book demonstrates one of the many useful ways that philosophy can be used to move from theory to praxis by providing a general picture of how a philosophical analysis of underlying concepts can affect the way that public policy is framed; the ways that such policies are exclusionary; and a general methodology for remedying injustices in public policy and practice once they have been identified. With diseases, such as AIDS, reaching epidemic proportions in less developed countries, medical research on human subjects in these areas is on the rise. Current international guidelines for research on human subjects stress the importance of informed consent, which is meant to ensure that people freely choose whether to participate in research trials. In an effort to be more globally applicable, many current international ethical guidelines for informed consent in research on human subjects attempt to incorporate community in the informed consent process. This book explains how these attempts encounter two primary problems: (1) they fail to adequately acknowledge the importance community has for many people in less developed countries; and (2) they fail to attend to the constraints to autonomy that oftentimes become magnified once community is involved in the informed consent process. The reason for these shortcomings can be traced to the current account of autonomy reflected in international informed consent guidelines, which is here referred to as the traditional account of autonomy. Although traditional autonomy can account for what this book defines as external constraints to autonomy, it is unequipped to recognize the internal constraints which arise in the medical context. In order to adequately recognize the importance of community in autonomy and to attend to internal constraints to autonomy, it is essential to adopt an account of relational autonomy. Using such a relational autonomy account, the book provides a set of minimally sufficient ethical conditions that can assist policy makers in revising international informed consent guidelines in research on human subjects, so that these guidelines better attend to community involvement in the informed consent process. To demonstrate how these conditions might be used, the book also presents examples of possible revisions to the CIOMS Ethical Guidelines, one of the leading international ethical guidelines for research on human subjects.
Book Synopsis The Oxford Handbook of Global Legal Pluralism by : Paul Schiff Berman
Download or read book The Oxford Handbook of Global Legal Pluralism written by Paul Schiff Berman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2020-06-01 with total page 944 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Over the past two decades Global Legal Pluralism has become one of the leading analytical frameworks for understanding and conceptualizing law in the 21st century. Wherever one looks, there is conflict among multiple legal regimes. Some of these regimes are state-based, some are built and maintained by non-state actors, some fall within the purview of local authorities and jurisdictional entities, and some involve international courts, tribunals, and arbitral bodies, and regulatory organizations. Global Legal Pluralism has provided, first and foremost, a set of useful analytical tools for describing this conflict among legal and quasi-legal systems. At the same time, some pluralists have also ventured in a more normative direction, suggesting that legal systems might sometimes purposely create legal procedures, institutions, and practices that encourage interaction among multiple communities. These scholars argue that pluralist approaches can help foster more shared participation in the practices of law, more dialogue across difference, and more respect for diversity without requiring assimilation and uniformity. Despite the veritable explosion of scholarly work on legal pluralism, conflicts of law, soft law, global constitutionalism, the relationships among relative authorities, transnational migration, and the fragmentation and reinforcement of territorial boundaries, no single work has sought to bring together these various scholarly strands, place them into dialogue with each other, or connect them with the foundational legal pluralism research produced by historians, anthropologists, and political theorists. Paul Schiff Berman, one of the world's leading theorists of Global Legal Pluralism, has gathered over 40 diverse authors from multiple countries and multiple scholarly disciplines to touch on nearly every area of legal pluralism research, offering defenses, critiques, and applications of legal pluralism to 21st-century legal analysis. Berman also provides introductions to every part of the book, helping to frame the various approaches and perspectives. The result is the first comprehensive review of Global Legal Pluralism scholarship ever produced. This book will be a must-have for scholars and students seeking to understand the insights of legal pluralism to contemporary debates about law. At the same time, this volume will help energize and engage the field of Global Legal Pluralism and push this scholarly trajectory forward into another two decades of innovation.
Book Synopsis How Patriotic is the Patriot Act? by : Amitai Etzioni
Download or read book How Patriotic is the Patriot Act? written by Amitai Etzioni and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2005-06-29 with total page 181 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this short book, Etzioni, the well-known and respected public intellectual and communitarian thinker, charts a middle course, or third way 'between those who are committed to shore up our liberties but blind to the needs of public security, as well as those who never met a right they are not willing to curtail to give authorities an even freer hand.' This book will prove a useful guide for citizens looking for a thought provoking, well-reasoned and sober analysis of one of the hot button issues of our time.
