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Impact Of Feeding And Lighting Regimes On Factors Affecting Onset Of Sexual Maturity In Broiler Breeder Pullets As Measured Using Invasive And Non Invasive Techniques
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Author :Valerie Louise Carney Publisher :Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International ISBN 13 : Total Pages :118 pages Book Rating :4.E/5 ( download)
Book Synopsis Impact of Feeding and Lighting Regimes on Factors Affecting Onset of Sexual Maturity in Broiler Breeder Pullets as Measured Using Invasive and Non-invasive Techniques by : Valerie Louise Carney
Download or read book Impact of Feeding and Lighting Regimes on Factors Affecting Onset of Sexual Maturity in Broiler Breeder Pullets as Measured Using Invasive and Non-invasive Techniques written by Valerie Louise Carney and published by Ann Arbor, Mich. : University Microfilms International. This book was released on 2003 with total page 118 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Reproductive Performance of Broiler Breeder Females Reared Under Differing Photoperiod and Restricted Feeding Programs by : Hyginus Igwebike Chukwu
Download or read book Reproductive Performance of Broiler Breeder Females Reared Under Differing Photoperiod and Restricted Feeding Programs written by Hyginus Igwebike Chukwu and published by . This book was released on 1993 with total page 178 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Five hundred and forty day-old broiler breeder females were used to study the effects of three lighting and three feeding regimens during the brooding and rearing periods on adult performance of two strains of broiler breeder females. Feeding program significantly affected body weight from 8 to 23 weeks of age. Feeding program during the rearing period did not affect body weight at 40 weeks of age. Light schedules had no effect on body weight during the rearing or reproductive periods. Strain X gained significantly more body weight from 2 to 18 weeks of age than strain Y. Strain Y exhibited compensatory growth during the reproductive period. The birds fed 115% of control feed had significantly better survivability than the control and the underfed groups to 23 weeks of age. There was no evidence of feeding program x strain or lighting schedule x strain interactions for percent mortality in this study. Rearing feeding program had no effect on mean age at sexual maturity. The birds reached sexual maturity, 50% production, and peak production at the ages recommended by the foundation breeders. Rearing lighting program significantly influenced sexual maturity of the hens. Strain Y reached 50% production at an earlier age than strain X; and also laid an average of 8 eggs more than strain X during the four periods of production. The control group had significantly lower percent fertility than either the 85% or 115% groups. There was no lighting program x strain, or feeding program x strain interaction effects observed among the treatments. Both lighting schedule and feeding program significantly influenced percent hatch of fertile eggs. Neither the rearing feeding program nor the rearing lighting schedules significantly influenced adult mortality. Rearing feeding program significantly affected the weight of the digestive organs and the fat-pads. Light schedules, feeding program, and strain significantly affected organ weights. There were no feed by light, light by strain, or feed by light by strain interactions affecting organ weight.
Book Synopsis The Relation of Lysine Level During the Growing Period to Sexual Maturity and Subsequent Performance of Broiler-breeders by : Jack Harman Trammell
Download or read book The Relation of Lysine Level During the Growing Period to Sexual Maturity and Subsequent Performance of Broiler-breeders written by Jack Harman Trammell and published by . This book was released on 1969 with total page 186 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Sexual Maturity and Performance of White Leghorn Pullets Subjected to Intermittent Watering, Lighting Regimes, and Nutrient Restrictions by : Robert James Spiller
