Indigenous Knowledge and Its Uses in Southern Africa

Download Indigenous Knowledge and Its Uses in Southern Africa PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : HSRC Press
ISBN 13 : 9780796916921
Total Pages : 174 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (169 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Indigenous Knowledge and Its Uses in Southern Africa by : Hans Normann

Download or read book Indigenous Knowledge and Its Uses in Southern Africa written by Hans Normann and published by HSRC Press. This book was released on 1996 with total page 174 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This is a publication of the Institute for Indigenous Theory and Practice and the HSRC Co-operative Programme: Affordable Social Provision. It consists mainly of the edited contributions to an indaba on indigenous knowledge and practice organized by the Institute for Indigenous Theory and Practice at the South African Museum, Cape Town, on 24 November 1994. While the HSRC values the opportunity to disseminate information on the very important research and services referred to in this publication, it does not necessarily agree with all the views expressed and the conclusions reached in the publication.

An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States

Download An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 0807000418
Total Pages : 312 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States by : Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz

Download or read book An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States written by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2014-09-16 with total page 312 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2015 Recipient of the American Book Award The first history of the United States told from the perspective of indigenous peoples Today in the United States, there are more than five hundred federally recognized Indigenous nations comprising nearly three million people, descendants of the fifteen million Native people who once inhabited this land. The centuries-long genocidal program of the US settler-colonial regimen has largely been omitted from history. Now, for the first time, acclaimed historian and activist Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz offers a history of the United States told from the perspective of Indigenous peoples and reveals how Native Americans, for centuries, actively resisted expansion of the US empire. In An Indigenous Peoples’ History of the United States, Dunbar-Ortiz adroitly challenges the founding myth of the United States and shows how policy against the Indigenous peoples was colonialist and designed to seize the territories of the original inhabitants, displacing or eliminating them. And as Dunbar-Ortiz reveals, this policy was praised in popular culture, through writers like James Fenimore Cooper and Walt Whitman, and in the highest offices of government and the military. Shockingly, as the genocidal policy reached its zenith under President Andrew Jackson, its ruthlessness was best articulated by US Army general Thomas S. Jesup, who, in 1836, wrote of the Seminoles: “The country can be rid of them only by exterminating them.” Spanning more than four hundred years, this classic bottom-up peoples’ history radically reframes US history and explodes the silences that have haunted our national narrative.

An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States for Young People

Download An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States for Young People PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Beacon Press
ISBN 13 : 0807049409
Total Pages : 311 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (7 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States for Young People by : Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz

Download or read book An Indigenous Peoples' History of the United States for Young People written by Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz and published by Beacon Press. This book was released on 2019-07-23 with total page 311 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 2020 American Indian Youth Literature Young Adult Honor Book 2020 Notable Social Studies Trade Books for Young People,selected by National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) and the Children’s Book Council 2019 Best-Of Lists: Best YA Nonfiction of 2019 (Kirkus Reviews) · Best Nonfiction of 2019 (School Library Journal) · Best Books for Teens (New York Public Library) · Best Informational Books for Older Readers (Chicago Public Library) Spanning more than 400 years, this classic bottom-up history examines the legacy of Indigenous peoples’ resistance, resilience, and steadfast fight against imperialism. Going beyond the story of America as a country “discovered” by a few brave men in the “New World,” Indigenous human rights advocate Roxanne Dunbar-Ortiz reveals the roles that settler colonialism and policies of American Indian genocide played in forming our national identity. The original academic text is fully adapted by renowned curriculum experts Debbie Reese and Jean Mendoza, for middle-grade and young adult readers to include discussion topics, archival images, original maps, recommendations for further reading, and other materials to encourage students, teachers, and general readers to think critically about their own place in history.

