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Implementation Of Intersection Management Algorithm Considering Autonomous And Connected Vehicles
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Book Synopsis Implementation of Intersection Management Algorithm Considering Autonomous and Connected Vehicles by : Maninder Singh
Download or read book Implementation of Intersection Management Algorithm Considering Autonomous and Connected Vehicles written by Maninder Singh and published by . This book was released on 2013 with total page 58 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autonomous vehicle development is on its peak these days. The thought of having self-driving cars is close to fruition. A lot of work has been done in the last decade in the field of Autonomous Systems. There are cars that can drive better than humans on highways. They allow for higher speed and safety. But infrastructure does not exist that is friendly to autonomous vehicles such as at intersections. Autonomous vehicles cannot use existing infrastructure to operate efficiently as the current infrastructure has been designed keeping human driven vehicles in mind. New algorithms need to be developed which will allow autonomous vehicles to use existing infrastructure without entirely changing the infrastructure. In this way both human driven and autonomous vehicles can use the infrastructure and human driven vehicles can also take advantage of developments done in the autonomous vehicle field. This can be achieved using smarter intersections which can communicate with the vehicles using vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication and can use the data from the vehicles to optimize signal phase and timing. Additionally such an intersection can also control the flow of traffic by controlling the speed of vehicles.
Book Synopsis Traffic Signal Control in a Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment Considering Pedestrians by : Xiao Liang
Download or read book Traffic Signal Control in a Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Environment Considering Pedestrians written by Xiao Liang and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Traffic signals help to maintain order in urban traffic networks and reduce vehicle conflicts by dynamically assigning right-of-way to different vehicle movements. However, by temporarily stopping vehicle movements at regular intervals, traffic signals are a major source of urban congestion and cause increased vehicle delay, fuel consumption, and environmental pollution. Connected and Autonomous Vehicle technology may be utilized to optimize traffic operations at signalized intersections, since connected vehicles have the ability to communicate with the surrounding infrastructure and autonomous vehicles can follow the instructions from the signal or a central control system. Connected vehicle information received by a signal controller can be used to help adjust signal timings to tailor to the specific dynamic vehicle demand. Information about the signal timing plan can then be communicated back to the vehicles so that they can adjust their speeds/trajectories to further improve traffic operations. Based on a thorough literature review of existing studies in the area of signal control utilizing information from connected and autonomous vehicles, three research gaps are found: 1) application are limited to unrealistic intersection configurations; 2) methods are limited to a single mode; or, 3) methods only optimize the average value of measure of effectiveness while ignoring the distribution among vehicles. As a part of this dissertation, several methods will be proposed to increase computational efficiency of an existing CAV-based joint signal timing and vehicle trajectory optimization algorithm so that it can be applied to more realistic intersection settings without adding computational burden. Doing so requires the creation of new methods to accommodate features like multiple lanes on each approach, more than two approaches and turning maneuvers. Methods to incorporate human-driven cooperative vehicles and pedestrians are also proposed and tested. A more equitable traffic signal control method is also designed.
Book Synopsis A CENTRALIZED COOPERATIVE DRIVING ALGORITHM FOR NON-SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS. by : Ting Xu
Download or read book A CENTRALIZED COOPERATIVE DRIVING ALGORITHM FOR NON-SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS. written by Ting Xu and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) provide the opportunity for signal-free intersection navigation. This thesis introduces and demonstrates a centralized cooperative driving algorithm that considers two vehicles approaching a non-signalized multi-way intersection where the safe traversal can be negotiated. It is assumed that the incoming and outgoing directions are known, and individual vehicle velocities are controllable within a specified range of acceleration and for a specified range from the intersection.The proposed algorithm is developed by first considering the time-space interval of possible intersections between the vehicles. This leads to the development of a set of collision patterns that predict intersection situations that do not need to be negotiated. It is shown that these patterns extend readily from two-way intersections to eight-way intersections. In cases where path conflicts are detected within the intersection, the algorithm seeks to minimize the complexity of multi-vehicle coordination by preventing any speed deviation of the first vehicle passing through the intersection. The proposed solution in the algorithm is to redesign velocity profiles of the second vehicle arriving at the intersection, thereby avoiding any interference in the planned trajectory of the first vehicle.The algorithm is agnostic to the number of directions in/out of the intersection, and is readily generalized for ranges in acceleration limits and interaction ranges between vehicles. Based on the different cases where two vehicles original trajectories can cause potential collisions, simulation results show the effectiveness of the algorithm under different approaches, such as allowable velocity ranges, accelerations, and minimum algorithm starting distances.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Vehicle Decision Making at Intersection Using Game Theory by : Abdullah Baz