Download or read book Sexual Maturity and Performance of White Leghorn Pullets Subjected to Intermittent Watering, Lighting Regimes, and Nutrient Restrictions written by Robert James Spiller and published by . This book was released on 1975 with total page 388 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A series of 8 experiments was conducted to investigate various methods of delaying the sexual maturity of developing White Leghorn (W.L.) pullets grown during a period of increasing day length and to control the feed intake of W.L. layers. In the first five experiments W.L. pullets were fed low-lysine (0.54%) and low-protein (10.36%) developer rations from 8 to 20, and 8 to 20 or 12 to 20 weeks of age, respectively. Other groups were subjected to watering regimes in which water was cycling on 24 hr.--off 24 hr. and on 24 hr.--off 48 hr. from 8 to 20, and 8 to 20, 12 to 20, or 14 to 20 weeks of age, respectively. Additional groups were reared using two lighting programs; the first featured a gradual decline of 15 min./week in the day length from 0 to 22 weeks of age. The second provided a constant amount of light from 0 to 12 weeks of age, a sudden 5-hr. drop at 12 weeks, and then a constant level from 12 to 20 weeks of age. In Exp. 6 to 8, W.L. layers were provided water concurrent with light (15.0--16.25 hr./day), 15 min. each hour, three or five 15-min. periods/day or two 2-hr. periods per day. An additional group had access to feed for two 2-hr. periods per day. The low-lysine developer had no effect on body weights, sexual maturity, or feed intake during the growing period. These pullets tended to lay fewer, but heavier, eggs during 40 weeks of lay. Cannibalism tended to be higher in the pullets fed low lysine. Feeding the low-protein developer from 8 or 12 to 20 weeks of age resulted in significantly lower body weights and feed consumption in the developing period. Fed from 8 to 20 weeks of age, this diet led to 14 and 11-day delays in reaching 25 and 50% production, respectively. Lay house performance was satisfactory in three of four comparisons, but brooder house mortality was slightly higher in pullets fed the low-protein diets. Providing water every other day after 8 weeks of age did not significantly alter feed intake, body weights, or sexual maturity. Feed intake in the subsequent lay period was significantly lower for dwarf W.L. pullets, but unaffected in normal W.L. pullets. Hen-day production tended to be slightly lower and lay house mortality slightly higher for these pullets. Providing water every third day from 8, 12, or 14 to 20 weeks of age significantly reduced body weights and feed intake, and delayed 25 and 50% production. The degree of growth retardation was proportional to the duration of the water restriction regime. These pullets tended to lay at a higher rate, require less feed per egg, and lay larger eggs. Pullets subjected to either of the lighting programs ate more and were heavier in the first 12 weeks of life, but consumed less from 12 to 20 weeks and weighed less than the control group at 20 weeks of age. Both lighting programs increased average egg weights in the laying period. A 5-hr. light reduction at 12 weeks of age delayed 25 and 50% production as much as 11 and 14 days, respectively. There were no significant differences in egg production, feed per hen-day, per egg, or per gram of egg. Providing hens two 2-hr. or three 15-min. waterings after 5 months of lay significantly reduced egg production, reduced feed intake and weight gain, but had no effect on average egg weights. When the three 15-minute regime was initiated prior to lay, egg production was not altered, but feed per hen-day, per egg and per gram of egg, and average egg weight were reduced by 3.0, 11.0, 0.1, and 2.6 g., respectively. The number of large eggs was significantly reduced. Egg production tended to be higher when pullets were provided five 15-min. waterings each day. No adverse effects were observed on average egg weights or mortality. In two comparisons, feed per henday, per egg, and per gram of egg were reduced by 0.3 and 3.0, 7.7 and 9.0, and 0.14 and 0.17 g., respectively. Providing layers water 15 min. each hour had no effect on egg production, feed intake, or weight gain during lay. In one comparison egg size was significantly increased and the number of medium eggs significantly reduced. These hens required slightly less feed to produce a gram of egg. Providing laying hens two 2-hr. feedings significantly reduced egg production and weight gain during lay, reduced egg mass per henday, increased mortality, but had no effect on average egg weights. Feed per hen-day was decreased by 4.7 g., but feed per egg and per gram of egg were increased by 3.9 and 0.07 g., respectively.
Book Synopsis Sexual Maturity and Performance of Broiler Breeders as Affected by Age of Initiation and Type of Lighting Program by : Alexis Teguia
Download or read book Sexual Maturity and Performance of Broiler Breeders as Affected by Age of Initiation and Type of Lighting Program written by Alexis Teguia and published by . This book was released on 1987 with total page 144 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract.
