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Impacts Of Climate Change On Soil Microorganisms In Northern Hardwood Forests
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Book Synopsis Impacts of Climate Change on Soil Microorganisms in Northern Hardwood Forests by : Carley Jane Kratz
Download or read book Impacts of Climate Change on Soil Microorganisms in Northern Hardwood Forests written by Carley Jane Kratz and published by . This book was released on 2014 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: As global climate continues to change, it becomes more important to understand possible feedbacks from soils to the climate system. This dissertation focuses on soil microbial community responses to climate change factors in northern hardwood forests. Two soil warming experiments at Harvard Forest in Massachusetts, and a climate change manipulation experiment with both elevated temperature and increased moisture inputs in Michigan were sampled. The hyphal in-growth bag method was to understand how soil fungal biomass and respiration respond to climate change factors. Our results from phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analyses suggest that the hyphal in-growth bag method allows relatively pure samples of fungal hyphae to be partitioned from bacteria in the soil. The contribution of fungal hyphal respiration to soil respiration was examined in climate change manipulation experiments in Massachusetts and Michigan. The Harvard Forest soil warming experiments in Massachusetts are long-term studies with 8 and 18 years of +5 °C warming treatment. Hyphal respiration and biomass production tended to decrease with soil warming at Harvard Forest. This suggests that fungal hyphae adjust to higher temperatures by decreasing the amount of carbon respired and the amount of carbon stored in biomass. The Ford Forestry Center experiment in Michigan has a 2 x 2 fully factorial design with warming (+4-5 °C) and moisture addition (+30% average ambient growing season precipitation). This experiment was used to examine hyphal growth and respiration of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), soil enzymatic capacity, microbial biomass and microbial community structure in the soil over two years of experimental treatment. Results from the hyphal in-growth bag study indicate that AMF hyphal growth and respiration respond negatively to drought. Soil enzyme activities tend to be higher in heated versus unheated soils. There were significant temporal variations in enzyme activity and microbial biomass estimates. When microbial biomass was estimated using chloroform fumigation extractions there were no differences between experimental treatments and the control. When PLFA analyses were used to estimate microbial biomass we found that biomass responds negatively to higher temperatures and positively to moisture addition. This pattern was present for both bacteria and fungi. More information on the quality and composition of the organic matter and nutrients in soils from climate change manipulation experiments will allow us to gain a more thorough understanding of the mechanisms driving the patterns reported here. The information presented here will improve current soil carbon and nitrogen cycling models.
Book Synopsis Belowground Carbon Dynamics in Northern Hardwood Forests by : Gregory P. Zogg
Download or read book Belowground Carbon Dynamics in Northern Hardwood Forests written by Gregory P. Zogg and published by . This book was released on 1997 with total page 182 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Microbes in the Limelight by : Bhavya Sridhar
Download or read book Microbes in the Limelight written by Bhavya Sridhar and published by . This book was released on 2020 with total page 221 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soils hold more carbon (C) than the atmosphere and vegetation combined. This pool of C may be a source or a sink to the atmosphere depending on the microbial mediators of detrital decomposition. However, we are just beginning to discover the identities and ecological functions of the vast majority of uncultivated soil taxa. Edaphic variables like soil pH often govern microbial community composition. In this dissertation, I explore how manipulating soil pH through liming affects microbial community composition and decomposition in acidic northern hardwood forest soils. In Chapter 1, I investigate changes in decomposition and bacterial and fungal community composition in limed forested subcatchments where soil C stocks had accumulated over two decades. Liming altered bacterial and fungal composition, decreasing the relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic fungi as well as actinomycetes that were correlated with lignocellulolytic enzyme activity. In Chapter 2, I compare liming-induced shifts in bacterial and fungal community structure and activity between a short- and long-term liming experiment in northern hardwood forests of the Adirondacks to elucidate the role of pH. Within two years of liming a majority of taxa responded similarly to the long-term site. Connecting microbial structure and function directly through stable isotope probing in Chapter 3, I prove that limed bacterial and fungal communities metabolize leaf litter C differently than in control acidic soils. This dissertation bridges scales ranging from ecosystem processes to individual microbial taxon function, connecting the structure of microbial communities to their function in ecosystem C-cycling. The impact of climate change, the most urgent problem of the Anthropocene, will depend heavily on understanding the responses of soil microorganisms.