Anger and Indigenous Men

Download Anger and Indigenous Men PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Federation Press
ISBN 13 : 9781862876859
Total Pages : 308 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (768 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Anger and Indigenous Men by : Andrew Day

Download or read book Anger and Indigenous Men written by Andrew Day and published by Federation Press. This book was released on 2008 with total page 308 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is for social work and criminal justice practitioners who wish to develop culturally appropriate and effective programs for reducing anger-related violence perpetrated by Indigenous men. It places cultural context at the heart of any intervention, broadening the focus from problematic behaviour to a more holistic notion of well-being. The book is structured in three parts. Part 1 explores Indigenous perspectives on anger and violence, on both sociological and psychological levels. The different views presented show there is no single "cause" but provide contexts for understanding an individual's anger. Part 2 outlines methodologies and processes for collecting meaningful data on anger and Indigenous men. Part 3 presents ideas for developing and delivering anger management programs that meet the needs of Indigenous men: how to adapt existing programs in culturally appropriate ways specific needs of the staff delivering the programs a pedagogical framework and sample session plans, and future directions for program development and evaluationThe contributors include psychologists, counsellors, educationalists and academics from both Indigenous and non-Indigenous backgrounds.

Indigenous Intellectual Property

Download Indigenous Intellectual Property PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Edward Elgar Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1781955905
Total Pages : 753 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (819 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Indigenous Intellectual Property by : Matthew Rimmer

Download or read book Indigenous Intellectual Property written by Matthew Rimmer and published by Edward Elgar Publishing. This book was released on 2015-12-18 with total page 753 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Taking an interdisciplinary approach unmatched by any other book on this topic, this thoughtful Handbook considers the international struggle to provide for proper and just protection of Indigenous intellectual property (IP). In light of the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples 2007, expert contributors assess the legal and policy controversies over Indigenous knowledge in the fields of international law, copyright law, trademark law, patent law, trade secrets law, and cultural heritage. The overarching discussion examines national developments in Indigenous IP in the United States, Canada, South Africa, the European Union, Australia, New Zealand, and Indonesia. The Handbook provides a comprehensive overview of the historical origins of conflict over Indigenous knowledge, and examines new challenges to Indigenous IP from emerging developments in information technology, biotechnology, and climate change. Practitioners and scholars in the field of IP will learn a great deal from this Handbook about the issues and challenges that surround just protection of a variety of forms of IP for Indigenous communities.

OECD Rural Policy Reviews Linking Indigenous Communities with Regional Development in Canada

Download OECD Rural Policy Reviews Linking Indigenous Communities with Regional Development in Canada PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264581448
Total Pages : 374 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (645 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis OECD Rural Policy Reviews Linking Indigenous Communities with Regional Development in Canada by : OECD

Download or read book OECD Rural Policy Reviews Linking Indigenous Communities with Regional Development in Canada written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2020-01-21 with total page 374 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Canada’s Constitution Act (1982) recognises three Indigenous groups: Indians (now referred to as First Nations), Inuit, and Métis. Indigenous peoples make a vital contribution to the culture, heritage and economic development of Canada. Despite improvements in Indigenous well-being in recent decades, significant gaps remain with the non-Indigenous population. This study focuses on four priority issues to maximise the potential of Indigenous economies in Canada.

The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and Indigenous Peoples

Download The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and Indigenous Peoples PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1040086624
Total Pages : 497 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (4 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and Indigenous Peoples by : Richard Butler

Download or read book The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and Indigenous Peoples written by Richard Butler and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-08-30 with total page 497 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Routledge Handbook of Tourism and Indigenous Peoples presents an up-to-date, critical and comprehensive overview of established and emerging themes around Indigeneity and connections between Indigenous peoples and tourism development. Offering socio-cultural perspectives and multidisciplinary insights from leading Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars and tourism practitioners, the book explores contemporary issues, challenges and trends. Organised into six sections, the handbook explores Indigenous community involvement in tourism, Indigenous entrepreneurship and innovation, Indigenous tourism policies and politics, and the complexities of colonialism and decolonisation issues. This text focuses on the active role that Indigenous peoples have in the industry and uses international case studies and experiences to explore the global context of Indigenous tourism. This handbook fills a notable gap by offering a critical and detailed understanding of the role of Indigenous practitioners and societies in tourism and how they interact within the tourism nexus. It will be of interest to scholars, students, tourism practitioners and policymakers working in tourism, development studies, anthropology, human geography and sociology.