Book Synopsis Values in Medicine by : Donald Evans
Download or read book Values in Medicine written by Donald Evans and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2007-12-12 with total page 373 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Written by a leading proponent of the philosophy and ethics of healthcare, this volume is filled with thought-provoking and frequently controversial ideas and arguments. Accessibly written, it provides readers with a timely contribution to the current literature on medical ethics, in which the concept of subjectivity is a key issue characterizing current medical humanities. Examining the critical assumption that scientifically-demonstrable facts will remove all uncertainty, the author argues that ethical dimensions of clinical practice do not always arise from undisputed facts, but that they are sometimes to be found at the level of the determinations of the facts themselves. Firmly placing the patient back on centre stage, without underestimating the crucial role which science plays in modern medicine, this volume is an excellent account of ethics and science in healthcare and their proper place in assessing and meeting people’s health needs.
Book Synopsis Multiculturalism and the Foundations of Meaningful Life by : Andrew M. Robinson
Download or read book Multiculturalism and the Foundations of Meaningful Life written by Andrew M. Robinson and published by UBC Press. This book was released on 2011-01-01 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Theories of liberal multiculturalism seek to reconcile cultural rights with universal liberal principles. Some focus on individual autonomy; others emphasize communal identity. Andrew Robinson argues that liberal multiculturalism can be justified without privileging either. By appealing to the deeper value of meaningful life, he shows how autonomy and community are actually interdependent. He concludes by illustrating - with reference to national and ethnic minorities, indigenous peoples, and traditional communities - the policy principles that can be derived from this position. An innovative account of the theory and practice of liberal multiculturalism, Multiculturalism and the Foundations of Meaningful Life will interest students, scholars, activists and policy makers working in areas of political theory, multiculturalism, indigenous peoples, and ethnic and religious minorities.
Book Synopsis The Individual and Privacy by : Joseph A. Cannataci
Download or read book The Individual and Privacy written by Joseph A. Cannataci and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2016-12-05 with total page 626 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The essays selected for this volume reflect the many paths followed to develop a new, more robust methodology (idMAPPING) for investigating privacy. Each article deals with the three dimensions of time, space and place by addressing a number of questions such as: who? Which individual? When? How? Is privacy viewed from the perspective of legal theory, or of information science? Or from the viewpoint of sociology, social psychology, philosophy, information ethics or data protection law? The reader is offered a multi-disciplinary overview of the subject, a mosaic made up of several snapshots taken at different times by different scholars with different points of view. The detailed introduction increases clarity in parts of the picture where the way that the pieces fit together may not be immediately apparent, and concludes by challenging internet-era fallacies. Taken together, the articles demonstrate an innovative approach to evidence-based policy-making, and show privacy scholarship at its best.
Book Synopsis Personal Autonomy and Social Oppression by : Marina A.L. Oshana
Download or read book Personal Autonomy and Social Oppression written by Marina A.L. Oshana and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-11-13 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Personal Autonomy and Social Oppression addresses the impact of social conditions, especially subordinating conditions, on personal autonomy. The essays in this volume are concerned with the philosophical concept of autonomy or self-governance and with the impact on relational autonomy of the oppressive circumstances persons must navigate. They address on the one hand questions of the theoretical structure of personal autonomy given various kinds of social oppression, and on the other, how contexts of social oppression make autonomy difficult or impossible.
Book Synopsis British Multiculturalism and the Politics of Representation by : Lasse Thomassen
Download or read book British Multiculturalism and the Politics of Representation written by Lasse Thomassen and published by Edinburgh University Press. This book was released on 2017-03-08 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Uses poststructuralist theory to connect inclusion, exclusion and identity, using real-world case studies from British culture, politics and lawLasse Thomassen applies a fresh, poststructuralist approach to reconcile the theoretical and practical issues surrounding inclusion, exclusion and representation. He opens up debates and themes including Britishness, race, the nature and role of Islam in British society, homelessness and social justice. Thomassen argues that the politics of inclusion and identity should be viewed as struggles over how these identities are represented. He develops this argument through careful analysis of cases from the last four decades of British multiculturalism, including public debates about the role of religion in British society, Gordon Brown and David Cameron's contrasting versions of Britishness, legal cases about religious symbols and clothing in schools, and the Nick Hornby novel How to Be Good.