Download or read book Autonomous Vehicle Decision Making at Intersection Using Game Theory written by Abdullah Baz and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 98 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: One of the most critical subjects in Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) nowadays is the autonomous vehicle (AV). It is rapidly improving, and it will have a substantial positive effect on traffic safety and efficiency. Most of auto manufacturer companies and tech industries are spending a lot of money on research for developing autonomous vehicles. AV would have an excellent contribution to managing and controlling intersections. This study introduces a decision-making algorithm for autonomous vehicles at an intersection to optimize the intersection capacity and minimize delay time by using Game Theory mathematical models. This model using vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) communication features that will be available in AV so that vehicles are able to communicate with roadside unit (RSU) and with each other to determine which one goes first, depending on different factors such as their speeds and locations, and vehicle size, taking in consideration the safety of the vehicles so we can have collision free intersection. Two different mathematical models were developed; one with %100 autonomous vehicles and the other one is when we have mix traffic, autonomous vehicles, and ordinary vehicles. A simulation model was developed using a standard microscopic simulation platform VISSIM to implement this algorithm. A comparison of the proposed method and two other ordinary intersection control method; traffic lights, and roundabout was made to calculate the total delay of the intersection for each intersection management method. The simulation ran on three different traffic volume, High, moderate, and low volume. Moreover, three different speeds for each traffic volume. The results shows that the proposed system reduces the total delay by more than 65 percent compared with the roundabout, and about 85 percent comparing with a signalized intersection. Another simulation was done for the second scenario, mixed traffic, also a comparison between the proposed methods; roundabout, and the signalized intersection was made for the same cases of various speeds and volume. For model two, results show 30% reduction in delay compared to the roundabout and 89% compared to signalized intersections.
Book Synopsis Towards Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Highways by : Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid
Download or read book Towards Connected and Autonomous Vehicle Highways written by Umar Zakir Abdul Hamid and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-06-17 with total page 345 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book combines comprehensive multi-angle discussions on fully connected and automated vehicle highway implementation. It covers the current progress of the works towards autonomous vehicle highway development, which encompasses the discussion on the technical, social, and policy as well as security aspects of Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) topics. This, in return, will be beneficial to a vast amount of readers who are interested in the topics of CAV, Automated Highway and Smart City, among many others. Topics include, but are not limited to, Autonomous Vehicle in the Smart City, Automated Highway, Smart-Cities Transportation, Mobility as a Service, Intelligent Transportation Systems, Data Management of Connected and Autonomous Vehicle, Autonomous Trucks, and Autonomous Freight Transportation. Brings together contributions discussing the latest research in full automated highway implementation; Discusses topics such as autonomous vehicles, intelligent transportation systems, and smart highways; Features contributions from researchers, academics, and professionals from a broad perspective.
Book Synopsis Improving Intersection Safety Through Variable Speed Limits for Connected Vehicles by : Michael W. Levin
Download or read book Improving Intersection Safety Through Variable Speed Limits for Connected Vehicles written by Michael W. Levin and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 34 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Autonomous vehicles create new opportunities for innovative intelligent traffic systems. Variable speed limits, which is a speed management systems that can adjust the speed limit according to traffic condition or predefined speed control algorithm on different road segments, can be better implemented with the cooperation of autonomous vehicles. These compliant vehicles can automatically follow speed limits. However, non-compliant vehicles will attempt to pass the moving bottleneck created by the compliant vehicle. This project builds a multi class cell transmission model to represent the relation between traffic flow parameters. This model can calculate flows of both compliant and non-compliant vehicles. An algorithm is proposed to calculate variable speed limits for each cell of the cell transmission model. This control algorithm is designed to reduce the stop-and-go behavior of vehicles at traffic signals. Simulation is used to test the effects of VSLs on an example network. The result shows that VSL is effective at reducing the energy consumption of the whole system and reduce the likelihood of crash occurrence.
