Improving Performance in Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (142 download)

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Book Synopsis Improving Performance in Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells by : Geethika Kaushalya Liyanage

Download or read book Improving Performance in Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells written by Geethika Kaushalya Liyanage and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycrystalline Cadmium Telluride has been developed to be one of the most commercially successful materials for photovoltaic module production with power conversion efficiencies over 21% for research cells to over 18% for module efficiencies. However, little is known about these record devices architecture or the processing methods. Following conventional understanding of a CdTe solar cell operation, researchers have put extensive efforts over the years to improve the CdTe device performance through improved material quality and diode quality. While this have gained some benefit, performance limiting factors to these devices remains unchanged. Deviating from conventional concepts, better understanding of the device physics is needed in order to further improve these devices. This dissertation focusses on identifying these loss mechanisms and setting guidelines to fabricating high efficiency CdTe devices through both experimental and numerical simulation. Experimental work discusses the details to construction and characterization of a CdTe deposition system and employing the new understanding of improving the CdTe device to achieve high performing CdTe devices. Here the traditional CdS window layer is replaced by a wide bandgap MgxZn1-xO to increase the photocurrent generation with better band alignment. With optimum deposition and processing conditions, work demonstrates a device with power conversion efficiency >16%. With a good front contact, performance of the device can be limited by the poor back contact. Expanding the understanding to front contact band alignment, characteristics of a back buffer layer suitable for CdTe back contact is also explored. Through 1D numerical simulation of the conduction and valence band offset, doping levels of the CdTe and back buffer layer material, this dissertation work sets the guideline to achieving CdTe device performance up to 25%.

Advanced Characterization of Thin Film Solar Cells

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Publisher : Institution of Engineering and Technology
ISBN 13 : 1839530235
Total Pages : 457 pages
Book Rating : 4.8/5 (395 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Characterization of Thin Film Solar Cells by : Mowafak Al-Jassim

Download or read book Advanced Characterization of Thin Film Solar Cells written by Mowafak Al-Jassim and published by Institution of Engineering and Technology. This book was released on 2020-09-17 with total page 457 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Polycrystalline thin-film solar cells have reached a levelized cost of energy that is competitive with all other sources of electricity. The technology has significantly improved in recent years, with laboratory cell efficiencies for cadmium telluride (CdTe), perovskites, and copper indium gallium diselenide (CIGS) each exceeding 22 percent. Both CdTe and CIGS solar panels are now produced at the gigawatt scale. However, there are ongoing challenges, including the continued need to improve performance and stability while reducing cost. Advancing polycrystalline solar cell technology demands an in-depth understanding of efficiency, scaling, and degradation mechanisms, which requires sophisticated characterization methods. These methods will enable researchers and manufacturers to improve future solar modules and systems.

Solar Cells and Modules

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Publisher : Springer Nature
ISBN 13 : 3030464873
Total Pages : 357 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (34 download)

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Book Synopsis Solar Cells and Modules by : Arvind Shah

Download or read book Solar Cells and Modules written by Arvind Shah and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-07-16 with total page 357 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book gives a comprehensive introduction to the field of photovoltaic (PV) solar cells and modules. In thirteen chapters, it addresses a wide range of topics including the spectrum of light received by PV devices, the basic functioning of a solar cell, and the physical factors limiting the efficiency of solar cells. It places particular emphasis on crystalline silicon solar cells and modules, which constitute today more than 90 % of all modules sold worldwide. Describing in great detail both the manufacturing process and resulting module performance, the book also touches on the newest developments in this sector, such as Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact (TOPCON) and heterojunction modules, while dedicating a major chapter to general questions of module design and fabrication. Overall, it presents the essential theoretical and practical concepts of PV solar cells and modules in an easy-to-understand manner and discusses current challenges facing the global research and development community.

