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Implicit Affect And Alcohol Outcome Expectancies
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Book Synopsis Implicit Affect and Alcohol Outcome Expectancies by : John M. Ray
Download or read book Implicit Affect and Alcohol Outcome Expectancies written by John M. Ray and published by . This book was released on 2010 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Expectancy theory provides a useful framework within which to examine the link between cognitive representations of anticipated alcohol related outcomes and affective processes that ought to shape behavior at the level of implicit, or automatic, processing. The role of affect in alcohol expectancies is an important one as it reflects the approach-avoid contingency associated with reward learning presumed to underlie addictive processes. This study examined the relationship between affect and expectancy operation by using suboptimally presented alcohol related cues to prime affectively congruent evaluations of otherwise unrelated targets. Hypotheses predicted that drinkers who reported higher positive and arousing expectancies for alcohol outcomes would make affective evaluations (but not semantic categorizations) more accurately when target stimuli were preceded with an alcohol picture or word prime. Analysis of drinking and expectancy variables revealed positive relationships between drinking frequency and social/physical pleasure expectancies, as well as tension reduction expectancies. No relationships were found between drinking quantity and expectancies. Evaluation response accuracy was not related to alcohol expectancies. Discussion centers on potential reasons for lack of findings, including experimenter error and design limitations.
Book Synopsis How are Sensation Seeking, Positive Alcohol Outcome Expectancies and Implicit Attitudes Towards Alcohol Linked to the Severity of Alcohol Use Disorders? by : Anna Burkert
Download or read book How are Sensation Seeking, Positive Alcohol Outcome Expectancies and Implicit Attitudes Towards Alcohol Linked to the Severity of Alcohol Use Disorders? written by Anna Burkert and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Alcohol Outcome Expectancies by : Mark D. Wood
Download or read book Alcohol Outcome Expectancies written by Mark D. Wood and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Implicit Cognition and Addiction by : Reinout W. Wiers
Download or read book Handbook of Implicit Cognition and Addiction written by Reinout W. Wiers and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2006 with total page 568 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: 'Handbook of Implicit Cognition and Addiction' brings together developments in basic research on implicit cognition with recent developments in addiction research, thus providing an opportunity to move the field forward by integrating research from previously independent fields.
Book Synopsis Examining the Distinction and Concordance Between Implicit Measures of Alcohol Expectancies by : Maureen C. Below
Download or read book Examining the Distinction and Concordance Between Implicit Measures of Alcohol Expectancies written by Maureen C. Below and published by . This book was released on 2007 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT: Alcohol expectancies have traditionally been measured with explicit self-report questionnaires, but in recent years implicit measures have also been used to explore the tenets of expectancy theory. The basic psychometric properties of reliability and validity have not been established for most implicit tasks, and the convergent validity of different implicit measures has not been explored. Despite these shortcomings, many researchers continue to treat implicit tasks as reliable and valid assessment tools. To address reliability and validity of implicit measures, 218 undergraduate women and men were recruited from the University of South Florida to examine the psychometric properties of and concordance between two previously established implicit measures, Free Associates(FA) and a Primed Recall (PR) task. The FA task was replicated, demonstrating high concordance between FA responses and explicit measures and drinking. The PR task did not show a drinker-type effect as was previously reported. Though the relationship between the tasks could not be examined, an exploration of practice and contamination effects offers insight into how performance in similar comparison studies may be affected.
Book Synopsis Negative Urgency's Influence on State-level, Emotion-based Changes in Alcohol-related Cognitions by : Noah Wolkowicz
Download or read book Negative Urgency's Influence on State-level, Emotion-based Changes in Alcohol-related Cognitions written by Noah Wolkowicz and published by . This book was released on 2021 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This project expanded on the Acquired Preparedness Model of Risk (APMR) by examining how Negative Urgency (NU), the tendency to act rashly in negative emotional states, affects emotion-based changes in alcohol cognitions to produce risk for alcohol use. The APMR prioritizes the role of outcome expectancies as the means through which traits such as NU, convey alcohol use risk. However, this model treats these cognitions as static and often fails to assess their valence; further, alcohol-cognitions fluctuate in response to negative emotions and may become more salient during these states. Therefore, this study examined: 1) how NU impacts negative emotion-based, state-level changes in alcohol outcome expectancies and their valuations and 2) how these changes predicted alcohol consumption in a restricted ad-libitum taste teste paradigm. Using a quasi-experimental, mixed-factor design, adults 21 or older (N = 84) who met cutoffs for "high" or "low" NU groups underwent a negative mood induction with pre- and post-measures of alcohol-related cognitions. Immediately following, participants completed an ad-libitum alcohol taste-test. It was hypothesized that individuals high (vs. low) in NU, post-mood induction, would demonstrate greater increases of reported positive alcohol expectancies and positive/negative alcohol valuations. Additionally, it was hypothesized that high NU individuals would consume more alcohol and that such consumption would be mediated by emotion-based increases in alcohol cognitions. Contrary to hypotheses, higher levels of NU did not produce greater increases in alcohol cognitions, despite general increases due to negative emotional state. NU was also unassociated with alcohol consumption and emotion-based changes in alcohol cognitions did not mediate NU's connection to alcohol consumption. Such findings broadly suggest lower level processes (e.g., implicit alcohol cognitions, attentional biases) convey NU's risk for alcohol use at a state-level, while explicit alcohol cognitions convey such risk over time.