Book Synopsis Decision-making Strategies for Automated Driving in Urban Environments by : Antonio Artuñedo
Download or read book Decision-making Strategies for Automated Driving in Urban Environments written by Antonio Artuñedo and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-04-25 with total page 205 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book describes an effective decision-making and planning architecture for enhancing the navigation capabilities of automated vehicles in the presence of non-detailed, open-source maps. The system involves dynamically obtaining road corridors from map information and utilizing a camera-based lane detection system to update and enhance the navigable space in order to address the issues of intrinsic uncertainty and low-fidelity. An efficient and human-like local planner then determines, within a probabilistic framework, a safe motion trajectory, ensuring the continuity of the path curvature and limiting longitudinal and lateral accelerations. LiDAR-based perception is then used to identify the driving scenario, and subsequently re-plan the trajectory, leading in some cases to adjustment of the high-level route to reach the given destination. The method has been validated through extensive theoretical and experimental analyses, which are reported here in detail.
Book Synopsis Creating Autonomous Vehicle Systems by : Shaoshan Liu
Download or read book Creating Autonomous Vehicle Systems written by Shaoshan Liu and published by Morgan & Claypool Publishers. This book was released on 2017-10-25 with total page 285 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is the first technical overview of autonomous vehicles written for a general computing and engineering audience. The authors share their practical experiences of creating autonomous vehicle systems. These systems are complex, consisting of three major subsystems: (1) algorithms for localization, perception, and planning and control; (2) client systems, such as the robotics operating system and hardware platform; and (3) the cloud platform, which includes data storage, simulation, high-definition (HD) mapping, and deep learning model training. The algorithm subsystem extracts meaningful information from sensor raw data to understand its environment and make decisions about its actions. The client subsystem integrates these algorithms to meet real-time and reliability requirements. The cloud platform provides offline computing and storage capabilities for autonomous vehicles. Using the cloud platform, we are able to test new algorithms and update the HD map—plus, train better recognition, tracking, and decision models. This book consists of nine chapters. Chapter 1 provides an overview of autonomous vehicle systems; Chapter 2 focuses on localization technologies; Chapter 3 discusses traditional techniques used for perception; Chapter 4 discusses deep learning based techniques for perception; Chapter 5 introduces the planning and control sub-system, especially prediction and routing technologies; Chapter 6 focuses on motion planning and feedback control of the planning and control subsystem; Chapter 7 introduces reinforcement learning-based planning and control; Chapter 8 delves into the details of client systems design; and Chapter 9 provides the details of cloud platforms for autonomous driving. This book should be useful to students, researchers, and practitioners alike. Whether you are an undergraduate or a graduate student interested in autonomous driving, you will find herein a comprehensive overview of the whole autonomous vehicle technology stack. If you are an autonomous driving practitioner, the many practical techniques introduced in this book will be of interest to you. Researchers will also find plenty of references for an effective, deeper exploration of the various technologies.
Book Synopsis Development and Evaluation of Cooperative Intersection Management Algorithm Under Connected Vehicles Environment by : Slobodan Gutesa
Download or read book Development and Evaluation of Cooperative Intersection Management Algorithm Under Connected Vehicles Environment written by Slobodan Gutesa and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 113 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The concept evaluation through microsimulation reveals significant mobility improvements compared to contemporary corridor management approach. The results for selected test-bed locations on signalized arterials in New Jersey reveals up to 19.5 % reduction in overall corridor travel time depending on different market penetration and lane configuration scenario. It is also discovered that operational scenarios with a possibility of utilizing reserved lanes for movement of automated vehicles further increases the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. In addition, the proposed control algorithm is feasible under imperfect C/AV market penetrations showing mobility improvements even with low market penetration rates.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Vehicle Technology by : James M. Anderson
Download or read book Autonomous Vehicle Technology written by James M. Anderson and published by Rand Corporation. This book was released on 2014-01-10 with total page 215 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The automotive industry appears close to substantial change engendered by “self-driving” technologies. This technology offers the possibility of significant benefits to social welfare—saving lives; reducing crashes, congestion, fuel consumption, and pollution; increasing mobility for the disabled; and ultimately improving land use. This report is intended as a guide for state and federal policymakers on the many issues that this technology raises.
