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Implementing Results Oriented Trade Policies
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Book Synopsis Implementing Results-oriented Trade Policies by : Kala Krishna
Download or read book Implementing Results-oriented Trade Policies written by Kala Krishna and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 68 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Why would the US threaten punitive tariffs on luxury autos to implement a market share target in auto parts? We show that by making threats to a linked market, a market share may be implemented with fairly weak informa- tional and administrative requirements. Moreover, such policies can be both pro-competitive and advatageous to US firms.
Book Synopsis Implementing Results-Oriented Trade Policies by : Kala Krishna
Download or read book Implementing Results-Oriented Trade Policies written by Kala Krishna and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper addresses the following two questions: 1) Is the threat of punitive tariffs on Japanese auto manufacturers (who purchase auto parts in Japan) sufficient to implement the market share target in auto parts, and 2)What policy or set of policies should the U.S. adopt to achieve the target (in auto parts) without the influence of the Japanese government? The model developed in this paper highlights linkages between markets and shows when a credible threat of punitive tariffs on automobile producers who purchase goods in the auto parts market is sufficient to implement the market share policy. The advantages of using such a mechanism as punitive threats are substantial. In the parlance of international trade, the market share or quantity targets represent a results-oriented trade policy; one which favors desired outcome or result, over the power of the tools used to produce implementation. A results-oriented trade policy specifies the market share target only, leaving the implementation to the discretion of the countries entering into agreement. The details of implementation significantly impact the distribution of gains and losses among those affected. There is a threefold advantage to the use of threats to linked markets. First, such threats result in self-enforcing agreements, second, they encourage competition, and finally, they do not allow the implementation procedure to be chosen in a way which facilitates (in this case, Japanese) interests at the expense of U.S. firms. In contrast to current papers which mainly examine how imposition of market share targets might be achieved through tariffs, subsidies and the like, which affect the targeted market directly, this paper examines imposition via threats in a linked market, such as the affect of threats to impose tariffs in the automobile market on the behavior of firms in the auto parts market. The threat of tariffs in the auto market is shown to sufficiently induce competitors to adhere to market share requirement. The two crucial elements affecting this result are linked markets and threats of sufficient import to induce the desired result.
Book Synopsis A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis by : Marc Bacchetta
Download or read book A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis written by Marc Bacchetta and published by . This book was released on 2012 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Trade flows and trade policies need to be properly quantified to describe, compare, or follow the evolution of policies between sectors or countries or over time. This is essential to ensure that policy choices are made with an appropriate knowledge of the real conditions. This practical guide introduces the main techniques of trade and trade policy data analysis. It shows how to develop the main indexes used to analyze trade flows, tariff structures, and non-tariff measures. It presents the databases needed to construct these indexes as well as the challenges faced in collecting and processing these data, such as measurement errors or aggregation bias. Written by experts with practical experience in the field, A Practical Guide to Trade Policy Analysis has been developed to contribute to enhance developing countries' capacity to analyze and implement trade policy. It offers a hands-on introduction on how to estimate the distributional effects of trade policies on welfare, in particular on inequality and poverty. The guide is aimed at government experts engaged in trade negotiations, as well as students and researchers involved in trade-related study or research. An accompanying DVD contains data sets and program command files required for the exercises. Copublished by the WTO and the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
Book Synopsis Results-oriented Trade Policy by : Wilfred Ethier
Download or read book Results-oriented Trade Policy written by Wilfred Ethier and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 24 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of U.S. Trade Protection and Promotion Policies by : Robert C. Feenstra
Download or read book The Effects of U.S. Trade Protection and Promotion Policies written by Robert C. Feenstra and published by University of Chicago Press. This book was released on 2008-04-15 with total page 368 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Economists disagree on whether recent U.S. trade policies are harmful or helpful, but they all agree that there is a new trend toward focusing on results-oriented policies in specific markets and with particular trading partners. These twelve essays by leading international economists explore crucial issues in U.S. trade policy today. Topics examined include the markets for automobile and automobile parts in the United States and Japan, the U.S. response to "unfair" trading practices such as dumping, and the effects of industry- and country-specific policies. Examples include high-technology and agricultural industries and off-shore assembly in U.S. border cities. The volume concludes that some policies can act to both protect imports and promote exports, that the threat of protectionist policies can often have effects that are as pronounced as their implementation, and that regulatory policy has as great an impact on trade and investment patterns as does trade policy itself. It will be of crucial interest to international trade economists, policy specialists, and political scientists.
Download or read book Rags and Riches written by Kala Krishna and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1998 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) is among the most important nontariff trade barriers facing developing countries today. Here the authors endeavor to fill several gaps in the literature on the MFA. Citing specific examples, they demonstrate how quota implementation begins with an initial regulatory system that becomes increasingly complex and discretionary as rules are changed and new ones added.