Book Synopsis The Effects of an Explicit Alcohol Expectancy Challenge on Drinking Behavior and Positive Outcome Expectancies by : William Robert Corbin
Download or read book The Effects of an Explicit Alcohol Expectancy Challenge on Drinking Behavior and Positive Outcome Expectancies written by William Robert Corbin and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis How Expectancies Shape Experience by : Irving Kirsch
Download or read book How Expectancies Shape Experience written by Irving Kirsch and published by Amer Psychological Assn. This book was released on 1999-01-01 with total page 431 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In this volume the editor brings together prominent scientists who have studied response expectancies--people's beliefs about their own emotional and physical reactions--in human function and dysfunction over the past decade and leading practitioners who have applied these findings to enhance the effectiveness of pharmacological and psychological treatments. In this book, they extend the understanding of how response expectancies account for symptom maintenance, motivation, and change in such diverse areas as asthma, substance abuse, sexual dysfunction, and smoking; they explain both positive and negative mood states and coping. Their surprising findings point to expectancy modification as a key to enhancing effectiveness of treatment and prevention across settings and theoretical orientations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2004 APA, all rights reserved).
Author :National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher :National Academies Press ISBN 13 :0309452961 Total Pages :583 pages Book Rating :4.3/5 (94 download)
Book Synopsis Communities in Action by : National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Download or read book Communities in Action written by National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2017-04-27 with total page 583 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the United States, some populations suffer from far greater disparities in health than others. Those disparities are caused not only by fundamental differences in health status across segments of the population, but also because of inequities in factors that impact health status, so-called determinants of health. Only part of an individual's health status depends on his or her behavior and choice; community-wide problems like poverty, unemployment, poor education, inadequate housing, poor public transportation, interpersonal violence, and decaying neighborhoods also contribute to health inequities, as well as the historic and ongoing interplay of structures, policies, and norms that shape lives. When these factors are not optimal in a community, it does not mean they are intractable: such inequities can be mitigated by social policies that can shape health in powerful ways. Communities in Action: Pathways to Health Equity seeks to delineate the causes of and the solutions to health inequities in the United States. This report focuses on what communities can do to promote health equity, what actions are needed by the many and varied stakeholders that are part of communities or support them, as well as the root causes and structural barriers that need to be overcome.
Book Synopsis Psychological Theories of Drinking and Alcoholism by : Kenneth E. Leonard
Download or read book Psychological Theories of Drinking and Alcoholism written by Kenneth E. Leonard and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 1999-05-21 with total page 500 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Updating and expanding the classic Psychological Theories of Drinking and Alcoholism, this fully revised second edition incorporates state-of-the-art presentations from leaders in the alcoholism field. Contributors review established and emerging approaches that guide research into the psychological processes influencing drinking and alcoholism. The volume's multidisciplinary approach also takes into account biological, pharmacological, and social factors, offering important insights into the development and escalation of drinking problems and the various approaches to treatment. Including significantly expanded coverage of developmental, social learning, and cognitive theories, the book features new chapters on genetics, neurobiology, and emotions.
Book Synopsis Monitoring the Future, National Survey Results on Drug Use by :
Download or read book Monitoring the Future, National Survey Results on Drug Use written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Handbook of Implicit Social Cognition by : Bertram Gawronski
Download or read book Handbook of Implicit Social Cognition written by Bertram Gawronski and published by Guilford Press. This book was released on 2011-07-06 with total page 609 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Virtually every question in social psychology is currently being shaped by the concepts and methods of implicit social cognition. This tightly edited volume provides the first comprehensive overview of the field. Foremost authorities synthesize the latest findings on how automatic, implicit, and unconscious cognitive processes influence social judgments and behavior. Cutting-edge theories and data are presented in such crucial areas as attitudes, prejudice and stereotyping, self-esteem, self-concepts, close relationships, and morality. Describing state-of-the-art measurement procedures and research designs, the book discusses promising applications in clinical, forensic, and other real-world contexts. Each chapter both sums up what is known and identifies key directions for future research.