Book Synopsis Smart Transport for Cities and Nations by : Christian Claudel
Download or read book Smart Transport for Cities and Nations written by Christian Claudel and published by . This book was released on 2018-06-30 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Autonomous Intersection Management by : Kurt Mauro Dresner
Download or read book Autonomous Intersection Management written by Kurt Mauro Dresner and published by . This book was released on 2009 with total page 396 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Artificial intelligence research is ushering in an era of sophisticated, mass-market transportation technology. While computers can fly a passenger jet better than a human pilot, people still face the dangerous yet tedious task of driving. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) is the field focused on integrating information technology with vehicles and transportation infrastructure. Recent advances in ITS point to a future in which vehicles handle the vast majority of the driving task. Once autonomous vehicles become popular, interactions amongst multiple vehicles will be possible. Current methods of vehicle coordination will be outdated. The bottleneck for efficiency will no longer be drivers, but the mechanism by which those drivers' actions are coordinated. Current methods for controlling traffic cannot exploit the superior capabilities of autonomous vehicles. This thesis describes a novel approach to managing autonomous vehicles at intersections that decreases the amount of time vehicles spend waiting. Drivers and intersections in this mechanism are treated as autonomous agents in a multiagent system. In this system, agents use a new approach built around a detailed communication protocol, which is also a contribution of the thesis. In simulation, I demonstrate that this mechanism can significantly outperform current intersection control technology--traffic signals and stop signs. This thesis makes several contributions beyond the mechanism and protocol. First, it contains a distributed, peer-to-peer version of the protocol for low-traffic intersections. Without any requirement of specialized infrastructure at the intersection, such a system would be inexpensive and easy to deploy at intersections which do not currently require a traffic signal. Second, it presents an analysis of the mechanism's safety, including ways to mitigate some failure modes. Third, it describes a custom simulator, written for this work, which will be made publicly available following the publication of the thesis. Fourth, it explains how the mechanism is "backward-compatible" so that human drivers can use it alongside autonomous vehicles. Fifth, it explores the implications of using the mechanism at multiple proximal intersections. The mechanism, along with all available modes of operation, is implemented and tested in simulation, and I present experimental results that strongly attest to the efficacy of this approach.
Book Synopsis Enhancing the Side to Main Street Merging Using Autonomous Vehicle Technology by : Himani Alisary
Download or read book Enhancing the Side to Main Street Merging Using Autonomous Vehicle Technology written by Himani Alisary and published by . This book was released on 2016 with total page 62 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Experimenting with technology has always contributed immensely to interesting inventions in the field of automation. With the increasing population, the demands associated to transportation needs also increase, the reason why the Transportation Engineers and the respective industries have begun to develop and implement new and innovative ways to help increase the carrying capacities of roads, decrease traffic congestion and vehicle collisions. To help stabilize this impact on the transportation system, the design and development of connected and autonomous vehicles is marking its place in the existence to combat effective traffic management. Automated Vehicle (AV) inventory proves to have fourfold impacts on the traffic flow theory. The traffic flow theory as such comprises of parameters highly influencing the way the A.V. technology is expected to work its best on the local roads. Experiments have begun as early as 1920s implementing different levels of automation with promising trails taking place simultaneously but it was during late 1980s where the first self-sufficient and truly fully autonomous car appeared on the road. The implementation of autonomous vehicle technology is used in different aspects of traffic and transportation engineering to study and deal with specific outcomes to advance the research on this technology further into complete practical application. Intersections where traffic from the minor street entering the major has always been a serious cause of congestion, queue, delays and safety concern. In this research, it is specifically studied and analyzed, the major difference an intersection can experience by including autonomous vehicles in the flow that prove to provide more gaps for the merging traffic from the minor street with absolutely zero interference to the existing traffic flow, maintaining higher safety throughout the operation. The A.V.'s were introduced in the major street as different percentages to study the increasing gaps created for the traffic in the minor as such. Besides explaining the theoretical approach to the application of this scenario, the described intersection was built as a model in VISSIM simulation software where programming part was done using VISSIM's API (Application programming interface) using the C++ Visual Studio and a connection to the VISSIM was accomplished through the C2X application that has its coding done in Python Script. The C2X is the application that enabled to control the speed and position of the A.V.'s so the logic could be built and studied. The simulation in VISSIM was run and the results showed improved delay time and queue length. The exact scenario was modelled in Synchro 5, a traffic simulation software, to study the percentage changes in the capacity and control delay. To summarize, there was a great improvement for the intersection study with the inclusion of A. V's for the betterment of effective traffic management. However, further research is always recommended to study and apply similar logics to model multiple intersections to enhance implementation.
