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Author : Vincent Hildebrand
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (769 download)
Download or read book Income Inequality and Self-rated Health Status written by Vincent Hildebrand and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309452961
Total Pages : 583 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (94 download)
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Author : Christina M. Heiden
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (858 download)
Download or read book Rising Income Inequality and the Socioeconomic Gradient in Self-rated Health written by Christina M. Heiden and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This study explores the relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health, and examines how that relationship may be affected in the context of rising income inequality. Using General Social Survey (GSS) data from 1975 to 2010 to perform a series of logistic regressions, this study examines the relationship between health and three common measures of socioeconomic status -- household income, education, and occupational prestige -- to determine if all three measures of SES are significantly associated with self-rated health when controlling for socio-demographic variables. Full model odds ratios are plotted by year to provide a visual illustration of the change in the association from 1975 to 2010, in the context of a significant increase in U.S. income inequality. Next, year interaction effects are considered for each SES measure to determine if there is a significant difference in the effect from the base year of 1975. The study provides two major findings. First, household income and education are significantly associated with self-rated health across all years, but occupational prestige is not a significant predictor of self-rated health when controlling for household income and education. And secondly, there is no overall clear pattern in the change in the effect of household income, education, or occupational prestige throughout all years of the study. However, the interaction effects, when compared to the base year of 1975, demonstrate a significant difference in the effect of income for some years between 1977 and 1991 and in the effect of education for some years between 1990 and 2006.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309165865
Total Pages : 184 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Understanding Racial and Ethnic Differences in Health in Late Life written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2004-09-08 with total page 184 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the population of older Americans grows, it is becoming more racially and ethnically diverse. Differences in health by racial and ethnic status could be increasingly consequential for health policy and programs. Such differences are not simply a matter of education or ability to pay for health care. For instance, Asian Americans and Hispanics appear to be in better health, on a number of indicators, than White Americans, despite, on average, lower socioeconomic status. The reasons are complex, including possible roles for such factors as selective migration, risk behaviors, exposure to various stressors, patient attitudes, and geographic variation in health care. This volume, produced by a multidisciplinary panel, considers such possible explanations for racial and ethnic health differentials within an integrated framework. It provides a concise summary of available research and lays out a research agenda to address the many uncertainties in current knowledge. It recommends, for instance, looking at health differentials across the life course and deciphering the links between factors presumably producing differentials and biopsychosocial mechanisms that lead to impaired health.
Author :
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (137 download)
Download or read book Income inequality and self-rated health status written by and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This argument is embodied in Wilkinson s (1996) controversial income inequality hypothesis (IIH) which posits that the primary determinant of di¤erences in health performance among developed countries is the extent of di¤erences in the disparity between the incomes of the rich and the poor within countries rather than di¤erences in income levels.1 Recent studies have however cast doubts on the ro [...] By contrast, according to the relative income hypothesis, an individual s health is not so much a¤ected by his absolute level of income than by his level of income 3 relative to the average income in his reference community.6 Our empirical strategy follows and extends the framework of Mellor and Milyo (2002) to take advantage of the longitudinal nature of the ECHP data. [...] NUTS-0 is the country level and NUTS-1 is the rst level of aggregation below the country level.7 Since the health- inequality relationship has been reported to be sensitive to the way inequality is measured, we test the sensitivity of our results to a set of ve measures of inequality. [...] The public-use database is derived from the data collected in each of the Member States and is created, maintained and centrally distrib- uted by Eurostat.9 The attractive feature of the ECHP data for the purpose of 6 this study is that it provides individual-level data on income and demographics including individual health which are comparable across countries and over time. [...] In order to assess the sensitivity of our results to the choice of an inequality measure, we estimated a series of ve measures: the Gini coe¢ cient, two General- ized Entropy measures (the Theil index and the Mean Log-deviation index), the coe¢ cient of variation, and the ratio of the 90th and 10th percentiles.
Author : Ichiro Kawachi
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 0387713107
Total Pages : 295 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (877 download)
Download or read book Social Capital and Health written by Ichiro Kawachi and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008 with total page 295 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As interest in social capital has grown over the past decade—particularly in public health —so has the lack of consensus on exactly what it is and what makes it worth studying. Ichiro Kawachi, a widely respected leader in the field, and 21 contributors (including physicians, economists, and public health experts) discuss the theoretical origins of social capital, the strengths and limitations of current methodologies of measuring it, and salient examples of social capital concepts informing public health practice. Among the highlights: Measurement methods: survey, sociometric, ethnographic, experimental The relationship between social capital and physical health and health behaviors: smoking, substance abuse, physical activity, sexual activity Social capital and mental health: early findings Social capital and the aging community Social capital and disaster preparedness Social Capital and Health is certain to inspire a new generation of research on this topic, and will be of interest to researchers and advanced students in public health, health behavior, and social epidemiology.
