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Impacts Of Large Scale Reforestation Programmes On Regional Climate Change
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Book Synopsis Impacts of Large-scale Reforestation Programmes on Regional Climate Change by : Lang Wang
Download or read book Impacts of Large-scale Reforestation Programmes on Regional Climate Change written by Lang Wang and published by . This book was released on 2015 with total page 291 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reforestation has been considered as a strategy for alleviating diverse environmental degradation problems and mitigating athropogenic global warming in recent years. The Loess Plateau. located in the northern part of China, is considered one of the world's most sensitive areas to global climate change. The plateau is located in the semi-arid transition zone and is characterized by complex topography. The primary aim of this research was to understand the local climate features and predict the potential impacts of the reforestation programme on the climate over the Loess Plateau.
Book Synopsis Deserts of Trees by : Adrian Barnett
Download or read book Deserts of Trees written by Adrian Barnett and published by . This book was released on 1992 with total page 72 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Afforestation and Reforestation: Drivers, Dynamics, and Impacts by : Jingfeng Xiao
Download or read book Afforestation and Reforestation: Drivers, Dynamics, and Impacts written by Jingfeng Xiao and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 194 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Afforestation/reforestation (or forestation) has been implemented worldwide as an effective measure towards sustainable ecosystem services and addresses global environmental problems such as climate change. The conversion of grasslands, croplands, shrublands, or bare lands to forests can dramatically alter forest water, energy, and carbon cycles and, thus, ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration, soil erosion control, and water quality improvement). Large-scale afforestation/reforestation is typically driven by policies and, in turn, can also have substantial socioeconomic impacts. To enable success, forestation endeavors require novel approaches that involve a series of complex processes and interdisciplinary sciences. For example, exotic or fast-growing tree species are often used to improve soil conditions of degraded lands or maximize productivity, and it often takes a long time to understand and quantify the consequences of such practices at watershed or regional scales. Maintaining the sustainability of man-made forests is becoming increasingly challenging under a changing environment and disturbance regime changes such as wildland fires, urbanization, drought, air pollution, climate change, and socioeconomic change. Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on case studies of the drivers, dynamics, and impacts of afforestation/reforestation at regional, national, or global scales. These new studies provide an update on the scientific advances related to forestation. This information is urgently needed by land managers and policy makers to better manage forest resources in today’s rapidly changing environments.
Book Synopsis Proceedings of the International Workshop on Large-Scale Reforestation by : Jack K. Winjum
Download or read book Proceedings of the International Workshop on Large-Scale Reforestation written by Jack K. Winjum and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 180 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin by : The BACC II Author Team
Download or read book Second Assessment of Climate Change for the Baltic Sea Basin written by The BACC II Author Team and published by Springer. This book was released on 2015-04-03 with total page 515 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is an update of the first BACC assessment, published in 2008. It offers new and updated scientific findings in regional climate research for the Baltic Sea basin. These include climate changes since the last glaciation (approx. 12,000 years ago), changes in the recent past (the last 200 years), climate projections up until 2100 using state-of-the-art regional climate models and an assessment of climate-change impacts on terrestrial, freshwater and marine ecosystems. There are dedicated new chapters on sea-level rise, coastal erosion and impacts on urban areas. A new set of chapters deals with possible causes of regional climate change along with the global effects of increased greenhouse gas concentrations, namely atmospheric aerosols and land-cover change. The evidence collected and presented in this book shows that the regional climate has already started to change and this is expected to continue. Projections of potential future climates show that the region will probably become considerably warmer and wetter in some parts, but dryer in others. Terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems have already shown adjustments to increased temperatures and are expected to undergo further changes in the near future. The BACC II Author Team consists of 141 scientists from 12 countries, covering various disciplines related to climate research and related impacts. BACC II is a project of the Baltic Earth research network and contributes to the World Climate Research Programme.
