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Indicators For Waterborne Pathogens
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Book Synopsis Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens by : National Research Council
Download or read book Indicators for Waterborne Pathogens written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-06-19 with total page 329 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent and forecasted advances in microbiology, molecular biology, and analytical chemistry have made it timely to reassess the current paradigm of relying predominantly or exclusively on traditional bacterial indicators for all types of waterborne pathogens. Nonetheless, indicator approaches will still be required for the foreseeable future because it is not practical or feasible to monitor for the complete spectrum of microorganisms that may occur in water, and many known pathogens are difficult to detect directly and reliably in water samples. This comprehensive report recommends the development and use of a "tool box" approach by the U.S Environmental Protection Agency and others for assessing microbial water quality in which available indicator organisms (and/or pathogens in some cases) and detection method(s) are matched to the requirements of a particular application. The report further recommends the use of a phased, three-level monitoring framework to support the selection of indicators and indicator approaches.Â
Book Synopsis Bacterial Indicators/health Hazards Associated with Water by : A. W. Hoadley
Download or read book Bacterial Indicators/health Hazards Associated with Water written by A. W. Hoadley and published by ASTM International. This book was released on 1977 with total page 366 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reduction of Pathogens, Indicator Bacteria, and Alternative Indicators by Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation Processes by : Joan B. Rose
Download or read book Reduction of Pathogens, Indicator Bacteria, and Alternative Indicators by Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation Processes written by Joan B. Rose and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2005-04-30 with total page 90 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In wastewater reclamation systems, microbiological monitoring is conducted to ensure that the users of reclaimed water are exposed to minimal risks from exposure to pathogens. Typically, utilities rely on the use of process controls to remove or inactivate pathogens. Routine monitoring of indicator organisms is conducted to evaluate overall process performance and for regulatory compliance. However, the effectiveness of individual treatment processes for removal of pathogens is dependent on process variables. This project was conducted to compare the effectiveness of biological treatment, filtration, and disinfection for removal of bacterial and viral indicators, enteric viruses, and protozoan pathogens. Six full-scale treatment facilities were each sampled a minimum of four times over a one year period. The relative impacts of loading conditions, process design, and operating parameters on the removal/inactivation of a suite of nine microbial species (bacteria, coliphages, enteric viruses, and protozoan pathogens) was evaluated. Bacterial removal was consistent for all types of biological systems, however, increased virus removal was associated with biological nutrient removal and nitrification processes. Parasite removal was highly variable. The effectiveness of filtration was impacted most by the use of upstream chemicals (either chlorine or coagulant chemicals). Chlorine disinfection was more effective in cases where ammonia levels were low (biological nutrient removal or nitrification facilities). Infectivity assays for protozoan pathogens suggest that the proportion of infective cysts or oocysts increases with increasing level of treatment.
Book Synopsis Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases by :
Download or read book Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases written by and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2013-11-08 with total page 719 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The second edition of Microbiology of Waterborne Diseases describes the diseases associated with water, their causative agents and the ways in which they gain access to water systems. The book is divided into sections covering bacteria, protozoa, and viruses. Other sections detail methods for detecting and identifying waterborne microorganisms, and the ways in which they are removed from water, including chlorine, ozone, and ultraviolet disinfection. The second edition of this handbook has been updated with information on biofilms and antimicrobial resistance. The impact of global warming and climate change phenomena on waterborne illnesses are also discussed. This book serves as an indispensable reference for public health microbiologists, water utility scientists, research water pollution microbiologists environmental health officers, consultants in communicable disease control and microbial water pollution students. Focuses on the microorganisms of most significance to public health, including E. coli, cryptosporidium, and enterovirus Highlights the basic microbiology, clinical features, survival in the environment, and gives a risk assessment for each pathogen Contains new material on antimicrobial resistance and biofilms Covers drinking water and both marine and freshwater recreational bathing waters