Author : Lisa F. Berkman
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 9780195083316
Total Pages : 428 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (833 download)
Download or read book Social Epidemiology written by Lisa F. Berkman and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2000-03-09 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book shows the important links between social conditions and health and begins to describe the processes through which these health inequalities may be generated. It reviews a range of methodologies that could be used by health researchers in this field and proposes innovative future research directions.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309072964
Total Pages : 225 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (9 download)
Download or read book New Horizons in Health written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2001-03-09 with total page 225 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: New Horizons in Health discusses how the National Institutes of Health (NIH) can integrate research in the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences to better understand the causes of disease as well as interventions that promote health. It outlines a set of research priorities for consideration by the Office of Behavioral and Social Sciences Research (OBSSR), with particular attention to research that can support and complement the work of the National Institutes of Health. By addressing the range of interactions among social settings, behavioral patterns, and important health concerns, it highlights areas of scientific opportunity where significant investment is most likely to improve nationalâ€"and globalâ€"health outcomes. These opportunities will apply the knowledge and methods of the behavioral and social sciences to contemporary health needs, and give attention to the chief health concerns of the general public.
Author : National Research Council
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309217105
Total Pages : 200 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (92 download)
Download or read book Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-06-27 with total page 200 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the last 25 years, life expectancy at age 50 in the United States has been rising, but at a slower pace than in many other high-income countries, such as Japan and Australia. This difference is particularly notable given that the United States spends more on health care than any other nation. Concerned about this divergence, the National Institute on Aging asked the National Research Council to examine evidence on its possible causes. According to Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries, the nation's history of heavy smoking is a major reason why lifespans in the United States fall short of those in many other high-income nations. Evidence suggests that current obesity levels play a substantial part as well. The book reports that lack of universal access to health care in the U.S. also has increased mortality and reduced life expectancy, though this is a less significant factor for those over age 65 because of Medicare access. For the main causes of death at older ages-cancer and cardiovascular disease-available indicators do not suggest that the U.S. health care system is failing to prevent deaths that would be averted elsewhere. In fact, cancer detection and survival appear to be better in the U.S. than in most other high-income nations, and survival rates following a heart attack also are favorable. Explaining Divergent Levels of Longevity in High-Income Countries identifies many gaps in research. For instance, while lung cancer deaths are a reliable marker of the damage from smoking, no clear-cut marker exists for obesity, physical inactivity, social integration, or other risks considered in this book. Moreover, evaluation of these risk factors is based on observational studies, which-unlike randomized controlled trials-are subject to many biases.
Author : OECD
Publisher : OECD Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9264191658
Total Pages : 270 pages
Book Rating : 4.2/5 (641 download)
Download or read book OECD Guidelines on Measuring Subjective Well-being written by OECD and published by OECD Publishing. This book was released on 2013-03-20 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: These Guidelines represent the first attempt to provide international recommendations on collecting, publishing, and analysing subjective well-being data.
Author : Hynek Pikhart
Publisher : Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN 13 : 1461508398
Total Pages : 248 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (615 download)
Download or read book Social and Psychosocial Determinants of Self-Rated Health in Central and Eastern Europe written by Hynek Pikhart and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 248 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Life expectancy in countries of Central and Eastern Europe is substantially shorter than in Western Europe, and a similar divide exists in self-rated health. This exhaustive study of populations in seven Central and European countries - Russia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland, Czech Republic and Hungary - examines the social and psychosocial determinants of this divide. Practitioners and graduate students of public health and social psychology will find this an invaluable resource.
