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Impacts Of Cross Connections In North American Water Supplies
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Book Synopsis Impacts of Cross-Connections in North American Water Supplies by : J. Lee
Download or read book Impacts of Cross-Connections in North American Water Supplies written by J. Lee and published by IWA Publishing. This book was released on 2004-01-01 with total page 228 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: For many years, cross-connections and backflow have been well understood. Programs to prevent unhealthy situations from happening have been in place for many years. However, a general and extensive study on their impacts, types of programs, incidents, and financial repercussions has not been conducted. Many computer models for steady state or quasi-steady state simulation exist, but applications for transient state simulation, especially demonstrating backflow incidents, have rarely been done.The first objective of this project was to assess the impacts, financial and otherwise, of cross-connections and cross-connection control in North American water supplies and to North American water purveyors. The project team also planned to create and use a computer model to simulate and demonstrate hydraulic changes in the transient state.Of the over 700 utilities surveyed, 91% were found to have a cross-connection control program. Survey data indicated 65% of cross-connections were indirect and 35% were direct. Sudden changes of water demands in piping networks can cause sub-atmospheric pressures within the systems resulting in backflow incidents. Systems with larger variances in ground elevations have the greater possibility of creating sub-atmospheric pressures as water demands in the systems change.Originally published by AwwaRF for its subscribers in 2003 This publication can also be purchased and downloaded via Pay Per View on Water Intelligence Online - click on the Pay Per View icon below
Book Synopsis Drinking Water Distribution Systems by : National Research Council
Download or read book Drinking Water Distribution Systems written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2006-12-22 with total page 404 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Protecting and maintaining water distributions systems is crucial to ensuring high quality drinking water. Distribution systems-consisting of pipes, pumps, valves, storage tanks, reservoirs, meters, fittings, and other hydraulic appurtenances-carry drinking water from a centralized treatment plant or well supplies to consumers' taps. Spanning almost 1 million miles in the United States, distribution systems represent the vast majority of physical infrastructure for water supplies, and thus constitute the primary management challenge from both an operational and public health standpoint. Recent data on waterborne disease outbreaks suggest that distribution systems remain a source of contamination that has yet to be fully addressed. This report evaluates approaches for risk characterization and recent data, and it identifies a variety of strategies that could be considered to reduce the risks posed by water-quality deteriorating events in distribution systems. Particular attention is given to backflow events via cross connections, the potential for contamination of the distribution system during construction and repair activities, maintenance of storage facilities, and the role of premise plumbing in public health risk. The report also identifies advances in detection, monitoring and modeling, analytical methods, and research and development opportunities that will enable the water supply industry to further reduce risks associated with drinking water distribution systems.
Book Synopsis Development of Distribution System Water Quality Optimization Plans by : Melinda J. Friedman
Download or read book Development of Distribution System Water Quality Optimization Plans written by Melinda J. Friedman and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2005 with total page 256 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: CD-ROM contains chapter 4 and appendices A & B.
Book Synopsis Susceptibility of Distribution Systems to Negative Pressure Transients by : Kala K. Fleming
Download or read book Susceptibility of Distribution Systems to Negative Pressure Transients written by Kala K. Fleming and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2006 with total page 140 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Low or negative pressure transients (also called surge or water hammer) create temporary opportunities for external chemical and microbial contaminants at higher pressure to enter the water distribution system, creating potential health hazard and potential weakening of distribution pipes, leading to failure. This study investigates how such events as power outages, pump shutdowns, valve operations, main flushing, firefighting, and main breaks can create significant rapid, temporary drops in system pressure. The report offers useful recommendations for using surge models to optimally locate pressure monitors and to minimize the occurrence and impact from low- and negative-pressure transients.
Book Synopsis Application of HACCP for Distribution System Protection by : Kathy Martel
Download or read book Application of HACCP for Distribution System Protection written by Kathy Martel and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 2006 with total page 172 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this project was to evaluate the application of the Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system, a risk management tool, to better protect water quality in distribution systems. BACKGROUND: HACCP was first conceived in 1959 by the Pillsbury Company to improve food safety for NASA & rsquo;s manned space missions. Since the 1980s, HACCP has been widely adopted by the food and beverage industry worldwide, where it forms an important part of their food safety plans. Since the mid-1990s, HACCP has been applied by a number of individual drinking water systems and has been incorporated into many drinking water regulatory requirements and guidelines around the globe. HIGHLIGHTS: Project pilot studies illustrated that HACCP can be applied to water distribution systems, but time and resource requirements were greater than anticipated. Project case studies showed that most utilities that achieved HACCP certification had first implemented ISO 9001 and ISO 14001 or similar systems to gain management control of people and processes. The case study utilities operated one integrated management system including the ISO systems as well as HACCP to avoid duplication of tasks, reduce staff time and costs, and improve process integration. All case study utilities believed that, overall, the benefits of the HACCP system outweighed the costs.
Book Synopsis Global Issues in Water, Sanitation, and Health by : Institute of Medicine
Download or read book Global Issues in Water, Sanitation, and Health written by Institute of Medicine and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-10-25 with total page 328 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As the human population grows-tripling in the past century while, simultaneously, quadrupling its demand for water-Earth's finite freshwater supplies are increasingly strained, and also increasingly contaminated by domestic, agricultural, and industrial wastes. Today, approximately one-third of the world's population lives in areas with scarce water resources. Nearly one billion people currently lack access to an adequate water supply, and more than twice as many lack access to basic sanitation services. It is projected that by 2025 water scarcity will affect nearly two-thirds of all people on the planet. Recognizing that water availability, water quality, and sanitation are fundamental issues underlying infectious disease emergence and spread, the Institute of Medicine held a two-day public workshop, summarized in this volume. Through invited presentations and discussions, participants explored global and local connections between water, sanitation, and health; the spectrum of water-related disease transmission processes as they inform intervention design; lessons learned from water-related disease outbreaks; vulnerabilities in water and sanitation infrastructure in both industrialized and developing countries; and opportunities to improve water and sanitation infrastructure so as to reduce the risk of water-related infectious disease.