Book Synopsis The Coliform Index and Waterborne Disease by : Cara Gleeson
Download or read book The Coliform Index and Waterborne Disease written by Cara Gleeson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 1996-12-05 with total page 208 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the past decade there has been a rapid increase in waterborne outbreaks of disease associated with viral and protozoan agents, normally in drinking waters that were found to be microbially safe using the Coliform Index.For nearly a quarter of a century indicator organisms, in particular the coliform group, have been used to ensure the microbial
Book Synopsis Water Quality and Health Significance of Bacterial Indicators of Pollution by : Wesley O. Pipes
Download or read book Water Quality and Health Significance of Bacterial Indicators of Pollution written by Wesley O. Pipes and published by . This book was released on 1978 with total page 240 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Water Quality Criteria for Microbiological Indicators by : P. D. (Patrick Douglas) Warrington
Download or read book Water Quality Criteria for Microbiological Indicators written by P. D. (Patrick Douglas) Warrington and published by Water Management Division. This book was released on 1988-01-01 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effective Cross-Border Monitoring Systems for Waterborne Microbial Pathogens by : Joan B. Rose
Download or read book Effective Cross-Border Monitoring Systems for Waterborne Microbial Pathogens written by Joan B. Rose and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2008-05-14 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides a real-world analysis of how to quantify and prioritize water-based microbial threats to human health, how to design data collection systems that truly support management decisions, and how to build a comprehensive monitoring program when dealing with cross-boundary issues. International borders and cross-boundary issues complicate water resource management. Even if nations or jurisdictions agree on the nature and source of the problem, differing legal frameworks complicate cross-border management, as the procedural steps and time necessary to implement a solution vary among entities. Waterborne pathogens transcend political boundaries and challenge the use of traditional political jurisdictions in meeting public policy objectives to protect human health. Disease outbreaks caused by waterborne pathogens continue to occur, even in the developed world. There has been a pronounced trend toward new and increasingly complex institutions and policies to address regional water quality management issues. However, many questions continue to arise regarding the effective management of regional resources. These questions include how to design effective monitoring strategies and what can be learned from previous successes and failures. The Laurentian Great Lakes offers a model system for exploring these questions. This book will be a valuable reference source for researchers and graduate students working in environmental science, microbiology, engineering, and biological sciences, as well as all those concerned with water quality monitoring programs.
Book Synopsis Microbial Waterborne Pathogens by : Thomas E. Cloete
Download or read book Microbial Waterborne Pathogens written by Thomas E. Cloete and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-08-31 with total page 245 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the developed world, the connection between water, hygiene and health is taken for granted. However, for the less fortunate majority, access to potable water is non-existent and remains a daily struggle. Bacteria, viruses and parasites in contaminated water cause water borne disease. Of concern are the so-called new emerging pathogens, contributing to water borne disease, one of the biggest human tragedies, killing more than 5 million people each year. About 2.3 billion people suffer from diseases linked to contaminated water and some 6,000 people die daily as a result of this. Some 60% of all infant mortality worldwide is linked to water-related infectious and parasitic diseases. Treating water before use can eliminate most of these waterborne pathogens. The essential starting point is knowledge of the disease-causing organisms, the detection techniques, and the epidemiology, which is the focus of this book. Microbial Waterborne Pathogens provides up-to-date coverage of waterborne microbial pathogens including traditional and emerging pathogens and the latest molecular detection techniques. The link between climate and disease is covered in the book and indicates future approaches to dealing with this important area as we face the effects of global climate change All the existing and emerging pathogens including bacteria, viruses and protozoa are reviewed. The characteristics of each organism are discussed in detail as well as their epidemiology. Methods for the detection of these pathogens, traditional and new are presented. Microbial Waterborne Pathogens provides students, academics and practitioners with a complete reference book on the microbiological quality and safety of potable water.