Author : Nick Eberstadt
Publisher : American Enterprise Institute
ISBN 13 : 9780844771694
Total Pages : 60 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (716 download)
Download or read book Health and the Income Inequality Hypothesis written by Nick Eberstadt and published by American Enterprise Institute. This book was released on 2004 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Few would take exception to the proposition that an improvement in the material well-being of the poor would enhance not only their living standards but their health as well. A number of influential recent studies, however, purport to show that inequality in income -- not poverty per se -- is bad for people's health. This "inequality hypothesis" is meant to apply to everyone, regardless of wealth or social standing, and predicts that the risk of illness depends upon whether one lives in a society that is stratified or egalitarian. Thus, according to this hypothesis, while the poor may suffer the most from inequality, the better off and even the rich suffer as well. The enthusiasm many researchers and observers feel for this theory goes well beyond what might be justified by the evidence. The inequality hypothesis too often relies upon limited or unrepresentative data, hazily expounded causality, elementary econometric fallacies, and results that cannot be replicated. A very persuasive (although less publicly heralded) body of scholarship that challenges the inequality hypothesis is currently emerging. For example, by controlling for relevant variables -- such as household income, maternal characteristics, education, and race -- the relationship between income inequality and the health of infants and adults diminishes or disappears completely. This strongly suggests that income distribution is far less powerful a determinant of population health than the inequality hypothesis holds. Book jacket.
Author : Philip Keefer
Publisher : World Bank Publications
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 44 pages
Book Rating : 4./5 ( download)
Download or read book Polarization, Politics, and Property Rights written by Philip Keefer and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2000 with total page 44 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One strand of research argues that polarized societies find it difficult to reach political consensus on appropriate responses to crises. Another strand focuses on redistribution, asking whether income inequality stifles growth by increasing political incentives to redistribute. Which is right?
Author : Toshiaki Tachibanaki
Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9780262513456
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.5/5 (134 download)
Download or read book Confronting Income Inequality in Japan written by Toshiaki Tachibanaki and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A leading Japanese economist analyzes Japan's trend toward greater inequality of income and wealth distribution and makes policy recommendations for countering it. Contrary to general belief, and to Japan's own self-image, inequality of income and wealth distribution in Japan has grown in the past two decades. In this well-written and accessible book, Toshiaki Tachibanaki analyzes the movement toward more income inequality in Japan and offers policy recommendations to counter the trend. Tachibanaki, Japan's leading expert on income distribution, draws on new statistical data covering wealth, inheritance, farm and business holdings, salary, and other relevant factors, to demonstrate that Japan can no longer be thought of as a "90 percent middle-class society." The book, updated and substantially expanded from Tachibanaki's 1998 Japanese bestseller, discusses the history and the causes of Japan's increasing income inequality and analyzes the effect on wealth distribution of intergenerational transfer. Employing cross-national comparisons to the United States and Europe throughout, Confronting Income Inequality in Japan examines the contrast between equality of opportunity and equality of outcome, evaluates equality of opportunity in terms of education and occupation, analyzes the relationship between income distribution and income growth, discusses the role of hierarchical positions in organizations, and considers the differences between welfare states and nonwelfare states. Concluding with policy recommendations, Tachibanaki argues against the belief of some economists that greater inequality is unavoidable if Japan is to achieve a strong economic recovery.
Author : Roger Detels
Publisher : Oxford University Press
ISBN 13 : 019881013X
Total Pages : 1717 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (988 download)
Download or read book Oxford Textbook of Global Public Health written by Roger Detels and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2017 with total page 1717 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sixth edition of the hugely successful, internationally recognised textbook on global public health and epidemiology, with 3 volumes comprehensively covering the scope, methods, and practice of the discipline
Author : Institute of Medicine
Publisher : National Academies Press
ISBN 13 : 0309133181
Total Pages : 536 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2003-02-01 with total page 536 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The anthrax incidents following the 9/11 terrorist attacks put the spotlight on the nation's public health agencies, placing it under an unprecedented scrutiny that added new dimensions to the complex issues considered in this report. The Future of the Public's Health in the 21st Century reaffirms the vision of Healthy People 2010, and outlines a systems approach to assuring the nation's health in practice, research, and policy. This approach focuses on joining the unique resources and perspectives of diverse sectors and entities and challenges these groups to work in a concerted, strategic way to promote and protect the public's health. Focusing on diverse partnerships as the framework for public health, the book discusses: The need for a shift from an individual to a population-based approach in practice, research, policy, and community engagement. The status of the governmental public health infrastructure and what needs to be improved, including its interface with the health care delivery system. The roles nongovernment actors, such as academia, business, local communities and the media can play in creating a healthy nation. Providing an accessible analysis, this book will be important to public health policy-makers and practitioners, business and community leaders, health advocates, educators and journalists.
Author : James Allen Auerbach
Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 180 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (91 download)
Download or read book Income, Socioeconomic Status, and Health written by James Allen Auerbach and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprises 13 papers which explore research on the relationships between socioeconomic status and health. Shows how income inequality affects health, discusses policy options and identifies areas for additional research.