Book Synopsis Global Trade Policy by : Pamela J. Smith
Download or read book Global Trade Policy written by Pamela J. Smith and published by John Wiley & Sons. This book was released on 2013-07-09 with total page 297 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Using a unique, question-based format, Global Trade Policy offers accessible coverage of the key questions in trade and policy; it charts the changing policy landscape and evolving institutional arrangements for trade policies, examines trade theory, and provides students with an economic framework to better understand the current issues in national and international trade policy. Uses a unique, question-based format to explore the questions and current debates in international trade policy and their implications Explores trade theory to help guide discussions of trade policy, including traditional theories of inter-industry trade, as well as newer theories of intra-industry and intra-firm trade Examines the national and international effects of widely used policies designed to directly and indirectly affect trade, and considers the evolving institutional arrangements for these Charts the changing policy landscape from traditional trade policies – such as tariffs, quantitative restrictions, and export subsidies – to those including intellectual property rights, labor, the environment, and growth and development policies Covers national as well as global perspectives and their interaction, helping to explain opposing views on trade policy and liberalization Includes applied exercises enabling students to explore open-ended and realistic questions of policy debate, making it ideal for classroom use; an instructor’s manual and a range of other resources are available at www.wiley.com/go/globaltradepolicy
Book Synopsis Ten Steps to a Results-based Monitoring and Evaluation System by : Jody Zall Kusek
Download or read book Ten Steps to a Results-based Monitoring and Evaluation System written by Jody Zall Kusek and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 2004-06-15 with total page 270 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: An effective state is essential to achieving socio-economic and sustainable development. With the advent of globalization, there are growing pressures on governments and organizations around the world to be more responsive to the demands of internal and external stakeholders for good governance, accountability and transparency, greater development effectiveness, and delivery of tangible results. Governments, parliaments, citizens, the private sector, NGOs, civil society, international organizations and donors are among the stakeholders interested in better performance. As demands for greater accountability and real results have increased, there is an attendant need for enhanced results-based monitoring and evaluation of policies, programs, and projects. This Handbook provides a comprehensive ten-step model that will help guide development practitioners through the process of designing and building a results-based monitoring and evaluation system. These steps begin with a OC Readiness AssessmentOCO and take the practitioner through the design, management, and importantly, the sustainability of such systems. The Handbook describes each step in detail, the tasks needed to complete each one, and the tools available to help along the way."
Book Synopsis International Trade by : Luis Rivera-Batiz
Download or read book International Trade written by Luis Rivera-Batiz and published by OUP Oxford. This book was released on 2003 with total page 734 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This title offers an integrated account of strategic trade analysis, combined with empirical evidence and new results. It addresses the need to synthesize and integrate the new advances in a field that has become a key element of policy discussions.
Book Synopsis Trade Policy Agenda and ... Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program by : United States. Office of the U.S. Trade Representative
Download or read book Trade Policy Agenda and ... Annual Report of the President of the United States on the Trade Agreements Program written by United States. Office of the U.S. Trade Representative and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 260 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Trading Blows written by James Shoch and published by Univ of North Carolina Press. This book was released on 2003-01-14 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For the past two decades, trade policy has been high on the American political agenda, thanks to the growing integration of the United States into the global economy and the wealth of debate this development has sparked. Although scholars have explored many aspects of U.S. trade policy, there has been little study of the role played by party politics. With Trading Blows, James Shoch fills that gap. Shoch offers detailed case studies of almost all of the major trade issues of the Reagan, Bush, and Clinton eras, including administrative and legislative efforts to curb auto, steel, and other imports and to open up markets in Japan and elsewhere, as well as free-trade initiatives such as the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) treaty that concluded the Uruguay Round of international trade talks, the extension of presidential fast-track trade negotiating authority, and the approval of permanent normal trade relations with China. In so doing, he explains the complex patterns of party competition over U.S. trade policy since 1980 and demonstrates the significant impact that party politics has had on the nation's recent trade policy decisions.
Book Synopsis Openness, Outward Orientation, Trade Liberalization and Economic Performance in Developing Countries by : Sebastian Edwards
Download or read book Openness, Outward Orientation, Trade Liberalization and Economic Performance in Developing Countries written by Sebastian Edwards and published by . This book was released on 1989 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This paper deals with the role of trade regimes in determining economic performance and growth in the developing countries. The policy and empirical literatures on trade orientation and economic growth are critically reviewed; it is argued that a key limitation of these works has been the inability to create measures of trade orientation that are: (i) objective; (ii) continuous and (iii) comparable across countries. A growth model that relates trade orientation to the ability to absorb technological progress from the rest of the world is developed for the case of a small country. The model is tested using a new index of trade orientation that is free from the limitations described above. The results obtained using a cross country data set provide strong support to the hypothesis that, with other things given, countries with a less distorted external sector grow faster than those countries with a more distorted external sector. The new theories of economic growth are also discussed, and their usefulness for analyzing the relation between trade orientation and growth in the developing countries is assessed.