Polycrystalline Thin Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Fabricated by Electrodeposition. Annual Technical Report, 20 March 1995--19 March 1996

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 46 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (684 download)

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Book Synopsis Polycrystalline Thin Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Fabricated by Electrodeposition. Annual Technical Report, 20 March 1995--19 March 1996 by :

Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Fabricated by Electrodeposition. Annual Technical Report, 20 March 1995--19 March 1996 written by and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 46 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to develop improved processes for fabricating CdTe/CdS polycrystalline thin-film solar cells. Researchers used electrodeposition to form CdTe; electrodeposition is a non-vacuum, low-cost technique that is attractive for economic, large-scale production. During the past year, research and development efforts focused on several steps that are most critical to the fabricating high-efficiency CdTe solar cells. These include the optimization of the CdTe electrodeposition process, the effect of pretreatment of CdS substrates, the post-deposition annealing of CdTe, and back-contact formation using Cu-doped ZnTe. Systematic investigations of these processing steps have led to a better understanding and improved performance of the CdTe-based cells. Researchers studied the structural properties of chemical-bath-deposited CdS thin films and their growth mechanisms by investigating CdS samples prepared at different deposition times; investigated the effect of CdCl2 treatment of CdS films on the photovoltaic performance of CdTe solar cells; studied Cu-doped ZnTe as a promising material for forming stable, low-resistance contacts to the p-type CdTe; and investigated the effect of CdTe and CdS thickness on the photovoltaic performance of the resulting cells. As a result of their systematic investigation and optimization of the processing conditions, researchers improved the efficiency of CdTe/CdS cells using ZnTe back-contact and electrodeposited CdTe. The best CdTe/CdS cell exhibited a V{sub oc} of 0.778 V, a J{sub sc} of 22.4 mA/cm2, a FF of 74%, and an efficiency of 12.9% (verified at NREL). In terms of individual parameters, researchers obtained a V{sub oc} over 0.8 V and a FF of 76% on other cells.

Cost-Effective Techniques to Improve the Performance and Efficiency of CdTe Solar Modules

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ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 254 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (131 download)

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Book Synopsis Cost-Effective Techniques to Improve the Performance and Efficiency of CdTe Solar Modules by : Tawfeeq Kadheem Al-Hamdi

Download or read book Cost-Effective Techniques to Improve the Performance and Efficiency of CdTe Solar Modules written by Tawfeeq Kadheem Al-Hamdi and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The shortage in supplying the electricity has stimulated many countries to generate more electricity from clean sources such as utilizing the solar energy in producing the required electricity through using the photovoltaics (PV) technology. Recently, the competition between different PV technologies has started to control the biggest portion of the electricity market. Cadmium telluride (CdTe) PV technology has many traits over the silicon one. However, the decline in the performance because of the increase in their temperature, their high initial investment cost, and low efficiency because the low open-circuit voltage (Voc) could all together limit the extensive utilization of CdTe solar modules. A simple, cheap, and commercially applicable passive cooling mechanism has been presented to mitigate the elevated temperatures problem. It uses a flat sheet of aluminum to perform dual functions; a flat solar concentrator and a heat extractor. The high initial investment cost and the low Voc of the CdTe solar module have been addressed by presenting new cost-effective and doped absorber materials with tailored characteristics to enable high-efficiency CdTe solar modules. High-pressure Bridgman (HPB) technique has been used to achieve this dual-task by combining the synthesize, growth, and doping of CdTe and CdSeTe feedstock materials for CdTe solar modules into one process.The results of the passive cooling technique showed that a concentrator angle of 30o to 40o from the vertical with a thickness of 0.01905 m would be the best selection to guarantee a good balance between high output power and high efficiency for the CdTe solar module. The synthesis, growth, and doping of the feedstock materials have been successfully conducted into a single step by using the HPB. The HPB offers higher growth rates, lower growth time, higher purity than other growth techniques, and the feedstock materials mass could be scaled to more than >20 kg with a cost reduction of 45% per kg. The measured active doping concentration was ~1017 cm-3 and bulk lifetime was from 5 to 40 ns in a deposited solar cell which can raise the efficiency of CdTe solar modules above the present record.

High Efficiency Ultra Thin Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Solar Cells

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Publisher : LAP Lambert Academic Publishing
ISBN 13 : 9783659369438
Total Pages : 148 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (694 download)

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Book Synopsis High Efficiency Ultra Thin Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Solar Cells by : Nowshad Amin