Indigenous Reconciliation and Decolonization

Download Indigenous Reconciliation and Decolonization PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1000336034
Total Pages : 285 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (3 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Indigenous Reconciliation and Decolonization by : Ranjan Datta

Download or read book Indigenous Reconciliation and Decolonization written by Ranjan Datta and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2020-12-29 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book addresses the ethical and practical issues at stake in the reconciliation of Indigenous and non-indigenous communities. An increasing number of researchers, educators, and social and environmental activists are eager to find ways to effectively support ongoing attempts to recognize, integrate and promote Indigenous perspectives and communities. Taking Canada as its focus, this book offers a multidisciplinary consideration of a range of reconciliation policies, practices and initiatives that are relevant in all settler states. Set against its increasing neoliberal appropriation, the book resituates reconciliation in the everyday contexts of community interaction and engagement, as well as in the important areas of Indigenous knowledge, resource management and social and environmental justice. Reconciliation is not just the responsibility of law and government. And, attuned to the different perspectives of settlers, migrants and refugee communities, the book examines areas of opportunity, as well as obstacles to progress, in the forging of a truly decolonizing framework for reconciliation. As the challenges of reconciliation cross numerous academic and substantial areas, this book will appeal to a range of scholars and practitioners working in law, politics, education, environmental studies, anthropology and Indigenous studies.

Indigenous Knowledge and Ethnomathematics

Download Indigenous Knowledge and Ethnomathematics PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030974820
Total Pages : 293 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (39 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Indigenous Knowledge and Ethnomathematics by : Eric Vandendriessche

Download or read book Indigenous Knowledge and Ethnomathematics written by Eric Vandendriessche and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2023-02-14 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The book presents a series of ethnographic studies, which illustrate issues of wider importance, such as the role of cultural traditions, concepts and learning procedures in the development of formal (or mathematical) thinking outside of the western tradition. It focuses on research at the crossroads of anthropology and ethnomathematics to document indigenous mathematical knowledge and its inclusion in specific cultural patterns. More generally, the book demonstrates the heuristic value of crossing ethnographical, anthropological and ethnomathematical approaches to highlight and analyze—or "formalize" with a pedagogical outlook—indigenous mathematical knowledge. The book is divided into three parts. The first part extensively analyzes theoretical claims using particular ethnographic data, while revealing the structural mathematical features of different ludic, graphic, or technical/procedural practices in their links to other cultural phenomena. In the second part, new empirical studies that add data and perspectives from the body of studies on indigenous knowledge systems to the ongoing discussions in mathematics education in and for diverse cultural traditions are presented. This part considers, on the one hand, the Brazilian work in this field; on the other hand, it brings ethnographic innovation from other parts of the world. The third part comprises a broad philosophical discussion of the impact of intuitive or "ontological" premises on mathematical thinking and education in the light of recent developments within so-called indigenously inspired thinking. Finally, the editors’ conclusions aim to invite the broad and diversified field of scholars in this domain of research to seek alternative approaches for understanding mathematical reasoning and the adjacent adequate educational goals and means. This book is of interest to scholars and students in anthropology, ethnomathematics, history and philosophy of science, mathematics, and mathematics education, as well as other individuals interested in these topics.

Indigenous Aspirations and Rights

Download Indigenous Aspirations and Rights PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Routledge
ISBN 13 : 1351270168
Total Pages : 190 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (512 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Indigenous Aspirations and Rights by : Amy Klemm Verbos

Download or read book Indigenous Aspirations and Rights written by Amy Klemm Verbos and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2017-07-20 with total page 190 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indigenous peoples are recognised as groups with specific rights based on their historical ties to particular territories. The United Nations estimates there are 370 million Indigenous peoples, with Indigenous populations being recognised in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United States, the Arctic region, Central and South America, and across Asia and Africa. Indigenous Aspirations and Rights takes an Indigenous perspective in examining the intersection of business with Indigenous peoples' rights, in light of the UN Global Compact and the PRME. Indigenous rights include, but are not limited to, human, cultural, educational, employment, participatory development, economic, and social rights, rights to land and natural resources, and impacts on identity, institutions, and relations. This book illustrates three main aspects of business practices in relation to Indigenous peoples: Indigenous perspectives on failures, business and ongoing challenges to Indigenous aspirations and rights, and modelling success for Indigenous and business interests. Edited by three leading voices in Indigenous rights research and practice, Indigenous Aspirations and Rights features contributions from around the globe. The work draws together policy implications for management and implications for Indigenous peoples, and examines how the PRME, the UN Global Compact, and the concept of socially responsible business can be expanded to encompass more positive outcomes for Indigenous peoples.