Book Synopsis Operative Rights by : Beth J. Singer
Download or read book Operative Rights written by Beth J. Singer and published by SUNY Press. This book was released on 1993-09-06 with total page 244 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book was written because none of the more traditional theories accurately portray the way rights, including individual rights, actually function. It develops a theory of rights that challenges the individualism of the human rights tradition and ascribes rights to collectivities as well as to individuals. Drawing in part on the thought of George Herbert Mead, Singer develops an analysis of rights as social institutions. Integral to this analysis is a theory of community and a related theory of the self that utilize insights derived from both Mead and Justus Buchler. Singer shows, on the one hand, how communities (ranging from small groups to ethnic minorities to nations) as well as individuals can have rights; and, on the other, why nonhuman animals cannot. Contending that rights exist only where they are actually operative within and among communities, she identifies fundamental rights that ought to be operative in and for every community. In addition to discussing aspects of major contemporary rights theories, Singer deals with current issues such as that of fetal rights and, with a variety of examples, the problem of conflicts of rights, including conflicts between the rights of communities and those of their members.
Book Synopsis Citizen and Self in Ancient Greece by : Vincent Farenga
Download or read book Citizen and Self in Ancient Greece written by Vincent Farenga and published by Cambridge University Press. This book was released on 2006-05-29 with total page 499 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This 2006 study examines how the ancient Greeks decided questions of justice as a key to understanding the intersection of our moral and political lives. Combining contemporary political philosophy with historical, literary and philosophical texts, it examines a series of remarkable individuals who performed 'scripts' of justice in early Iron Age, archaic and classical Greece. From the earlier periods, these include Homer's Achilles and Odysseus as heroic individuals who are also prototypical citizens, and Solon the lawgiver, writing the scripts of statute law and the jury trial. In democratic Athens, the focus turns to dialogues between a citizen's moral autonomy and political obligation in Aeschyleon tragedy, Pericles' citizenship paradigm, Antiphon's sophistic thought and forensic oratory, the political leadership of Alcibiades and Socrates' moral individualism.
Book Synopsis A Biblical History of Israel, Second Edition by : Iain Provan
Download or read book A Biblical History of Israel, Second Edition written by Iain Provan and published by Westminster John Knox Press. This book was released on 2015-10-23 with total page 550 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For over a decade, A Biblical History of Israel has gathered praise and criticism for its unapologetic approach to reconstructing the historical landscape of ancient Israel through a biblical lens. In this much-anticipated second edition, the authors reassert that the Old Testament should be taken seriously as a historical document alongside other literary and archaeological sources. Significantly revised and updated, A Biblical History of Israel, Second Edition includes the authors' direct response to critics. In part 1, the authors review scholarly approaches to the historiography of ancient Israel and negate arguments against using the Bible as a primary source. In part 2, they outline a history of ancient Israel from 2000 to 400 BCE by integrating both biblical and extrabiblical sources. The second edition includes updated archaeological data and new references. The text also provides seven maps and fourteen tables as useful references for students.
Book Synopsis Punishment, Communication, and Community by : R. A. Duff
Download or read book Punishment, Communication, and Community written by R. A. Duff and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2003-05-15 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The question "What can justify criminal punishment ?" becomes especially insistent at times, like our own, of penal crisis, when serious doubts are raised not only about the justice or efficacy of particular modes of punishment, but about the very legitimacy of the whole penal system. Recent theorizing about punishment offers a variety of answers to that question-answers that try to make plausible sense of the idea that punishment is justified as being deserved for past crimes; answers that try to identify some beneficial consequences in terms of which punishment might be justified; as well as abolitionist answers telling us that we should seek to abolish, rather than to justify, criminal punishment. This book begins with a critical survey of recent trends in penal theory, but goes on to develop an original account (based on Duff's earlier Trials and Punishments) of criminal punishment as a mode of moral communication, aimed at inducing repentance, reform, and reconciliation through reparation-an account that undercuts the traditional controversies between consequentialist and retributivist penal theories, and that shows how abolitionist concerns can properly be met by a system of communicative punishments. In developing this account, Duff articulates the "liberal communitarian" conception of political society (and of the role of the criminal law) on which it depends; he discusses the meaning and role of different modes of punishment, showing how they can constitute appropriate modes of moral communication between political community and its citizens; and he identifies the essential preconditions for the justice of punishment as thus conceived-preconditions whose non-satisfaction makes our own system of criminal punishment morally problematic. Punishment, Communication, and Community offers no easy answers, but provides a rich and ambitious ideal of what criminal punishment could be-an ideal of what criminal punishment cold be-and ideal that challenges existing penal theories as well as our existing penal theories as well as our existing penal practices.