Download or read book High Efficiency Ultra Thin Cadmium Telluride (CdTe) Solar Cells written by Nowshad Amin and published by LAP Lambert Academic Publishing. This book was released on 2013 with total page 148 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Thin film cadmium telluride absorbers with cadmium sulphide hetero-junction partner are promising candidates for high efficiency low cost solutions of solar energy harvesting devices. These devices have band gaps well-suited for effective absorption of sunlight. Most importantly, the materials used in these devices can be deposited in a variety of industry-friendly ways, so that the cost associated with manufacturing is generally lower than other available technologies. Although poly-crystalline CdS has been found to be the best suited heterojunction partner for CdTe solar cell, the conventional polycrystalline CdS/CdTe cell has few issues that limit device performance. In order to overcome these problems, this study proposes the introduction of poly-CdS to amorphous oxygenated CdS (a-CdS: O) as window layer. The a-CdS: O window material has higher optical band gap (2.5-3.1 eV), better lattice match with CdTe absorber materials and reduced inter-diffusion tendency of CdS and CdTe layers. This book systematically demonstrates the conversion process of poly CdS to a-CdS: O and develops a strategy for the fabrication of suitable a-CdS: O layer to be applied in CdTe solar ce

Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuIn[subscript 1-x]Ga[subscript x]Se2-Based Solar Cells: Final Technical Report, 26 May 1998-22 December 2001

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Publisher : DIANE Publishing
ISBN 13 : 1428917292
Total Pages : 51 pages
Book Rating : 4.4/5 (289 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuIn[subscript 1-x]Ga[subscript x]Se2-Based Solar Cells: Final Technical Report, 26 May 1998-22 December 2001 by : Don Louis Morel

Download or read book Advanced Processing of CdTe- and CuIn[subscript 1-x]Ga[subscript x]Se2-Based Solar Cells: Final Technical Report, 26 May 1998-22 December 2001 written by Don Louis Morel and published by DIANE Publishing. This book was released on 2003 with total page 51 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Polycrystalline Thin Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Fabricated by Electrodeposition

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 0 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (377 download)

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Book Synopsis Polycrystalline Thin Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Fabricated by Electrodeposition by : J. U. Trefny

Download or read book Polycrystalline Thin Film Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Fabricated by Electrodeposition written by J. U. Trefny and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The objective of this project is to develop improved processes for fabricating CdTe/CdS polycrystalline thin-film solar cells. Researchers used electrodeposition to form CdTe; electrodeposition is a non-vacuum, low-cost technique that is attractive for economic, large-scale production. During the past year, research and development efforts focused on several steps that are most critical to the fabricating high-efficiency CdTe solar cells. These include the optimization of the CdTe electrodeposition process, the effect of pretreatment of CdS substrates, the post-deposition annealing of CdTe, and back-contact formation using Cu-doped ZnTe. Systematic investigations of these processing steps have led to a better understanding and improved performances of the CdTe-based cells.

Properties of Semiconductor Alloys

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 9780470744390
Total Pages : 422 pages
Book Rating : 4.7/5 (443 download)

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Book Synopsis Properties of Semiconductor Alloys by : Sadao Adachi

Download or read book Properties of Semiconductor Alloys written by Sadao Adachi and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2009-03-12 with total page 422 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The main purpose of this book is to provide a comprehensive treatment of the materials aspects of group-IV, III−V and II−VI semiconductor alloys used in various electronic and optoelectronic devices. The topics covered in this book include the structural, thermal, mechanical, lattice vibronic, electronic, optical and carrier transport properties of such semiconductor alloys. The book reviews not only commonly known alloys (SiGe, AlGaAs, GaInPAs, and ZnCdTe) but also new alloys, such as dilute-carbon alloys (CSiGe, CSiSn, etc.), III−N alloys, dilute-nitride alloys (GaNAs and GaInNAs) and Mg- or Be-based II−VI semiconductor alloys. Finally there is an extensive bibliography included for those who wish to find additional information as well as tabulated values and graphical information on the properties of semiconductor alloys.

Fundamentals of Solar Cell Design

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Publisher : John Wiley & Sons
ISBN 13 : 1119724708
Total Pages : 578 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (197 download)

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Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Solar Cell Design by : Inamuddin