International Law and Indigenous Peoples

Download International Law and Indigenous Peoples PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : BRILL
ISBN 13 : 9047407326
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (474 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis International Law and Indigenous Peoples by : Joshua Castellino

Download or read book International Law and Indigenous Peoples written by Joshua Castellino and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2005-03-01 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume highlights those instances in the work of international organizations where advances have been made concerning indigenous rights. It also devotes attention to the Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues, to the Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination, and to a number of thematic issues in the field. The human rights situations facing indigenous peoples in Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, India, Kenya, Mexico, Nicaragua, Nigeria and South Africa are dealt with in separate chapters.

Indigenous Pathways, Transitions and Participation in Higher Education

Download Indigenous Pathways, Transitions and Participation in Higher Education PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9811040621
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (11 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Indigenous Pathways, Transitions and Participation in Higher Education by : Jack Frawley

Download or read book Indigenous Pathways, Transitions and Participation in Higher Education written by Jack Frawley and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-05-31 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book brings together contributions by researchers, scholars, policy-makers, practitioners, professionals and citizens who have an interest in or experience of Indigenous pathways and transitions into higher education. University is not for everyone, but a university should be for everyone. To a certain extent, the choice not to participate in higher education should be respected given that there are other avenues and reasons to participate in education and employment that are culturally, socially and/or economically important for society. Those who choose to pursue higher education should do so knowing that there are multiple pathways into higher education and, once there, appropriate support is provided for a successful transition. The book outlines the issues of social inclusion and equity in higher education, and the contributions draw on real-world experiences to reflect the different approaches and strategies currently being adopted. Focusing on research, program design, program evaluation, policy initiatives and experiential narrative accounts, the book critically discusses issues concerning widening participation.

African Indigenous Knowledge and the Sciences

Download African Indigenous Knowledge and the Sciences PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 9463005153
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (63 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis African Indigenous Knowledge and the Sciences by : Gloria Emeagwali

Download or read book African Indigenous Knowledge and the Sciences written by Gloria Emeagwali and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-07-08 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an intellectual journey into epistemology, pedagogy, physics, architecture, medicine and metallurgy. The focus is on various dimensions of African Indigenous Knowledge (AIK) with an emphasis on the sciences, an area that has been neglected in AIK discourse. The authors provide diverse views and perspectives on African indigenous scientific and technological knowledge that can benefit a wide spectrum of academics, scholars, students, development agents, and policy makers, in both governmental and non-governmental organizations, and enable critical and alternative analyses and possibilities for understanding science and technology in an African historical and contemporary context.

Critical Studies and the International Field of Indigenous Education Research

Download Critical Studies and the International Field of Indigenous Education Research PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Taylor & Francis
ISBN 13 : 1003856128
Total Pages : 143 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (38 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Critical Studies and the International Field of Indigenous Education Research by : Greg Vass

Download or read book Critical Studies and the International Field of Indigenous Education Research written by Greg Vass and published by Taylor & Francis. This book was released on 2024-02-15 with total page 143 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book focuses on three broad and intertwined concerns in Indigenous education across several settler-colonial settings such as Australia, New Zealand and Canada. Within these settler-colonial contexts, many Indigenous learners continue to be failed by education policies and practices, while teaching and learning – all too often concomitantly – reproduce and maintain deficit perspectives and expectations from those in the wider community towards Indigenous Peoples. The contributions presented in this book seek to interrupt this cycle in some way and share three broad and intertwined areas of focus: Holistic and more-than-human view of the world and knowledge making practices Critical engagement with the ongoing legacies of colonial institutions, practices and histories And efforts that seek to reveal and address social injustices, inequities and discrimination. The book highlights the work of scholars who are actively working to privilege Indigenous ways of working and/or recognising the resilience of Indigenous peoples in all aspects of education. Critical Studies and the International Field of Indigenous Education Research offers inspiration, hope and practices to learn from and with. In doing so, a wider community of researchers and professionals can draw on the ideas and strategies to help inform their efforts within the settings they work and live. This book was originally published as a special issue of Critical Studies in Education.