Book Synopsis BACTERIAL INDICATORS OF POLLUTION by : Wesley O. Pipes
Download or read book BACTERIAL INDICATORS OF POLLUTION written by Wesley O. Pipes and published by Springer. This book was released on 1982-04-05 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Waterborne Pathogens by : Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad
Download or read book Waterborne Pathogens written by Majeti Narasimha Vara Prasad and published by Butterworth-Heinemann. This book was released on 2020-02-07 with total page 530 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waterborne Pathogens: Detection and Treatment delivers the tools and techniques on how to identify these contaminates and apply the most effective technology for their removal and treatment. Written for researchers and practicing professionals, the book starts with a brief, but readable, review of ubiquitous waterborne pathogens (primarily viruses, bacterial and parasitic protozoa). This coverage is followed by an in-depth discussion of the latest detection and treatment technologies, ranging from Biosensors, to Nanoconjugates, Membrane Based Technologies and Nanotechnology Treatment. Engineers and scientist will find this to be a valuable reference on cutting-edge techniques for suppling safe drinking water across the globe. Explains the latest research on detection, treatment processes and remediation technologies Includes sampling, analytical and characterization methods and approaches Covers cutting-edge research, including Membrane Based Technologies, Nanotechnology Treatment Technologies and Bioremediation Treatment Technologies Provides background information regarding contamination sources
Book Synopsis Waterborne Pathogens, 2nd Ed. (M48) by : AWWA Staff
Download or read book Waterborne Pathogens, 2nd Ed. (M48) written by AWWA Staff and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2011-01-12 with total page 352 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Significance of Faecal Indicators in Water by : David Kay
Download or read book The Significance of Faecal Indicators in Water written by David Kay and published by Royal Society of Chemistry. This book was released on 2012-03-28 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the proceedings of the conference Faecal Indicators: problem or solution? Has technical progress reduced the need for faecal indicators? held on 6th to 8th June 2011 at Edinburgh Conference Centre, Heriot Watt University, UK. It addresses existing and emerging issues in environmental microbiology which in turn offer exciting new challenges in microbiology, public health and environmental science. The ultimate aim being to assist the monitoring and modelling of environmental systems to protect human health, animal welfare and environmental quality. With contributions from leading scientists and experts in academia and industry, it offers a truly international perspective on both current research and our ability to respond with useful and sustainable solutions to many of the emerging challenges of today's modern communities. The conference featured two combative, provocative and engaging debates examining the moral issues behind the statements "What is a coliform and are coliforms relevant to public health?" and "Do regulations help or hinder the innovation in testing methods?". The reports of these questions are captured in the book. The book appeals across the board from those working in universities and research institutes to local governments, the water and food industries, and health professionals.
Book Synopsis Evaluation of the Microbiology Standards for Drinking Water by : Charles W. Hendricks
Download or read book Evaluation of the Microbiology Standards for Drinking Water written by Charles W. Hendricks and published by . This book was released on 1979 with total page 262 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Waterborne Pathogens by : American Water Works Association
Download or read book Waterborne Pathogens written by American Water Works Association and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 1999 with total page 310 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This addition to the AWWA Manual Library was developed to provide critical information regarding waterborne viral, bacterial, and parasitic pathogens. Readers learn how to assess current levels of contaminants in source water, contain them and then optimize treatment programs.
Book Synopsis Development of a Protocol for Risk Assessment of Microorganisms in Separate Stormwater Systems by : A. W. Olivieri
Download or read book Development of a Protocol for Risk Assessment of Microorganisms in Separate Stormwater Systems written by A. W. Olivieri and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2007-09-30 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Recent research has shown that the concentrations of microbial indicator organisms (e.g., fecal coliforms) in stormwater may be quite high. However, studies have not clearly established relationships between the concentrations of indicator organisms and microbial pathogens in stormwater, or between stormwater indicator organism concentrations and illness. Thus, it is difficult to interpret indicator data collected by local public agencies in the context of potential risk to human health. The primary objective of this investigation was to generate guidance to enable more accurate and defensible evaluations of stormwater microorganism data and the associated risks to human health from exposure to microbial pathogens in stormwater. The investigation consisted of three major tasks: reviewing and summarizing relevant published literature, conducting a web-based data questionnaire and developing a science-directed data collection plan. Topics discussed include: 1) waterborne pathogens that pose the greatest risk to human health, 2) concentrations of pathogens and indicator organisms observed in stormwater, 3) defensible relations between indicator organisms and pathogens of public health concern in stormwater, 4) the environmental fate of pathogens and indicator organisms in stormwater, 5) the use of microbial source tracking (MST) techniques to identify sources of fecal contamination, and 6) the effectiveness of stormwater microorganism control technologies and associated costs. Additionally, recommended next steps needed to enable defensible evaluations of stormwater microorganism data and the associated risk to human health from exposure to stormwater are presented. Next steps include the development of interim guidance for management prioritization, pathogens enumeration method development, and pilot and nation-wide data collection programs.
Book Synopsis Waterborne Pathogens by : Helen Bridle
Download or read book Waterborne Pathogens written by Helen Bridle and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2020-10-06 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Waterborne Pathogens: Detection Methods and Applications, Second Edition, gives an overview of advanced and emerging technologies in the detection of a range of waterborne pathogens. In addition, the book presents existing methodologies, highlights where improvements can be made, includes applications, and touches on the ways in which new technologies can be applied in water management. Finally, the book addresses issues of sample preparation (from sampling, to concentration and enrichment), a key stage in any detection protocol. Gives an overview of advanced emerging technologies in the detection of a range of waterborne pathogens Ensures the latest research developments, along with other changes in the sector, e.g., regulations and approaches are current Provides an overview of the existing approaches and key challenges before discussing sample processing and detection Presents existing methodologies and highlights where improvements can be made