Download or read book Fundamentals of Solar Cell Design written by Inamuddin and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2021-08-24 with total page 578 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar cells are semiconductor devices that convert light photons into electricity in photovoltaic energy conversion and can help to overcome the global energy crisis. Solar cells have many applications including remote area power systems, earth-orbiting satellites, wristwatches, water pumping, photodetectors and remote radiotelephones. Solar cell technology is economically feasible for commercial-scale power generation. While commercial solar cells exhibit good performance and stability, still researchers are looking at many ways to improve the performance and cost of solar cells via modulating the fundamental properties of semiconductors. Solar cell technology is the key to a clean energy future. Solar cells directly harvest energy from the sun’s light radiation into electricity are in an ever-growing demand for future global energy production. Solar cell-based energy harvesting has attracted worldwide attention for their notable features, such as cheap renewable technology, scalable, lightweight, flexibility, versatility, no greenhouse gas emission, environment, and economy friendly and operational costs are quite low compared to other forms of power generation. Thus, solar cell technology is at the forefront of renewable energy technologies which are used in telecommunications, power plants, small devices to satellites. Aiming at large-scale implementation can be manipulated by various types used in solar cell design and exploration of new materials towards improving performance and reducing cost. Therefore, in-depth knowledge about solar cell design is fundamental for those who wish to apply this knowledge and understanding in industries and academics. This book provides a comprehensive overview on solar cells and explores the history to evolution and present scenarios of solar cell design, classification, properties, various semiconductor materials, thin films, wafer-scale, transparent solar cells, and so on. It also includes solar cells’ characterization analytical tools, theoretical modeling, practices to enhance conversion efficiencies, applications and patents.

Advanced Micro- and Nanomaterials for Photovoltaics

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0128145021
Total Pages : 342 pages
Book Rating : 4.1/5 (281 download)

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Book Synopsis Advanced Micro- and Nanomaterials for Photovoltaics by :

Download or read book Advanced Micro- and Nanomaterials for Photovoltaics written by and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2019-05-25 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nanomaterials are becoming increasingly important photovoltaic technologies from absorbers to contacts. This book is dedicated to describing the novel materials and technologies for photovoltaics that derive from these new and novel approaches in solar technologies. We have collected a set of renowned experts in their respective fields as authors and their expertise covers a broad set of areas including novel oxides, quantum dots, CZTS and organic solar cells, as well as light management and reliability testing. The organization of the book is divided into three sections; the first part deals with emerging photovoltaic absorbers and absorber approaches, the second part is focused on novel solar cell architectures and device concepts and components; and the last part is focused on their integration into module technologies. The first chapter is an introduction to the basics of solar cells technology facilitating an understanding by the non-expert of the following chapters. The book is intended for academics and professionals, at the research and R&D level in materials and devices, who are looking for opportunities for applications in the solar materials, devices and modules areas. Hopefully it will serve as a reference for students and professionals looking into the potential and development of novel photovoltaic technologies, researchers looking into the development of innovative projects, and teachers in the field of energy and sustainability. - Showcases a range of cutting-edge photovoltaic materials and devices, exploring their special properties and how they are best used - Assesses the challenges of fabricating solar cell devices using nanotechnology - Explores how producing cheaper modules, increasing reliability and increasing efficiency have led to new applications for photovoltaic devices

Comprehensive Guide on Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells

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Publisher : Academic Press
ISBN 13 : 0323858074
Total Pages : 420 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (238 download)

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Book Synopsis Comprehensive Guide on Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells by : Md. Akhtaruzzaman

Download or read book Comprehensive Guide on Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells written by Md. Akhtaruzzaman and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2021-11-18 with total page 420 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Comprehensive Guide on Organic and Inorganic Solar Cells: Fundamental Concepts to Fabrication Methods is a one-stop, authoritative resource on all types of inorganic, organic and hybrid solar cells, including their theoretical background and the practical knowledge required for fabrication. With chapters rigorously dedicated to a particular type of solar cell, each subchapter takes a detailed look at synthesis recipes, deposition techniques, materials properties and their influence on solar cell performance, including advanced characterization methods with materials selection and experimental techniques. By addressing the evolution of solar cell technologies, second generation thin-film photovoltaics, organic solar cells, and finally, the latest hybrid organic-inorganic approaches, this book benefits students and researchers in solar cell technology to understand the similarities, differences, benefits and challenges of each device. Introduces the basic concepts of different photovoltaic cells to audiences from a wide variety of academic backgrounds Consists of working principles of a particular category of solar technology followed by dissection of every component within the architecture Crucial experimental procedures for the fabrication of solar cell devices are introduced, aiding picture practical application of the technology

Introducing CTS (Copper-Tin-Sulphide) as a Solar Cell by Using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS)

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Publisher : Springer
ISBN 13 : 303017395X
Total Pages : 67 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (31 download)