Indigenous Motherhood in the Academy

Download Indigenous Motherhood in the Academy PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Rutgers University Press
ISBN 13 : 1978816391
Total Pages : 203 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (788 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Indigenous Motherhood in the Academy by : Robin Zape-tah-hol-ah Minthorn

Download or read book Indigenous Motherhood in the Academy written by Robin Zape-tah-hol-ah Minthorn and published by Rutgers University Press. This book was released on 2022-08-19 with total page 203 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Indigenous Motherhood in the Academy highlights the experiences and narratives emerging from Indigenous mothers in the academy who are negotiating their roles in multiple contexts. The essays in this volume contribute to the broader higher education literature and the literature on Indigenous representation in the academy, filling a longtime gap that has excluded Indigenous women scholar voices. This book covers diverse topics such as the journey to motherhood, lessons through motherhood, acknowledging ancestors and grandparents in one’s mothering, how historical trauma and violence plague the past, and balancing mothering through the healing process. More specific to Indigenous motherhood in the academy is how culture and place impacts mothering (specifically, if Indigenous mothers are not in their traditional homelands as they raise their children), how academia impacts mothering, how mothering impacts scholarship, and how to negotiate loss and other complexities between motherhood and one’s role in the academy.

Indigenous Peoples and Climate Justice

Download Indigenous Peoples and Climate Justice PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3031095081
Total Pages : 435 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Indigenous Peoples and Climate Justice by : Giada Giacomini

Download or read book Indigenous Peoples and Climate Justice written by Giada Giacomini and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2022-10-10 with total page 435 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ​This book provides a new interpretation of international law specifically dedicated to Indigenous peoples in the context of a climate justice approach. The book presents a critical analysis of past and current developments at the intersection of human rights and international environmental law and governance. The book suggests new ways forward and demonstrates the need for a paradigmatic shift that would enhance the meaningful participation of Indigenous peoples as fundamental actors in the conservation of biodiversity and in the fight against climate change. The book offers guidance on a number of critical intersecting and interdependent issues at the forefront of climate change law and policy – inside and outside of the UN climate change regime. The author suggests that the adoption of a critical perspective on international law is needed in order to highlight inherent structural and systemic issues of the international law regime which are all issues that ultimately impede the pursue of climate justice for Indigenous peoples.

Minority and Indigenous Trends 2022: Focus on Work

Download Minority and Indigenous Trends 2022: Focus on Work PDF Online Free

Author :
Publisher : Minority Rights Group
ISBN 13 : 1912938413
Total Pages : 212 pages
Book Rating : 4.9/5 (129 download)

DOWNLOAD NOW!


Book Synopsis Minority and Indigenous Trends 2022: Focus on Work by : Edited by Peter Grant

Download or read book Minority and Indigenous Trends 2022: Focus on Work written by Edited by Peter Grant and published by Minority Rights Group. This book was released on 2022-06-15 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Work is central to a whole host of other rights, providing the basis for a safe, healthy and dignified existence. For members of minorities, indigenous peoples and other marginalized groups such as migrants, however, it is all too often an arena of discrimination, abuse and exploitation. From poor pay and dangerous working conditions to a lack of basic labour protections and barriers to promotion, the challenges they face are wide ranging and often entangled in other areas of inequality, such as access to education. This volume brings together thematic chapters and case studies that explore different dimensions of work-related exclusion, from the legacy of colonialism in today’s economy to the persistence of slavery and caste-based discrimination. While abuse and exploitation are often rooted in specific local histories and social contexts, the increasingly interlinked nature of globalization has meant that companies, governments and consumers are now complicit in forced labour and other rights violations taking place elsewhere. A truly fair and inclusive labour market would deliver a wide range of economic and societal benefits, creating opportunities for marginalized workers to participate fully in the formal economy with the same rights, protections and support as those enjoyed by others, guaranteed by international law. Beyond this, however, it has the potential to deliver lasting change to the situation of minorities, indigenous peoples and migrants worldwide, ensuring they receive a proper share of any economic gains in their countries and can participate fully in public life.