Book Synopsis Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions by : Richard V. Pouyat
Download or read book Forest and Rangeland Soils of the United States Under Changing Conditions written by Richard V. Pouyat and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2020-09-02 with total page 306 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This open access book synthesizes leading-edge science and management information about forest and rangeland soils of the United States. It offers ways to better understand changing conditions and their impacts on soils, and explores directions that positively affect the future of forest and rangeland soil health. This book outlines soil processes and identifies the research needed to manage forest and rangeland soils in the United States. Chapters give an overview of the state of forest and rangeland soils research in the Nation, including multi-decadal programs (chapter 1), then summarizes various human-caused and natural impacts and their effects on soil carbon, hydrology, biogeochemistry, and biological diversity (chapters 2–5). Other chapters look at the effects of changing conditions on forest soils in wetland and urban settings (chapters 6–7). Impacts include: climate change, severe wildfires, invasive species, pests and diseases, pollution, and land use change. Chapter 8 considers approaches to maintaining or regaining forest and rangeland soil health in the face of these varied impacts. Mapping, monitoring, and data sharing are discussed in chapter 9 as ways to leverage scientific and human resources to address soil health at scales from the landscape to the individual parcel (monitoring networks, data sharing Web sites, and educational soils-centered programs are tabulated in appendix B). Chapter 10 highlights opportunities for deepening our understanding of soils and for sustaining long-term ecosystem health and appendix C summarizes research needs. Nine regional summaries (appendix A) offer a more detailed look at forest and rangeland soils in the United States and its Affiliates.
Book Synopsis Climate Change and the Microbiome by : D. K. Choudhary
Download or read book Climate Change and the Microbiome written by D. K. Choudhary and published by Springer Nature. This book was released on 2021-10-13 with total page 737 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book highlights the impact of climate change on the soil microbiome and its subsequent effects on plant health, soil-plant dynamics, and the ecosphere. It also discusses emerging ideas to counteract these effects, e.g., through agricultural applications of functional microbes, to ensure a sustainable ecosystem. Climate change is altering the soil microbiome distributions and thus the interactions in microbiome and plant‐soil microorganism. Improvement of our understanding of microbe-microbe and plant-microbe interaction under changing climatic conditions is essential, because the overall impact of these interactions under varying adverse environmental conditions is lacking. This book has been designed to understand the impact of climate change, i.e., mainly salt and drought stress, on the soil microbiome and its impact on plant, yield, and the ecosphere. The book is organized into four parts: The first part reviews the impact of climate change on the diversity and richness of the soil microbiome. The second part addresses effects of climate change on plant health. The third part discusses effects on soil-plant dynamics and functionality, e.g., soil productivity. The final part deals with the effects of climate change on ecosystem functioning and also discusses potential solutions. The book will appeal to students and researchers working in the area of soil science, agriculture, molecular biology, plant physiology, and biotechnology.
Book Synopsis Climate Change Impacts on Soil Microbial Community Structure and Function in Temperate Forests by : Katy Jane Faulkner
Download or read book Climate Change Impacts on Soil Microbial Community Structure and Function in Temperate Forests written by Katy Jane Faulkner and published by . This book was released on 2023 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis The Collembola of Fennoscandia and Denmark, Part II: Entomobryomorpha and Symphypleona by : Arne Fjellberg
Download or read book The Collembola of Fennoscandia and Denmark, Part II: Entomobryomorpha and Symphypleona written by Arne Fjellberg and published by BRILL. This book was released on 2007-08-31 with total page 272 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This volume completes the survey of the ca. 400 species of springtails, which can be found in Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, the Faroes and the Arctic Islands and includes the sections Entomobryomorpha and Symphypleona. The first volume, published in 1998, covered Poduromorpha. Identification keys and full descriptions of the species are richly illustrated by line drawings. Photos are provided for some species displaying characteristic patterns of pigmentation. New diagnostic characters, including sensillary chaetotaxy and details of the mouth apparatus, are introduced. With the appearence of this book soil scientists and the interested amateur have now a modern tool to identify all species of Nordic springtails. In addition the habitat preferences and geographical distribuition are summarised. The book will be of general interest to everyone working on springtail identification.
Book Synopsis Effects of Nitrogen and Shosphorus Addition on Soil Respiration in Northern Hardwood Forests by : Shiyi Li
Download or read book Effects of Nitrogen and Shosphorus Addition on Soil Respiration in Northern Hardwood Forests written by Shiyi Li and published by . This book was released on 2018 with total page 56 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Soil respiration - the CO2 efflux from the forest soil surface - is an important indicator of root and microbial activity and is sensitive to global changes such as climate warming, anthropogenic nitrogen deposition and elevated atmospheric CO2. I evaluated the response of total soil respiration (TSR) to changes in soil nutrient availability in temperate deciduous forests in New Hampshire. Low-level N (3 g/m2/year), P (1 g/m2/year) or N + P have been applied annually to thirteen northern hardwood stands of different age and site quality since 2011. My analysis of TSR for 2013, 2014, 2016, and 2017 confirmed the overall suppression effect of N addition across these stands (p
Book Synopsis Functional Shifts of Soil Microbial Communities Due to Nitrate Deposition on a Northern Hardwood Forest by : Stephen D. LeDuc
Download or read book Functional Shifts of Soil Microbial Communities Due to Nitrate Deposition on a Northern Hardwood Forest written by Stephen D. LeDuc and published by . This book was released on 2000 with total page 33 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Download or read book The Rhizosphere written by Zoe G. Cardon and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2011-04-28 with total page 235 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Below the soil surface, the rhizosphere is the dynamic interface among plant roots, soil microbes and fauna, and the soil itself, where biological as well as physico-chemical properties differ radically from those of bulk soil. The Rhizosphere is the first ecologically-focused book that explicitly establishes the links from extraordinarily small-scale processes in the rhizosphere to larger-scale belowground patterns and processes. This book includes chapters that emphasize the effects of rhizosphere biology on long-term soil development, agro-ecosystem management and responses of ecosystems to global change. Overall, the volume seeks to spur development of cross-scale links for understanding belowground function in varied natural and managed ecosystems. First cross-scale ecologically-focused integration of information at the frontier of root, microbial, and soil faunal biology Establishes the links from extraordinarily small-scale processes in the rhizosphere to larger-scale belowground patterns and processes Includes valuable information on ecosystem response to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and enhanced global nitrogen deposition Chapters written by a variety of experts, including soil scientists, microbial and soil faunal ecologists, and plant biologists
Book Synopsis The Collembola of Fennoscandia and Denmark by : Arne Fjellberg
Download or read book The Collembola of Fennoscandia and Denmark written by Arne Fjellberg and published by BRILL. This book was released on 1998 with total page 192 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A reference work containing richly illustrated descriptions and identification keys to the 161 Nordic species of the springtails of the section Poduromorpha, as well as summarising their known distribution and habitat preferences. Several new taxa are described.