Book Synopsis Large-scale Forest Restoration by : David Lamb
Download or read book Large-scale Forest Restoration written by David Lamb and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-19 with total page 342 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landscapes are being degraded and simplified across the globe. This book explores how forest restoration might be carried out to increase landscape heterogeneity, improve ecological functioning and restore ecosystem services in such landscapes. It focuses on large, landscape-scale reforestation because that is the scale at which restoration is needed if many of the problems that have now developed are to be addressed. It also shows how large-scale forest restoration might improve human livelihoods as well as improve conservation outcomes. A number of governments have undertaken national reforestation programs in recent years; some have been more successful than others. The author reviews these to explore what type of reforestation should be used, where this should be carried out and how much should be done. For example, are the traditional industrial forms of reforestation necessarily the best to use in all situations? How can forest restoration be reconciled with the need for food security? And, are there spatial thresholds that must be exceeded to generate economic and environmental benefits? The book also examines the policy and institutional settings needed to encourage large-scale reforestation. This includes a discussion of the place for incentives to encourage landholders to undertake particular types of reforestation and to reforest particular locations. It also considers forms of governance that are likely to lead to an equitable sharing of the costs and benefits of forest restoration.
Book Synopsis Afforestation and Reforestation: Drivers, Dynamics, and Impacts by : Lu Hao
Download or read book Afforestation and Reforestation: Drivers, Dynamics, and Impacts written by Lu Hao and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 1 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Afforestation/reforestation (or forestation) has been implemented worldwide as an effective measure towards sustainable ecosystem services and addresses global environmental problems such as climate change. The conversion of grasslands, croplands, shrublands, or bare lands to forests can dramatically alter forest water, energy, and carbon cycles and, thus, ecosystem services (e.g., carbon sequestration, soil erosion control, and water quality improvement). Large-scale afforestation/reforestation is typically driven by policies and, in turn, can also have substantial socioeconomic impacts. To enable success, forestation endeavors require novel approaches that involve a series of complex processes and interdisciplinary sciences. For example, exotic or fast-growing tree species are often used to improve soil conditions of degraded lands or maximize productivity, and it often takes a long time to understand and quantify the consequences of such practices at watershed or regional scales. Maintaining the sustainability of man-made forests is becoming increasingly challenging under a changing environment and disturbance regime changes such as wildland fires, urbanization, drought, air pollution, climate change, and socioeconomic change. Therefore, this Special Issue focuses on case studies of the drivers, dynamics, and impacts of afforestation/reforestation at regional, national, or global scales. These new studies provide an update on the scientific advances related to forestation. This information is urgently needed by land managers and policy makers to better manage forest resources in today's rapidly changing environments.
Book Synopsis Forest Tree Population Response to Climate Variability and Climate Change by : Zihaohan Sang
Download or read book Forest Tree Population Response to Climate Variability and Climate Change written by Zihaohan Sang and published by . This book was released on 2022 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This dissertation aims to quantify the sensitivity and adaptive capacity of forest tree species to climate change in Canada and North America, with applications of guiding sustainable forest management through case studies focusing on Alberta. The general idea is that management interventions should focus on ecosystems, species or populations that are most likely to experience stress or mortality, or alternatively to focus on new forest management opportunities associated with warming climate conditions at high latitudes. The research addresses several specific problems at different spatial scales. The research starts at the broadest scale, for North America, with a remote-sensing based vulnerability assessment of forest ecosystems to historical droughts. One of the most striking findings was a very high spatial diversity of vegetation response to historical climate variability. Broad continental patterns of vegetation response are readily apparent and conform to expectations, with southern interior ecosystems being limited by water availability and boreal populations limited by short growing