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Book Synopsis Introducing CTS (Copper-Tin-Sulphide) as a Solar Cell by Using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS) by : Iraj Sadegh Amiri

Download or read book Introducing CTS (Copper-Tin-Sulphide) as a Solar Cell by Using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS) written by Iraj Sadegh Amiri and published by Springer. This book was released on 2019-05-31 with total page 67 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book discusses the enhancement of efficiency in currently used solar cells. The authors have characterized different structures of the solar cell system to optimize system parameters, particularly the performance of the Copper-Tin-Sulphide solar cell using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). This research can help scientist to overcome the current limitations and build up new designs of the system with higher efficiency and greater functionality. The authors have investigated the corresponding samples from various viewpoints, including structural (crystallinity, composition and surface morphology), optical (UV–vis–near-IR transmittance/reflectance spectra) and electrical resistivity properties. Describes investigations on Cu2SnS3 solar cells and prospective low cost absorber layer of thin film solar cells; Discusses the potential device structure of Copper-Tin-Sulphide based on thin film technologies; Explains solar cell structure optimization to perform a higher conversion efficiency of Copper-Tin-Sulphide.

Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 12 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (967 download)

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Book Synopsis Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells by :

Download or read book Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells written by and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 12 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Here, the performance of CdTe solar cells -- cheaper alternatives to silicon photovoltaics -- is hampered by their low output voltages, which are normally well below the theoretical limit. Now, record voltages of over 1 V have been reported in single-crystal CdTe heterostructure solar cells, which are close to those of benchmark GaAs cells.

Solar Cell Device Physics

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Publisher : Elsevier
ISBN 13 : 0323154638
Total Pages : 353 pages
Book Rating : 4.3/5 (231 download)

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Book Synopsis Solar Cell Device Physics by : Stephen J. Fonash

Download or read book Solar Cell Device Physics written by Stephen J. Fonash and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2012-12-02 with total page 353 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Solar Cell Device Physics offers a balanced, in-depth qualitative and quantitative treatment of the physical principles and operating characteristics of solar cell devices. Topics covered include photovoltaic energy conversion and solar cell materials and structures, along with homojunction solar cells. Semiconductor-semiconductor heterojunction cells and surface-barrier solar cells are also discussed. This book consists of six chapters and begins by introducing the reader to the basic physical principles and materials properties that are the foundations of photovoltaic energy conversion, with emphasis on various photovoltaic devices capable of efficiently converting solar energy into usable electrical energy. The electronic and optical properties of crystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous materials with both organic and inorganic materials are considered, together with the manner in which these properties change from one material class to another and the implications of such changes for photovoltaics. Generation, recombination, and bulk transport are also discussed. The two mechanisms of photocarrier collection in solar cells, drift and diffusion, are then compared. The remaining chapters focus on specific solar cell device classes defined in terms of the interface structure employed: homojunctions, semiconductor-semiconductor heterojunctions, and surface-barrier devices. This monograph is appropriate for use as a textbook for graduate students in engineering and the sciences and for seniors in electrical engineering and applied physics, as well as a reference book for those actively involved in solar cell research and development.

Investigation of Interdiffusion at Interfaces of Polycrystalline Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells for Improved Device Performance

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 :
Total Pages : 82 pages
Book Rating : 4.:/5 (849 download)

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Book Synopsis Investigation of Interdiffusion at Interfaces of Polycrystalline Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells for Improved Device Performance by : Benjamin Chambers

Download or read book Investigation of Interdiffusion at Interfaces of Polycrystalline Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells for Improved Device Performance written by Benjamin Chambers and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 82 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:

Solar Electrolyzer Coupling Via Load-matching and Doping in Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells to Overcome Voltage Limitations

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Publisher :
ISBN 13 : 9781392010518
Total Pages : 220 pages
Book Rating : 4.0/5 (15 download)

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Book Synopsis Solar Electrolyzer Coupling Via Load-matching and Doping in Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells to Overcome Voltage Limitations by : Gowri Manasa Sriramagiri

Download or read book Solar Electrolyzer Coupling Via Load-matching and Doping in Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells to Overcome Voltage Limitations written by Gowri Manasa Sriramagiri and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 220 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation comprises two distinct topics concerning photovoltaics: studying solar electrolyzer performance with a practical consideration of their design and operation, and extrinsic p-type doping in thin-film CdTe solar cells using Sb for improved voltage output.