Book Synopsis Impacts of Cross-connections in North American Water Supplies by :
Download or read book Impacts of Cross-connections in North American Water Supplies written by and published by . This book was released on 2003 with total page 209 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 192 by : George Ware
Download or read book Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 192 written by George Ware and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2008-02-01 with total page 212 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book publishes detailed scientific review articles on all aspects of environmental contamination and associated toxicological consequences. The book will facilitate the task of accessing and interpreting cogent scientific data. It is likely to be of interest to researchers, resource managers, and policy administrators.
Book Synopsis Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune by : National Research Council
Download or read book Contaminated Water Supplies at Camp Lejeune written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2009-09-06 with total page 338 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: In the early 1980s, two water-supply systems on the Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune in North Carolina were found to be contaminated with the industrial solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PCE). The water systems were supplied by the Tarawa Terrace and Hadnot Point watertreatment plants, which served enlisted-family housing, barracks for unmarried service personnel, base administrative offices, schools, and recreational areas. The Hadnot Point water system also served the base hospital and an industrial area and supplied water to housing on the Holcomb Boulevard water system (full-time until 1972 and periodically thereafter). This book examines what is known about the contamination of the water supplies at Camp Lejeune and whether the contamination can be linked to any adverse health outcomes in former residents and workers at the base.
Book Synopsis Water Reuse by : National Research Council
Download or read book Water Reuse written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2012-07-17 with total page 276 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Expanding water reuse-the use of treated wastewater for beneficial purposes including irrigation, industrial uses, and drinking water augmentation-could significantly increase the nation's total available water resources. Water Reuse presents a portfolio of treatment options available to mitigate water quality issues in reclaimed water along with new analysis suggesting that the risk of exposure to certain microbial and chemical contaminants from drinking reclaimed water does not appear to be any higher than the risk experienced in at least some current drinking water treatment systems, and may be orders of magnitude lower. This report recommends adjustments to the federal regulatory framework that could enhance public health protection for both planned and unplanned (or de facto) reuse and increase public confidence in water reuse.
Book Synopsis Impact of Wet-Pipe Fire Sprinkler Systems on Drinking Water Quality by : Steven J. Duranceau
Download or read book Impact of Wet-Pipe Fire Sprinkler Systems on Drinking Water Quality written by Steven J. Duranceau and published by American Water Works Association. This book was released on 1998 with total page 426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Author :American Water Works Association Publisher :McGraw Hill Professional ISBN 13 :0071630104 Total Pages :1696 pages Book Rating :4.0/5 (716 download)
Book Synopsis Water Quality & Treatment: A Handbook on Drinking Water by : American Water Works Association
Download or read book Water Quality & Treatment: A Handbook on Drinking Water written by American Water Works Association and published by McGraw Hill Professional. This book was released on 2010-12-06 with total page 1696 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The definitive water quality and treatment resource--fully revised and updated Comprehensive, current, and written by leading experts, Water Quality & Treatment: A Handbook on Drinking Water, Sixth Edition covers state-of-the-art technologies and methods for water treatment and quality control. Significant revisions and new material in this edition reflect the latest advances and critical topics in water supply and treatment. Presented by the American Water Works Association, this is the leading source of authoritative information on drinking water quality and treatment. NEW CHAPTERS ON: Chemical principles, source water composition, and watershed protection Natural treatment systems Water reuse for drinking water augmentation Ultraviolet light processes Formation and control of disinfection by-products DETAILED COVERAGE OF: Drinking water standards, regulations, goals, and health effects Hydraulic characteristics of water treatment reactors Gas-liquid processes and chemical oxidation Coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and flotation Granular media and membrane filtration Ion exchange and adsorption of inorganic contaminants Precipitation, coprecipitation, and precipitative softening Adsorption of organic compounds by activated carbon Chemical disinfection Internal corrosion and deposition control Microbiological quality control in distribution systems Water treatment plant residuals management
Book Synopsis Journal of the American Water Works Association by : American Water Works Association
Download or read book Journal of the American Water Works Association written by American Water Works Association and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 836 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Vols. for 2012- contain only executive summaries of articles.
Book Synopsis Public Health Engineering Abstracts by : United States. Public Health Service
Download or read book Public Health Engineering Abstracts written by United States. Public Health Service and published by . This book was released on 1925 with total page 964 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book Book Review Index written by and published by . This book was released on 2006 with total page 1426 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Every 3rd issue is a quarterly cumulation.
Book Synopsis Selected Water Resources Abstracts by :
Download or read book Selected Water Resources Abstracts written by and published by . This book was released on 1991 with total page 808 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Guide to Ship Sanitation 3rd Edition by :
Download or read book Guide to Ship Sanitation 3rd Edition written by and published by . This book was released on 2011 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: The third edition of the Guide to Ship Sanitation presents the public health significance of ships in terms of disease and highlights the importance of applying appropriate control measures. It is intended to be a basis for the development of national approaches to controlling the hazards, providing a framework for policy-making and local decision-making. It may also be used as a reference for regulators, ship operators and ship builders as well as for assessing the potential health impact of projects involving the design of ships.
