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Improvement Of Yields Of Common Beans Phaseolus Vulgaris L By Increased Nitrogen Fixation In Soils With Low Phosphorus Levels
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Book Synopsis Improvement of Yields of Common Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) by Increased Nitrogen Fixation in Soils with Low Phosphorus Levels by : Irene Christiansen
Download or read book Improvement of Yields of Common Beans (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) by Increased Nitrogen Fixation in Soils with Low Phosphorus Levels written by Irene Christiansen and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 254 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation by : P. Graham
Download or read book Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation written by P. Graham and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 206 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: During the past three decades there has been a large amount of research on biological nitrogen fixation, in part stimulated by increasing world prices of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and environmental concerns. In the last several years, research on plant--microbe interactions, and symbiotic and asymbiotic nitrogen fixation has become truly interdisciplinary in nature, stimulated to some degree by the use of modern genetic techniques. These methodologies have allowed us to make detailed analyses of plant and bacterial genes involved in symbiotic processes and to follow the growth and persistence of the root-nodule bacteria and free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria in soils. Through the efforts of a large number of researchers we now have a better understanding of the ecology of rhizobia, environmental parameters affecting the infection and nodulation process, the nature of specificity, the biochemistry of host plants and microsymbionts, and chemical signalling between symbiotic partners. This volume gives a summary of current research efforts and knowledge in the field of biological nitrogen fixation. Since the research field is diverse in nature, this book presents a collection of papers in the major research area of physiology and metabolism, genetics, evolution, taxonomy, ecology, and international programs.
Book Synopsis Root Shallowness of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris, L.) Effects on Low-input Agroecosystems Productivity in the Tropics by : Soares Xerinda
Download or read book Root Shallowness of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris, L.) Effects on Low-input Agroecosystems Productivity in the Tropics written by Soares Xerinda and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Sustainable agriculture should maintain production at levels necessary to meet the increasing needs of an expanding world population without degrading the environment. Low phosphorus (P) availability is a primary constraint to plant productivity in both natural forest lands and agro-ecosystems. P nutrition is very important for biological N fixation which has been promoted in many farming systems using non-edible or edible crops. Root architectural traits that enhance topsoil foraging increase P acquisition in several crops including common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). P efficient common bean is an edible crop that besides of having superior P acquisition efficiency in low P soils, also can fix atmospheric nitrogen to reduce N deficiency in soils; having better P and N nutrition P-efficient beans can grow faster and more vigorously than P-inefficient bean. Therefore, they can protect better the soil in slopping lands that are common in the major bean growing areas of Africa and Latin America. Maize/bean polyculture is an important cropping system in developing countries in which most farmers often cultivate common bean poor soils characterized by low phosphorus (P) availability. In this context we determined important to test three hypotheses in this study as follow: (1) root architectural traits that increase P acquisition in bean will also enhance nodulation and biological N fixation; (2) bean cultivars with root traits enhancing P acquisition can improve bean yields but could decrease maize yields because of altered below-and-aboveground competition; (3) topsoil exploration have greater phosphorus (P) acquisition than conventional genotypes, but long term depletion of soil P by more efficient acquisition may be counteracted by lower soil erosion from greater crop biomass and canopy cover. Bean genotypes with contrasting root architecture in the three studies conducted in USA -- Pennsylvania State University (PSU) Agriculture Research Farm, Mozambique in Lichinga Research Station of the Agrarian Research Institute of Mozambique (IIAM), and in the Republic of South Africa at the Ukulima Root Biology Center. For the Symbiotic nitrogen fixation study we found that, compared with P-inefficient genotypes, P-efficient genotypes had 24.8% greater growth and 39% greater symbiotic N2 fixation under low P. They also had 41% greater nodulation and 57% greater nodule activity than P-inefficient genotypes under low P conditions. For the conservation study, the shallow-rooted genotypes had greater shoot biomass, canopy cover, and less erosion than deep-rooted genotypes. And for the maize/bean competition study was determined that under high P, the bean monoculture yielded approximately 3.8 Mg ha-1 regardless of root phenotype, but under low P the shallow-rooted and deep-rooted bean categories had yield reductions of 55.3 and 75.5%, respectively. Under low P in polyculture, the shallow-rooted bean yield was 1.04 Mg ha-1 which was 43.3% greater than the yield of the deep-rooted phenotypes. We conclude that bean genotypes with root traits permitting greater P acquisition can also fix more atmospheric nitrogen, consequently attain better shoot growth which also result in greater grain yield; more robust plants makes better canopy cover, and reduces soil P lost to water erosion in low P tropical soils. There is need for selection of appropriate matches of root systems in low-input polycultures. Breeding efforts to generate seeds of plants with efficient root system is very important since can result in better nutrient use and higher crop productivity in poor soils, generating some income to that can be used to purchase fertilizer by poor farmers to start more profitable agriculture.