Book Synopsis Best Practices in Trade Policy Reform by : Vinod Thomas
Download or read book Best Practices in Trade Policy Reform written by Vinod Thomas and published by World Bank Publications. This book was released on 1991 with total page 258 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: It was recognized by many developing countries in the 1980s that integration with the global economy is necessary for economic development and technological progress. Efforts to liberalize trade were controversial. A unique body of evidence on developing country trade liberalization will examine why outcomes have varied from one country to another. The political economy of trade liberalization and the interaction among trade and domestic reform, macro-economic stability, and export development is examined using: (a) cross-sectional data, (b) country studies, (c) and interviews. The sequencing of reforms and implications for multilateral trade negotiations, foreign direct investment, and regional integration schemes is an additional consideration. The emphasis is on practical problems-economic and political-and recommendations of how policies can be designed and implemented to yield stronger and more sustainable results.
Book Synopsis New Directions in Trade Theory by : James Levinsohn
Download or read book New Directions in Trade Theory written by James Levinsohn and published by University of Michigan Press. This book was released on 1995 with total page 428 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Develops ideas and offers new approaches to the topic of trade theory.
Book Synopsis Trade Agreements Resulting from the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations by : United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means
Download or read book Trade Agreements Resulting from the Uruguay Round of Multilateral Trade Negotiations written by United States. Congress. House. Committee on Ways and Means and published by . This book was released on 1994 with total page 860 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade Publisher : ISBN 13 : Total Pages :50 pages Book Rating :4.F/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Trade Agreements Compliance Act by : United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade
Download or read book Trade Agreements Compliance Act written by United States. Congress. Senate. Committee on Finance. Subcommittee on International Trade and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Effects of General Policy Uncertainty on Trade Flows and U.S. Wages by : Tian Liu
Download or read book The Effects of General Policy Uncertainty on Trade Flows and U.S. Wages written by Tian Liu and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation consists of three essays at the crossroads of international trade and the labor market. We measure the degree of uncertainty using a general and well-established methodology based on Baker et al. (2016). We investigate the degree to which trade policy uncertainty (TPU) at the industry-country-year level affects the global trade flows of major importers and exporters (e.g., the U.S., Canada, China, Mexico, and the European Union). Similarly, we construct the U.S. index of economic uncertainty at the industry-year level to investigate its effects on U.S. wages. In the first essay, we use a text-mining approach to construct a general index of trade policy uncertainty (TPU) for the U.S. and some of its main trade partners. This TPU index captures uncertainty on U.S. trade policy at a very detailed level (partner and industry levels) from 2001 to 2017 based on US trade-related news information. It's general, thereby enabling us to control for uncertainty relative to the use of highly-regulated tariff barriers under the WTO, temporary trade barriers (TTB), export restrictions, and potential reinterpretations of trade-related national security concerns, among others. Results suggest that a one-standard-deviation increase in policy uncertainty tends to decrease U.S. imports by 1.14 percent. In contrast, uncertainty on the trade policy applied by U.S. trade partners tends to reduce U.S. exports only to markets where the importers display a significant market power level. The results also show that the effects of trade policy uncertainty are mitigated with the formation of preferential trade arrangements (PTAs). In the second essay, motivated by the important findings of U.S. TPU effects on U.S. trade flows, we extend the study to another four markets, namely, Canada, Mexico, China, and the European Union, and their trade partners. We construct a TPU index for each of these four markets based on their news information using the same method applied to the first essay. Again, this TPU index captures uncertainty on the trade policies of these four markets at the importer-exporter-industry level from 2001 to 2017. The primary findings of the second essay are very much in line with the previous results. Uncertainty on the trade policy implemented by Canada, Mexico, China, and the EU tends to lower their imports. Specifically, a one-standard-deviation increase in policy uncertainty is associated with a decline of 0.71 percent in their imports. Moreover, uncertainty on the trade policy applied by the trade partners of these four groups is more likely to reduce their exports. Specifically, a one-standard-deviation increase in TPU leads to a decline of 0.62 percent in these four markets' exports. The impact of trade policy uncertainty on imports and exports for each of the four markets is also negative. In addition, PTAs tend to mitigate the negative effect of trade uncertainties on these four markets' trade flows. In the third essay, we study the reaction of the labor market to the economic uncertainty in the U.S. We specifically construct the U.S. economic uncertainty index with the same method we used to create the TPU in the previous two chapters on wages. The economic uncertainty index is generated based on U.S. economic-related news information that captures uncertainty on U.S. economic events and policies at the industry level from 2001 to 2018. Interestingly, the increase in economic uncertainty is likely to reduce wages in the U.S. labor market. Our result shows that the total effects of the concurrent and lagged economic uncertainty indexes cause a decline in wages by 2.12 percent. We also get plausible results by constructing alternative U.S. economic uncertainty indices using 1) newspapers released by other countries and 2) other countries' economic uncertainty indexes as instruments.