Book Synopsis The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Addiction Psychopharmacology by : James MacKillop
Download or read book The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Addiction Psychopharmacology written by James MacKillop and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-01-02 with total page 794 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Much of our scientific effort in tackling the multifactorial nature of addiction has taken place within individual disciplines. However, it has become increasingly clear that the complexity of addiction requires an integrated approach. This Handbook is timely and exceptional, intelligently combining the latest research approaches and applying them to understanding and tackling the prodigious public health burden of addiction. An authoritative resource, it establishes a comprehensive framework that will guide the field in the next era of addiction research.” John F. Kelly, PhD, President Elect, Society of Addiction Psychology, American Psychological Association; Associate Professor in Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School; Director, Addiction Recovery Management Service, Massachusetts General Hospital The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Addiction Psychopharmacology presents a comprehensive guide to contemporary research approaches to the study of drug addiction in adults. With a focus on empirically relevant research methods and nuanced methodologies, it provides practical tools to enable strong psychopharmacological practices. Contributions from experts in diverse domains offer reviews of the most current experimental methodologies, make recommendations for “best practices,” and identify future directions for the field. Topics covered include core methods for assessing drug effects, distal and proximal determinants of drug use, and insights from cognitive neuroscience. Compiled by a team of widely published researchers in substance addiction, The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Addiction Psychopharmacology is an authoritative, state-of-the-art collection of modern research approaches to the scientific study of drug addiction. Its multidisciplinary approach makes it a comprehensive and invaluable resource for all those in this field.
Book Synopsis The SAGE Handbook of Applied Social Psychology by : Kieran C. O′Doherty
Download or read book The SAGE Handbook of Applied Social Psychology written by Kieran C. O′Doherty and published by SAGE. This book was released on 2019-01-14 with total page 1025 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the present epoch of global change, movement, interconnection and the intensification of social issues within and across many societies, applied social psychology is more relevant than ever. The SAGE Handbook of Applied Social Psychology offers an overview of the field and the disparate and evolving approaches. Through an international team of contributors, the handbook brings prominent research literature together and organises it around ten key areas: Part 01: Culture, race, indigeneity Part 02: Gender & Sexuality Part 03: Politics Part 04: Health and mental health Part 05: Work Part 06: Ageing Part 07: Communication Part 08: Education Part 09: Environment Part 10: Criminal Justice, Law, & Crime This handbook is a uniting and invigorating resource for the field of Applied Social Psychology.
Book Synopsis Mind-Altering Drugs by : Mitch Earleywine
Download or read book Mind-Altering Drugs written by Mitch Earleywine and published by Oxford University Press. This book was released on 2005-04-14 with total page 413 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: At least one of every three Americans has used an illicit drug. Drugs attract considerable attention in science, legislation, and the media. Nonetheless, many people develop attitudes about drugs and drug users based on limited information. Researchers often find themselves divided into camps based on the drug they study most often, which limits their ability to benefit from important work done on other drugs. As a result, government policies form without a complete understanding of the intoxication experience. What is the nature of intoxication? At first, this question appears to be simple and straightforward, but upon closer inspection, the dichotomous distinctions between everyday awareness and its alternatives grow fuzzy. An in-depth examination of the subjective effects of drugs and the pursuit of altered states soon leads to age-old questions about free will, heredity, environment, and consciousness. Mind-Altering Drugs is the first book to bring together chapters from leading researchers that present diverse, empirically based insights into the subjective experiences of drugs a nd their links to addictive potential. By avoiding simple depictions of psychoactive chemicals and the people who use them, these recognized experts explain how modern research in many fields reveals a complex interaction between people, situations, and substances. Their work demonstrates that only a multitude of approaches can show the nuances of subjective experience, and that each substance may create a different effect with every administration in each user. Simple references to physiological underpinnings or positive reinforcement fail to explain the diverse responses to drugs. However, research has progressed to reveal broad, repeatable evidence that the subjective effects of substances play an important role in our understanding of drug abuse, and so should inform our decisions about policy. This thorough and accessible review of the subjective effects of drugs and the dominant theories behind those effects will provide a wealth of information about the experience of intoxication for lay readers, and a road map to studies in other disciples for student and professional researchers.
Book Synopsis Cognition and Addiction by : Marcus Munafò
Download or read book Cognition and Addiction written by Marcus Munafò and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 330 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It is only recently that the cognitive aspects of addictive behaviors have begun to be investigated by experimental psychologists and neuroscientists. This is the first book to investigate the complex inter-play of cognitive mechanisms that subserve subjective experiences associated with addiction, such as drug craving, as well as relapse.
Book Synopsis Binge Drinking and Alcohol Misuse Among College Students and Young Adults by : Rachel Winograd
Download or read book Binge Drinking and Alcohol Misuse Among College Students and Young Adults written by Rachel Winograd and published by Hogrefe Publishing GmbH. This book was released on 2015-04-20 with total page 167 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book provides clear guidance about effective, evidence-based approaches to treating alcohol misuse in young adults. Heavy drinking – and its associated problems – are an integral part of many college students' and other young adults' lives. Though some young drinkers are able to consume alcohol without incident, many face significant negative fallout from their excessive consumption. This volume in the series Advances in Psychotherapy: Evidence-Based Practice describes the nature of alcohol misuse, its epidemiology, its causes, and methods for treatment, specifically as they pertain to college students and other young adults. It provides practitioners and trainees with a range of evidence-based treatment approaches to help clients change their alcohol use habits. The information presented is both thorough and concise and will help readers with varied backgrounds and experience improve their understanding of the many nuanced factors involved in assessing and treating problematic drinking in young adults.