Book Synopsis The Impacts of Climate Change on Ontario's Forests by : Stephen J. Colombo
Download or read book The Impacts of Climate Change on Ontario's Forests written by Stephen J. Colombo and published by . This book was released on 1998 with total page 60 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Reviews literature concerning the effects of global climate change on forest plants and communities, and provides opinions on the potential impacts that climate change may have on Ontario forests. Sections of the review discuss the following: the climate of Ontario in the 21st century as predicted by climate models; forest hydrology in relation to climate change; insects and climate change; impacts on fungi in the forest ecosystem; impacts on forest fires and their management; plant physiological responses; genetic implications of climate change; forest vegetation dynamics; the use of models in global climate change studies; and forest management responses to climate change.
Book Synopsis Soil Health and Climate Change by : Bhupinder Pal Singh
Download or read book Soil Health and Climate Change written by Bhupinder Pal Singh and published by Springer Science & Business Media. This book was released on 2011-07-24 with total page 399 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: “Soil Health and Climate Change” presents a comprehensive overview of the concept of soil health, including the significance of key soil attributes and management of soil health in conventional and emerging land use systems in the context of climate change. Starting with a review of the physical, chemical and biological indicators of soil health and their significance for monitoring the impacts of climate change, this book then focuses on describing the role of soil structure, pH, organic matter, nitrogen, respiration and biota in sustaining the basic functions of soil ecosystems, and their anticipated responses to climate change. Further topics include the management of cropping, pastoral, and forestry systems, and rehabilitated mine sites, with a focus on mitigation of and adaptation to climate change impacts. Finally, the opportunities and potential risks of organic farming, biochar and bioenergy systems, and their ability to sustain and even enhance soil health, are discussed.
Book Synopsis Seasonal Patterns of Microbial, Biomass and Nitrogen Mineralization in Northern Hardwood Forests by : William E. Holmes
Download or read book Seasonal Patterns of Microbial, Biomass and Nitrogen Mineralization in Northern Hardwood Forests written by William E. Holmes and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 53 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Forest Soil Respiration under Climate Changing by : Robert Jandl
Download or read book Forest Soil Respiration under Climate Changing written by Robert Jandl and published by MDPI. This book was released on 2018-10-09 with total page 188 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: This book is a printed edition of the Special Issue "Forest Soil Respiration under Climate Changing" that was published in Forests
Book Synopsis Ecosystem Consequences of Soil Warming by : Jacqueline E. Mohan
Download or read book Ecosystem Consequences of Soil Warming written by Jacqueline E. Mohan and published by Academic Press. This book was released on 2019-04-27 with total page 592 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Ecosystem Consequences of Soil Warming: Microbes, Vegetation, Fauna and Soil Biogeochemistry focuses on biotic and biogeochemical responses to warmer soils including plant and microbial evolution. It covers various field settings, such as arctic tundra; alpine meadows; temperate, tropical and subalpine forests; drylands; and grassland ecosystems. Information integrates multiple natural science disciplines, providing a holistic, integrative approach that will help readers understand and forecast future planetwide responses to soil warming. Students and educators will find this book informative for understanding biotic and biogeochemical responses to changing climatic conditions. Scientists from a wide range of disciplines, including soil scientists, ecologists, geneticists, as well as molecular, evolutionary and conservation biologists, will find this book a valuable resource in understanding and planning for warmer climate conditions. Emphasizes biological components of soils, plants and microbes that provide linkages to physics and chemistry Brings together chapters written by global scientific experts with interests in communication and education Includes coverage of polar, alpine, tropical, temperate and dryland ecosystems
Book Synopsis Carbon Resources and PH as Controls of Microbial and Microarthropod Communities in a Northern Hardwood Forest by : Will R. Kessler
Download or read book Carbon Resources and PH as Controls of Microbial and Microarthropod Communities in a Northern Hardwood Forest written by Will R. Kessler and published by . This book was released on 2002 with total page 64 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