seasons. However, within these broad geographic trends in growth response, finer scale (and often contradictory) response patterns emerge. For example, across the western boreal forest local patches show populations restricted in growth by warm summer temperatures and drought. Next, a species-specific analysis investigates the adaptive capacity of an important boreal forest tree species, white spruce, using dendrochronological analysis. Results showed evidence for population differentiation in resistance and recovery parameters, but provenances conformed to approximately the same growth rates under drought conditions and had similar resilience metrics. The lack of populations with better growth rates under drought conditions is contrary to expectations for a wide-ranging species with distinct regional climate and we provide a counter example for drought tolerance traits, where assisted migration prescriptions may be ineffective to mitigate climate change impacts. An analysis of population response in the context of climatic conditions across Canada supports the view that northeastern Canada will provide a refugium for white spruce under climate change, while the species is sensitive to growth reductions under climate change in the western boreal. In a case study for Alberta, a comprehensive series of genetic test plantations was analyzed to determine the optimal climate niche of selected planting stock. The results suggest that seed transfers can improve growth in some cases. However, the climate change vector does not always align with geographic gradients, which makes finding well adapted seed sources difficult or impossible. This issue may partially be addressed by relying on additional silvicultural adaptation options to address climate change. The case study provides a methodological template of how jurisdictions can determine feasibility as well as magnitude and direction of assisted migration prescriptions to adapt their reforestation programs to new planting environments. When assisted migration is used to address climate change, tree seedlings may have to be moved to substantially colder environments in anticipation of climate warming over their life span. To assess the risk associated with moving planting stock north or to higher elevation, a climatic assessment of frost risk associated with assisted migration was performed. The results indicate that late spring and early fall frost risks do not change significantly for transfers toward the north. In contrast, moving planting stock toward higher elevation generally leads to a substantial increase in exposure to unseasonal frosts. In conclusion, transfers toward the north are preferable to transfers up in elevation in reforestation for the most important commercial tree species in western Canada that were evaluated in this study. Lastly, the research explores how results may be translated to management prescriptions through an on-line seed selection tool for forest managers to identify the overall best planting stock for a reforestation site, synthesizing multiple criteria including vulnerability, adaptive capacity and growth of species and genotypes.
Book Synopsis Climate Change Forests and Forest Management: An Overview by : William M. Ciesta
Download or read book Climate Change Forests and Forest Management: An Overview written by William M. Ciesta and published by Daya Books. This book was released on 1998 with total page 154 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This publication presents a review of the current state of knowledge of global climate change, as it applies to forest and forest management, in question and answer format. It addresses the dynamic nature of the earth s climate, the greenhouse effect, predicted effects of climate change, the global carbon cycle, trees and forests as sources and sinks of carbon, possible effects of climate change on forests, means of helping forests adapt to climate change and how forests can mitigate predicted effects of climate change. Contents: Chapter 1: The Earth s Climate: A Dynamics Entity; How Are Weather and Climate Defines?, To What Extent Has the Earth s Climate Changed During the Course of Geologic History?, What Changes Have Occured in the Earth s Climate Since the Beginning of Recorded Human History?, What Factors Can Cause Changes in the Earth s Climate?, Chapter 2: The Greenhouse Effect; What is the Greenhouse Effect and How Does it Influence the Earth s Climate?, Which Gases are Considered to be GHGS and What are the Sources of These Gases?, What is the Significance of Human Sources of GHGS?, Do All GHGS have an Equal Warming Effect?, What Evidence Exists to Support the Idea that GHG Levels in the Atmosphere are Increasing?, Which Countries Presentaly Make the Greatest Contribution to Elevated Levels of GHGS?, How Can Aerosols Counteract the Effects of GHGS, Chapter 3: Predicted Changes in the Earth s Climate and Expected Effects; In General, What are the Predicted Effects of Increased Levels of GHGS on the Earth s Climate?, How are Changes in the Earth s Climate Predicted?, How Reliable are Present Predictions of Climate Change?, What Changes in Climate are Predicted with