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Improving Engineered Wood Fiber Surfaces For Accessible Playgrounds
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Book Synopsis Improving Engineered Wood Fiber Surfaces for Accessible Playgrounds by : Theodore Laufenberg
Download or read book Improving Engineered Wood Fiber Surfaces for Accessible Playgrounds written by Theodore Laufenberg and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 20 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some engineered wood fiber surfaces are uneven, tend to shift, and have low density. The goal of our research was to develop a playground surface material that cushions impact and is accessible to people with disabilities. In the initial screening phase, we evaluated a variety of in situ surface treatments and mixtures of wood particles combined with various binders. Engineered wood fiber (EWF) was prepared from three species, red maple, ponderosa pine, and one-seed juniper, which have a wide range of densities and bonding properties. In the scale-up phase, we evaluated commercially available EWF and several promising binding systems from the screening phase trials. Seventeen test configurations were formed in plywood boxes, using different levels of EWF compaction, fiber moisture content, surface layer thickness, and types of binders. Binder systems that show promise for surface stabilization and satisfactory impact behavior are polyurethane, latex, and silicone. These binders were chosen on the basis of processing ease, flexibility (elongation to failure), cost, and safety in application and use. In this report, we identify the strengths and weaknesses of the surface treatments, review the viability of the systems and the testing concepts we have developed, and identify further research needs.
Book Synopsis Field Performance Testing of Improved Engineered Wood Fiber Surfaces for Accessible Playground Areas by : Theodore Laufenberg
Download or read book Field Performance Testing of Improved Engineered Wood Fiber Surfaces for Accessible Playground Areas written by Theodore Laufenberg and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Some engineered wood fiber (EWF) surfaces on playgrounds are soft and uneven, which creates difficulties for those who use mobility aids, such as wheelchairs and walkers. The outdoor field testing reported in this study is part of an effort to stabilize EWF to improve accessibility. The concept is to mix a binder with the upper surface of EWF to create a stiff (firm) and scuff-resistant (stable) composite overlayer. Latex, silicone, and polyurethane binders were evaluated on small plots during a 6-month outdoor trial in Wisconsin. Tests were performed at regular intervals to?provide a quantitative measure of accessibility. After 6 months of exposure, all the surfaces passed the existing specifications for impact attenuation of playground surfaces. Exposure changed impact performance of all systems except the unsurfaced (without an additive) EWF. The latex and?polyurethane stabilizers consistently met accessibility requirements. One polyurethane formulation produced a hard brittle shell that became even harder with exposure and age, which might increase the injury rate for falls on that surface. The silicone system failed to maintain integrity adequately?during the rain/dry cycles of the test. Moisture measurements indicate that the bonded surfaces retard drying of the underlying EWF, which may have long-term implications for the rate of decay for these systems.
Book Synopsis Improving Engineered Wood Fiber Surfaces for Accessible Playgrounds by : Theodore Laufenberg
Download or read book Improving Engineered Wood Fiber Surfaces for Accessible Playgrounds written by Theodore Laufenberg and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Improving Engineered Wood Fiber Surfaces for Accessible Playgrounds by : Theodore Laufenberg
Download or read book Improving Engineered Wood Fiber Surfaces for Accessible Playgrounds written by Theodore Laufenberg and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 15 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stabilized Engineered Wood Fiber for Accessible Playground Surfaces by : Theodore Laufenberg
Download or read book Stabilized Engineered Wood Fiber for Accessible Playground Surfaces written by Theodore Laufenberg and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Engineered Wood Fiber Surfaces Improve Accessibility for Americans with Disabilities by : Theodore L. Laufenberg
Download or read book Engineered Wood Fiber Surfaces Improve Accessibility for Americans with Disabilities written by Theodore L. Laufenberg and published by . This book was released on 2005 with total page 2 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: What is the preferred playground safety surface material in the United States today? The answer is engineered wood fiber (EWF). EWF is the technical name for a loose, mulch-like mixture of hardwood chips that meets certain specifications regarding chip size and shape, consistency, drainage, impact attenuation, and other qualities. At a cost of just $1.00/ft2 to cushion a 10-ft fall height, the loosely piled wood chips are a cost-effective way to increase playground safety. However, as playground designers incorporate accessibility features into their designs, traditional EWF does not meet their needs.