Book Synopsis Legume Nitrogen Fixation in Soils with Low Phosphorus Availability by : Saad Sulieman
Download or read book Legume Nitrogen Fixation in Soils with Low Phosphorus Availability written by Saad Sulieman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-06-10 with total page 292 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This thoughtful and provocative book provides a concise, up-to-date presentation of how current and projected future phosphorus scarcity will affect legume growth and their symbiotic nitrogen-fixing capabilities. It is a timely examination of the physiological and molecular responses of nodules to phosphorous deficiency in attempt to identify common principles. Students and researchers in the many disciplines related to crop productivity will find this title an exciting contribution in the area of plant stress physiology. The knowledge in this volume can also aid plant breeders, particularly through new methods of genetic engineering, in developing unique and adaptive cultivars with higher symbiotic efficiency. The awareness of the rapidly rising world population must translate into a parallel increase in agricultural production in order to sustain the growing population both now and in the future. Hence, the demand for food crops to produce proteins and vegetable oil for human consumption is going to increase considerably during the coming years. The essential role of legumes in agriculture is well-recognized, given the abundant levels of proteins and oils found in plants along with their enormous contribution to the sustainability of agricultural systems and human health. The capacity of legumes to fix nitrogen (N2) in partnership with rhizobia provides an input-saving and resource-conserving alternative, thereby reducing the need for chemical fertilizers while enhancing overall crop productivity. The use of N2-fixing legumes to produce plant proteins results in a substantial decrease in the consumption of fossil fuels and therefore also in the agricultural effects to global warming. However, a major constraint to legume production is low soil phosphorus (P) availability, considering that an overwhelming majority of the world’s soils are classified as P-deficient. Low-P availability is especially problematic for legumes, since legume nodules responsible for N2 fixation have a high P requirement. Therefore, this book explains how nodule N2 fixation responds to low P availability, which is crucial for improving legume production and maintaining agricultural sustainability in the context of the global P crisis.
Book Synopsis Enhancement of Biological Nitrogen Fixation of Common Bean in Latin America by : F.A. Bliss
Download or read book Enhancement of Biological Nitrogen Fixation of Common Bean in Latin America written by F.A. Bliss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2012-12-06 with total page 164 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most important pulse crop in Latin America, as well as in large parts of Asia and Africa. It is particularly important due to its ability, in symbiosis with Rhizobium bacteria, to fix atmospheric nitrogen and due to its high nutrient value. Incorporating contributions from plant breeders, microbiologists, plant physiologists and soil scientists, this volume reports the results of an FAO/IAEA Coordinated Research Programme (1985--1991), whose main objective was to enhance yield and biological nitrogen fixation in common bean by reducing its reliance on soil and fertilizer nitrogen. The volume will be invaluable to scientists working on biological nitrogen fixation and legume production.
Book Synopsis Improvement of N2 Fixation in Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) at Different Levels of Available Phosphorus by : Pedro Antonio Arraes Pereira
Download or read book Improvement of N2 Fixation in Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) at Different Levels of Available Phosphorus written by Pedro Antonio Arraes Pereira and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Grain Legumes and Green Manures for Soil Fertility in Southern Africa by : Stephen R. Waddington
Download or read book Grain Legumes and Green Manures for Soil Fertility in Southern Africa written by Stephen R. Waddington and published by CIMMYT. This book was released on 2003 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Enhancement of Biological Nitrogen Fixation of Common Bean in Latin America by : Fredrick A. Bliss
Download or read book Enhancement of Biological Nitrogen Fixation of Common Bean in Latin America written by Fredrick A. Bliss and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 1993 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The common bean Phaseolus vulgaris L. is the most important pulse crop in Latin America, as well as in large parts of Asia and Africa. It is particularly important due to its ability, in symbiosis with Rhizobium bacteria, to fix atmospheric nitrogen and due to its high nutrient value.
Book Synopsis Molecular Microbial Ecology of the Soil by : Gudni G. Hardarson
Download or read book Molecular Microbial Ecology of the Soil written by Gudni G. Hardarson and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2013-03-09 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Grain legume crops, e.g. common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), and soyabeans (Glycine max L.) are amongst the main sources of protein in Africa, Asia and Latin America. Their high protein content derive from their ability, in symbiosis with Rhizobium bacteria, to fix atmospheric nitrogen. Incorporating contributions from molecular biologists, microbiologists, plant breeders and soil scientists, this volume reports the results of an FAO/IAEA Co-ordinated Research Programme (1992-1996), whose main objective was to develop molecular biological methods to study rhizobial ecology. Use of better tracking methods will help enhance biological nitrogen fixation and thus grain legume yields, while reducing their reliance on soil- and/or fertilizer-nitrogen. This volume will be invaluable to scientists working on biological nitrogen fixation, soil microbial ecology and legume production.