a Doubling of CO2 from Pre-Industrial Revolution Levels?, Is the Climate of Some Regions of the World Expected to Change to a Greater Degree than Others?, What Changes in the Levle of the Oceans are Expected Due to Climate Change?, How Will Plants, Including Trees, be Influenced by Changes in the Levels of GHGS in the Earth s Atmosphere and Resultant Changes in Temperature and Precipitation?, How Might Soils be Affected by Changes in Climate?, Is There Any Evidence Which Indicates That Climate Changes May Have Already Occurred Due to Increase in GHG Levels?, Chapter 4: The Global Carbon Cycle; What Processes Exist for the Exchange of Carbon Between the Atmosphere, the Oceans and the Land?, How are Exchanges of Carbon Expressed?, What is the Present Levle of Carbon Exchange Between the Atmosphere, the Oceans and the Land?, Chapter 5: Trees and Forests as Sources and Sinks of Carbon; How Much of the Earth s Surface is Presently Covered by Forests and Other Woody Vegetation?, What Processes Occur in Trees and Forests Which Contribute to Changes in Levels of GHGS in the Earth s Atmosphere?, How Much Carbon is Released and How Much is Taken up Annually by Forests?, Do Different Forest Ecosystems Vary in their Capacity to Absorb and Store Carbon?, Do Trees and Forests Remove Carbon from the Earth s Atmosphere at Different Rates During Different Stages in their Lives?, Which Human Activities in Forests and Woodlands Contribute to Increases in the Levels of GHGS?, What are the Current Rates of Deforestation in the World s Forests?, How are Forest Soils Affected by Deforestation?, Chapter 6: Possible Effects of Climate Change on Forests; What Changes in Growth and Yield of Trees and Forests Can be Expected as a Result of Climate Change?, What Changes Can be Expected in the Natural Ranges of Tree Species and Plant Communities Due to Climate Change?, What is the Likelihood that Climate Change Could Threaten Some Species or Plant Communities with Extinction?, How Might Climate Change Influence the Incidence and Intensity of Wildfires?, What are the Expected Effects of Climate Change on Forest Health Including Susceptibility to Pests and Disease or Decline?, Chapter 7: Helping Forests Adapt to Climate Change; How Can we Respond to Predicted Climate Change?, Do Natural Processes Exist Which Can Help Trees and Forests Adapt to a Changing Climate?, How Can Forest Management Help Forests Adapt to Climate Change?, What Can be Done to Help Forests Adapt to Increased Hazards of Wildfire and (or) Pest and Disease Outbreaks Which Could Result from Climate Change?, Chapter 8: The Role Forests in Mitigating the Effects of Climate Change; What Opportunities Do Forests and Forest Management Offer for Mitigating the Effects of Predicted Climate Change?, What Features Should Characterize Actions Taken to Mitigate Potential Effects of Climate Change?, What Additional Research is Needed to More Fully Understand the Potential Effects of Climate Change on Trees and Forests and Forestry and to Develop Adaptation and Mitigation Tactics?, Do International Agreements Exist Which Encourage Development and Protection of Forests to Enhance their Ability to Mitigate the Effects of Climate Change?, How Can the Tropical Forests action Programme (TFAP) Assist in Developing Forest Sector Programmes to Help Mitigate Effects of Climate Change?, Chapter 8A: Reducing Sources of Greenhouse Gases; What Actions Can be Taken to Reduce the Current Rates of Tropical Deforestation and How Might this Affect Emissions of GHGS from Forests?, What Can be Done to Reduce the Frequency and Scale of Forests and Savanna Woodland Consumed by Biomass Burnning?, How Can Increasing the Efficiency of Burning Fuel Wood and Other Biofuels Reduce Emissions of GHGS?, How Cane Use of Wood and Other Biofuels in Place of Fossil Fuels Help Reduce the Levels of GHGS in the Atmosphere?, How Can More Efficient Timber Harvesting Operations Reduce Emissions of GHGS from Forests?, Chapter 8B: Maintaining Existing Sinks of Greenhouse Gases; How Can Management and Conservation of Natural Forests Enhance their Capacity to Fix and Store Carbon?, What Uses of Forests and Forest Products are Most Desirable the Standpoint of Long Term Carbon Storage?, Chapter 8C: Expanding Sinks of Greenhouse Gases; How Much Carbon Can be Fixed in Wood and Soil on a Per Hectare Basis in Forest Plantations in Boreal, Temperate and Tropical Zones?, How Much Additional Area of Forest Plantations Would be Required to Fully Offset Present Annual Increases in GHG Levels from All Sources?, To What Extent are Suitable Lands Available for Afforestation and Reforestation? Where are They?, Other Than Availability of Land, What Other Constraints are there to Large Scale Afforestation Initiatives?, What Assistance is Available to Support Afforestation and Reforestation, Particularly at the International Level?, How Can Agroforestry and Urban Tree Plantings Contribute to the Mitigation of Climate Change?, Is the Planting of Trees Solely for CO2 Absorption a Sound Policy Considering Other Needs for Available Land?, What Forest Policies Should be Considered at the Country Level to Address the Threat of Climate Change?