Book Synopsis Field Performance Testing of Improved Engineered Wood Fiber Surfaces for Accessible Playground Areas by : T. L. Laufenberg
Download or read book Field Performance Testing of Improved Engineered Wood Fiber Surfaces for Accessible Playground Areas written by T. L. Laufenberg and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stabilized Engineered Wood Fiber for Accessible Trails by : Theodore Laufenberg
Download or read book Stabilized Engineered Wood Fiber for Accessible Trails written by Theodore Laufenberg and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 16 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Field Performance Testing of Improved Engineering Wood Fiber Surfaces for Accessible Playground Areas by : Theodore Laufenberg
Download or read book Field Performance Testing of Improved Engineering Wood Fiber Surfaces for Accessible Playground Areas written by Theodore Laufenberg and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 10 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stabilized Engineered Wood Fiber for Accessible Playground Surfaces by : Theodore Laufenberg
Download or read book Stabilized Engineered Wood Fiber for Accessible Playground Surfaces written by Theodore Laufenberg and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Annual Report to the President and the Congress by : Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board
Download or read book Annual Report to the President and the Congress written by Architectural and Transportation Barriers Compliance Board and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Stabilized Engineered Wood Fiber for Playground Surfaces by : T. L. Laufenberg
Download or read book Stabilized Engineered Wood Fiber for Playground Surfaces written by T. L. Laufenberg and published by . This book was released on 2004 with total page 11 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Playground Surfaces by : Jennifer K. Skulski
Download or read book Playground Surfaces written by Jennifer K. Skulski and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page 93 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The playground is a place for play and learning for all children and especially for children with disabilities. When the playground presents physical barriers such as inaccessible surfaces and routes, play, learning, development and the self-actualized benefits of the leisure experience can be stunted or even eliminated for a child with a disability. There are more than 100 different commercial varieties of playground surfaces on the market in 2010. Lack of reliable product performance data on the effectiveness of safe, accessible playground surfaces relative to costs for installation and ongoing maintenance prohibits public playground owners from making informed choices on the selection of surfaces most appropriate for their public setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a variety of playground surfaces, their ability to meet accessibility requirements and their costs upon initial installation. The research questions include: how well do various playground surfaces meet the accessibility requirements upon installation? What are the costs for the various playground surfaces and are the costs related to performance? What accessibility issues arise out of initial installation? A total of 25 sites were visited to evaluate the surface conditions for accessibility and gather information on the costs for installation. The playground surfaces were categorized as either poured in place rubber, rubber tiles, engineered wood fiber, shredded rubber or a hybrid surface system. A visual inspection was conducted at nine pre-determined locations within the play area. Locations were awarded a deficiency score at occurrences where the surface location was not in compliance with the minimum accessibility standards of the Americans with Disabilities Act. In addition, the surface locations were measured for firmness and stability with a Rotational Penetrometer. Results from this study indicate that there is no perfect playground surface. Even within 12 months of installation, each type of surface has had some type of issue or series of issues that may affect the product's performance and contribute to the necessity and frequency of surface maintenance to assure accessibility and safety for use by children on a daily basis.
Book Synopsis Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications by :
Download or read book Monthly Catalog of United States Government Publications written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 776 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Porous Pavements by : Bruce Ferguson
Download or read book Porous Pavements written by Bruce Ferguson and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-02-18 with total page 600 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Pavements are the most ubiquitous of all man-made structures, and they have an enormous impact on environmental quality. They are responsible for hydrocarbon pollutants, excess runoff, groundwater decline and the resulting local water shortages, temperature increases in the urban "heat island," and for the ability of trees to extend their roots in
Book Synopsis Conserving our forests since 1910 by :
Download or read book Conserving our forests since 1910 written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 36 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Thomas Register of American Manufacturers and Thomas Register Catalog File by :
Download or read book Thomas Register of American Manufacturers and Thomas Register Catalog File written by and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 2084 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 1970-71 includes manufacturers catalogs.