Book Synopsis Fundamentals of Traffic Simulation by : Jaume Barceló
Download or read book Fundamentals of Traffic Simulation written by Jaume Barceló and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-01-06 with total page 450 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The increasing power of computer technologies, the evolution of software en- neering and the advent of the intelligent transport systems has prompted traf c simulation to become one of the most used approaches for traf c analysis in s- port of the design and evaluation of traf c systems. The ability of traf c simulation to emulate the time variability of traf c phenomena makes it a unique tool for capturing the complexity of traf c systems. In recent years, traf c simulation – and namely microscopic traf c simulation – has moved from the academic to the professional world. A wide variety of traf- c simulation software is currently available on the market and it is utilized by thousands of users, consultants, researchers and public agencies. Microscopic traf c simulation based on the emulation of traf c ows from the dynamics of individual vehicles is becoming one the most attractive approaches. However, traf c simulation still lacks a uni ed treatment. Dozens of papers on theory and applications are published in scienti c journals every year. A search of simulation-related papers and workshops through the proceedings of the last annual TRB meetings would support this assertion, as would a review of the minutes from speci cally dedicated meetings such as the International Symposiums on Traf c Simulation (Yokohama, 2002; Lausanne, 2006; Brisbane, 2008) or the International Workshops on Traf c Modeling and Simulation (Tucson, 2001; Barcelona, 2003; Sedona, 2005; Graz 2008). Yet, the only comprehensive treatment of the subject to be found so far is in the user’s manuals of various software products.
Book Synopsis Autonomous Driving by : Markus Maurer
Download or read book Autonomous Driving written by Markus Maurer and published by Springer. This book was released on 2016-05-21 with total page 698 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book takes a look at fully automated, autonomous vehicles and discusses many open questions: How can autonomous vehicles be integrated into the current transportation system with diverse users and human drivers? Where do automated vehicles fall under current legal frameworks? What risks are associated with automation and how will society respond to these risks? How will the marketplace react to automated vehicles and what changes may be necessary for companies? Experts from Germany and the United States define key societal, engineering, and mobility issues related to the automation of vehicles. They discuss the decisions programmers of automated vehicles must make to enable vehicles to perceive their environment, interact with other road users, and choose actions that may have ethical consequences. The authors further identify expectations and concerns that will form the basis for individual and societal acceptance of autonomous driving. While the safety benefits of such vehicles are tremendous, the authors demonstrate that these benefits will only be achieved if vehicles have an appropriate safety concept at the heart of their design. Realizing the potential of automated vehicles to reorganize traffic and transform mobility of people and goods requires similar care in the design of vehicles and networks. By covering all of these topics, the book aims to provide a current, comprehensive, and scientifically sound treatment of the emerging field of “autonomous driving".
Book Synopsis Multi-scale Signal-vehicle Coupled Control with Connected and Autonomous Vehicles by : Qiangqiang Guo
Download or read book Multi-scale Signal-vehicle Coupled Control with Connected and Autonomous Vehicles written by Qiangqiang Guo and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: With the rise of connected and autonomous vehicles (CAV) and vehicle-to-everything communication technologies, advanced urban traffic control (UTC) has been receiving increasing attention due to the abundant data and control freedom brought by the new techniques. The UTC is a multi-scale problem in both spatial and temporal domains. The goal of this study is to investigate the multi-scale UTC problems in the environment of CAVs. Firstly, we propose a general modeling and control framework for the multi-scale UTC problem and identify the key research needs. We then use this framework to explicitly model, analyze, and solve the two-scale signal-vehicle coupled control problem in the environment of single intersection with 100% CAV penetration, and demonstrate the performance of the proposed method using numerical experiments. Then, we extend the signal-vehicle coupled control algorithm to the environment of multiple intersections with mixed traffic flows of human driven vehicles and CAVs. Considering that for explicit model based methods, the computation burden increases with the size of the traffic network, we develop an imitation learning enhanced method to improve the algorithm efficiency. We conduct various numerical experiments to validate the performance of the proposed model-based and learning-enhanced algorithms.
Book Synopsis Simulation Approaches in Transportation Analysis by : Ryuichi Kitamura
Download or read book Simulation Approaches in Transportation Analysis written by Ryuichi Kitamura and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-03-10 with total page 406 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Simulation Approaches in Transportation Analysis: Recent Advances and Challenges presents the latest developments in transport simulation, including dynamic network simulation and micro-simulation of people’s movement in an urban area. It offers a collection of the major simulation models that are now in use throughout the world; it illustrates each model in detail, examines potential problems, and points to directions for future development. The reader will be able to understand the functioning, applicability, and usefulness of advanced transport simulation models. The material in this book will be of wide use to graduate students and practitioners as well as researchers in the transportation engineering and planning fields.