Book Synopsis Forest Restoration in Landscapes by : Stephanie Mansourian
Download or read book Forest Restoration in Landscapes written by Stephanie Mansourian and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2006-02-23 with total page 441 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book, published in cooperation with WWF International, integrates the restoration of forest functions into landscape conservation plans. The contents represent the collective body of knowledge and experience of WWF and its many partners - collected here for the first time. This guide will serve as a first stop for practitioners and researchers in many organizations and regions, and as a key reference on the subject.
Book Synopsis Large-scale Forest Restoration by : David Lamb
Download or read book Large-scale Forest Restoration written by David Lamb and published by Routledge. This book was released on 2014-09-19 with total page 320 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Landscapes are being degraded and simplified across the globe. This book explores how forest restoration might be carried out to increase landscape heterogeneity, improve ecological functioning and restore ecosystem services in such landscapes. It focuses on large, landscape-scale reforestation because that is the scale at which restoration is needed if many of the problems that have now developed are to be addressed. It also shows how large-scale forest restoration might improve human livelihoods as well as improve conservation outcomes. A number of governments have undertaken national reforestation programs in recent years; some have been more successful than others. The author reviews these to explore what type of reforestation should be used, where this should be carried out and how much should be done. For example, are the traditional industrial forms of reforestation necessarily the best to use in all situations? How can forest restoration be reconciled with the need for food security? And, are there spatial thresholds that must be exceeded to generate economic and environmental benefits? The book also examines the policy and institutional settings needed to encourage large-scale reforestation. This includes a discussion of the place for incentives to encourage landholders to undertake particular types of reforestation and to reforest particular locations. It also considers forms of governance that are likely to lead to an equitable sharing of the costs and benefits of forest restoration.
Book Synopsis Multivariate Time Series Analysis in Climate and Environmental Research by : Zhihua Zhang
Download or read book Multivariate Time Series Analysis in Climate and Environmental Research written by Zhihua Zhang and published by Springer. This book was released on 2017-11-09 with total page 293 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book offers comprehensive information on the theory, models and algorithms involved in state-of-the-art multivariate time series analysis and highlights several of the latest research advances in climate and environmental science. The main topics addressed include Multivariate Time-Frequency Analysis, Artificial Neural Networks, Stochastic Modeling and Optimization, Spectral Analysis, Global Climate Change, Regional Climate Change, Ecosystem and Carbon Cycle, Paleoclimate, and Strategies for Climate Change Mitigation. The self-contained guide will be of great value to researchers and advanced students from a wide range of disciplines: those from Meteorology, Climatology, Oceanography, the Earth Sciences and Environmental Science will be introduced to various advanced tools for analyzing multivariate data, greatly facilitating their research, while those from Applied Mathematics, Statistics, Physics, and the Computer Sciences will learn how to use these multivariate time series analysis tools to approach climate and environmental topics.
Book Synopsis Environmental Effects of Afforestation in North-Western Europe by : Gerrit W. Heil
Download or read book Environmental Effects of Afforestation in North-Western Europe written by Gerrit W. Heil and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2007-06-03 with total page 324 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book sets out a series of techniques that have been developed to estimate the environmental impact of afforestation. It offers guidelines and decision support systems (DSS) to enable national and international policy makers as well as forest managers to maximize the benefits and minimize the adverse effects of afforestation. This book summarizes afforestation research and shows the application of the developed decision support system.