Book Synopsis Dissertation Abstracts International by :
Download or read book Dissertation Abstracts International written by and published by . This book was released on 2001 with total page 816 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Legume Nitrogen Fixation in a Changing Environment by : Saad Sulieman
Download or read book Legume Nitrogen Fixation in a Changing Environment written by Saad Sulieman and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-24 with total page 136 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The world population will grow more rapidly during the few coming years. This must be accompanied by a parallel increase in the agricultural production to secure adequate food. Sustainability considerations mandate that alternatives to chemical nitrogen fertilizers must be urgently sought. Biological nitrogen (N2) fixation, a microbiological process which converts atmospheric N2 into a plant-usable form, offers this alternative. Among these renewable sources, N2-fixing legumes offer an economically attractive and ecologically sound means of reducing external inputs and improving internal resources. Environmental factors such as drought, elevated temperature, salinity, soil acidity and rising CO2 are known to dramatically affect the symbiotic process and thus play a part in determining the actual amount of nitrogen fixed by a given legume in the field. Understanding how nodule N2 fixation responds to the environment is crucial for improving legume production and maintaining sustainability in the context of global change. In this thoughtful and provocative new Brief, we provide critical information on how current and projected future changes in the environment will affect legume growth and their symbiotic N2 fixing capabilities. Each section reviews the main drivers of environmental change on the legume performance that include drought, elevated temperature, salinity and rising CO2, and soil acidity. Importantly we discuss the molecular approaches to the analysis of the stress response in legumes and the possible biotechnological strategies to overcome their detrimental effects.
Book Synopsis Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement by : Ram J. Singh
Download or read book Genetic Resources, Chromosome Engineering, and Crop Improvement written by Ram J. Singh and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2005-03-16 with total page 392 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The first book in this new series discusses grain legumes, which rank only second to cereals in supplying calories and protein to the world's population. With each chapter written by an internationally renowned scientist, the book reviews the role of alien germplasm for the domestication of each major legume crop. Discussion for each crop covers or
Book Synopsis A Theis Submitted To The Faculty Of The Graduated School Of The University Of Minnesota by : Kathryn Joanne Draeger
Download or read book A Theis Submitted To The Faculty Of The Graduated School Of The University Of Minnesota written by Kathryn Joanne Draeger and published by INIAP Archivo Historico. This book was released on with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Grain Yield, Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation, Carbon Assimilation and Phosphorus Nutrition of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Varieties in Response to Rhizobium Inoculation and Phosphorus Application in Ethiopia by :
Download or read book Grain Yield, Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation, Carbon Assimilation and Phosphorus Nutrition of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Varieties in Response to Rhizobium Inoculation and Phosphorus Application in Ethiopia written by and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In Africa, poor mineral nutrient availability, particularly N and P, constitutes a major constraint in crop production.The application of inorganic fertilizer is not always possible for resource-poor farmers. The inclusion of grain legumes with a capacity for high N2 fixation is a promising approach to alleviate nutrient deficiency and increases crop productivity. This study evaluated the effects of rhizobial inoculation an P fertilisation on yield components, symbiotic performance, C accumulation and phosphatase enzyme activity in the rhizosphere and plant organ of common bean varieties in Ethiopia.
Book Synopsis Polyploidy and Hybridization for Crop Improvement by : Annaliese S. Mason
Download or read book Polyploidy and Hybridization for Crop Improvement written by Annaliese S. Mason and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2017-11-22 with total page 337 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Many of our current agricultural crops are natural or agricultural hybrids (between two or more species), or polyploids (containing more than one genome or set of chromosomes). These include potato, oats, cotton, oilseed rape, wheat, strawberries, kiwifruit, banana, seedless watermelon, triticale and many others. Polyploidy and hybridization can also be used for crop improvement: for example, to introgress disease resistance from wild species into crops, to produce seedless fruits for human consumption, or even to create entirely new crop types. Some crop genera have hundreds of years of interspecific hybridization and ploidy manipulation behind them, while in other genera use of these evolutionary processes for crop improvement is still at the theoretical stage. This book brings together stories and examples by expert researchers and breeders working in diverse crop genera, and details how polyploidy and hybridization processes have shaped our current crops, how these processes have been utilized for crop improvement in the past, and how polyploidy and interspecific hybridization can be used for crop improvement in the future.
Book Synopsis Managing Nutrient Cycles to Sustain Soil Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa by : André Bationo
Download or read book Managing Nutrient Cycles to Sustain Soil Fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa written by André Bationo and published by CIAT. This book was released on 2004 with total page 632 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Nitrogen Fixation in Tropical Cropping Systems by : K. E. Giller
Download or read book Nitrogen Fixation in Tropical Cropping Systems written by K. E. Giller and published by CABI. This book was released on 2001 with total page 443 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Nitrogen fixation by leguminous plants is especially important when farmers are trying to minimise fertilizer use for cost or environmental reasons. This second edition of the highly successful book, first published in 1991, contains thoroughly updated and revised material on the theory and practice of nitrogen fixation in tropical cropping systems.