Book Synopsis Restoration of Boreal and Temperate Forests by : John A. Stanturf
Download or read book Restoration of Boreal and Temperate Forests written by John A. Stanturf and published by CRC Press. This book was released on 2015-08-14 with total page 552 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Humans have influenced the landscapes and forests throughout the temperate and boreal zones for millennia. Restoration of Boreal and Temperate Forests, Second Edition focuses on the negative impact of human activity, and explains the importance of forest restoration as a way to repair habitat, restore forest structure and function, and counteract t
Download or read book Climate Change written by Johan Eliasch and published by TSO. This book was released on 2008 with total page 278 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Provides an analysis of international financing to reduce forest loss and its associated impacts on climate change. Focuses on the scale of finance required to produce significant reductions in forest carbon emissions, and the mechanisms that, if designed well, can achieve effectively to help meet a global climate stabilization target.
Book Synopsis Climate Intervention by : National Research Council
Download or read book Climate Intervention written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2015-06-17 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The signals are everywhere that our planet is experiencing significant climate change. It is clear that we need to reduce the emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases from our atmosphere if we want to avoid greatly increased risk of damage from climate change. Aggressively pursuing a program of emissions abatement or mitigation will show results over a timescale of many decades. How do we actively remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere to make a bigger difference more quickly? As one of a two-book report, this volume of Climate Intervention discusses CDR, the carbon dioxide removal of greenhouse gas emissions from the atmosphere and sequestration of it in perpetuity. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration introduces possible CDR approaches and then discusses them in depth. Land management practices, such as low-till agriculture, reforestation and afforestation, ocean iron fertilization, and land-and-ocean-based accelerated weathering, could amplify the rates of processes that are already occurring as part of the natural carbon cycle. Other CDR approaches, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and sequestration, direct air capture and sequestration, and traditional carbon capture and sequestration, seek to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and dispose of it by pumping it underground at high pressure. This book looks at the pros and cons of these options and estimates possible rates of removal and total amounts that might be removed via these methods. With whatever portfolio of technologies the transition is achieved, eliminating the carbon dioxide emissions from the global energy and transportation systems will pose an enormous technical, economic, and social challenge that will likely take decades of concerted effort to achieve. Climate Intervention: Carbon Dioxide Removal and Reliable Sequestration will help to better understand the potential cost and performance of CDR strategies to inform debate and decision making as we work to stabilize and reduce atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide.
Book Synopsis Earth System Impact of Historical and Future Reforestation by : Alexander Koch
Download or read book Earth System Impact of Historical and Future Reforestation written by Alexander Koch and published by . This book was released on 2019 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Both aggressive mitigation strategies and negative emission technologies are required to limit global warming to 2 â—¦ C. Tropical forest restoration is widely seen as a potential way to achieve negative emissions. Yet its maximum potential and the carbon cycle response to it have not been quantified. This PhD starts by looking at the only comparable large scale reforestation event in human history - the cessation of agriculture caused by the epidemics-driven deaths of 90 % of the indigenous population of the Americas after 1492 CE. I quantify the magnitude of vegetation regrowth and carbon uptake after European arrival in the Americas (55.8 million ha and 7.4 Pg C respectively) based on published population, land use, and biomass estimates. This is compared to the observed changes in climate and the carbon cycle at the time. Given the uncertainty in the observations, a series of idealised experiments are performed with an Earth System Model (CESM). These show a high sensitivity of the carbon cycle impact to the land use reconstruction used and that factorial forcing experiments would be required to conclusively determine the impact of the 1492 CE land use change. To better understand the Earth system response to large scale tropical forest restoration such an experiment is performed with a state-of-the-art Earth System Model. An experiment where all land use in the tropics (1,815 million ha) is rapidly stopped under an aggressive mitigation scenario (RCP 2.6) is performed with HadGEM2-ES. The resulting secondary succession results in a small CO2 (âˆ1⠄49.5 ppm) reduction by 2100 CE, but does not translate to a detectable decline in global temperature. Furthermore, negative carbon cycle feedbacks offset 65% of the benefits from terrestrial carbon uptake. I conclude that reforestation alone is insufficient to provide the substantial negative emissions.