Book Synopsis The Effects of Nutrition and Feed Programs on Reproductive Performance and Fertility of Broiler Breeders by : Tara Joan Walsh
Download or read book The Effects of Nutrition and Feed Programs on Reproductive Performance and Fertility of Broiler Breeders written by Tara Joan Walsh and published by . This book was released on 1996 with total page 252 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Effects of Daytime and Supplemental Light Spectrum on Broiler Breeder Growth and Sexual Maturation by : Adriana Rodriguez
Download or read book Effects of Daytime and Supplemental Light Spectrum on Broiler Breeder Growth and Sexual Maturation written by Adriana Rodriguez and published by . This book was released on 2017 with total page pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: ABSTRACT EFFECTS OF DAYTIME AND SUPPLEMENTAL LIGHT SPECTRUM ON BROILER BREEDER GROWTH AND SEXUAL MATURATION Adriana Rodriguez Advisor: University of Guelph, 2017 Professor G.Y. Bédécarrats As body weight is critical for successful reproduction in broiler breeders, a precision feeding system was developed to automatically allocate feed to individuals based on real-time measurements. However, to be commercially applicable it requires continuous illumination and, since green and red lights have been shown to stimulate growth and reproduction, respectively, this study aimed at determining which wavelength and intensity could be provided as feeder supplemental lighting without negatively impacting production. Furthermore, the interactions between daytime and supplemental light spectrums were investigated. Results show green daytime light promoted early growth and hens under red daytime light produced more eggs during early lay. Supplemental red light triggered a delay in sexual maturation in an intensity dependent manner which resulted in heavier hens at first egg. In conclusion, constant red supplemental light should not be used for broiler breeder precision feeding systems while a red daytime light may promote early egg production.
Book Synopsis Model Code of Practice for the Welfare of Animals by : Pisc
Download or read book Model Code of Practice for the Welfare of Animals written by Pisc and published by CSIRO PUBLISHING. This book was released on 2002 with total page 50 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Animal welfare considerations are becoming increasingly important for the keeping and farming of animals, both in Australia and internationally. Practices that may have once been deemed acceptable are now being reassessed in light of new knowledge and changing attitudes. The minimum standards outlined in this Code are intended to help people involved in the care and management of poultry to adopt standards of husbandry that are acceptable. Special requirements for various species are given in the appendices. This Code of Practice is intended as a guide for people responsible for the welfare and husbandry of domestic poultry. It recognizes that the basic requirement for welfare of poultry is a husbandry system appropriate to their physiological and behavioral needs. The Code emphasizes that--whatever the form of husbandry--managers, employees and all others responsible for the day-to-day needs of domestic poultry have a responsibility to care for poultry under their control.
Book Synopsis Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals by : National Research Council
Download or read book Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals written by National Research Council and published by National Academies Press. This book was released on 2011-01-27 with total page 246 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been updated by a committee of experts, taking into consideration input from the scientific and laboratory animal communities and the public at large. The Guide incorporates new scientific information on common laboratory animals, including aquatic species, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal use: Key concepts of animal care and use. The Guide sets the framework for the humane care and use of laboratory animals. Animal care and use program. The Guide discusses the concept of a broad Program of Animal Care and Use, including roles and responsibilities of the Institutional Official, Attending Veterinarian and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Animal environment, husbandry, and management. A chapter on this topic is now divided into sections on terrestrial and aquatic animals and provides recommendations for housing and environment, husbandry, behavioral and population management, and more. Veterinary care. The Guide discusses veterinary care and the responsibilities of the Attending Veterinarian. It includes recommendations on animal procurement and transportation, preventive medicine (including animal biosecurity), and clinical care and management. The Guide addresses distress and pain recognition and relief, and issues surrounding euthanasia. Physical plant. The Guide identifies design issues, providing construction guidelines for functional areas; considerations such as drainage, vibration and noise control, and environmental monitoring; and specialized facilities for animal housing and research needs. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities. This updated and expanded resource of proven value will be important to scientists and researchers, veterinarians, animal care personnel, facilities managers, institutional administrators, policy makers involved in research issues, and animal welfare advocates.
Book Synopsis Livestock's Long Shadow by : Henning Steinfeld
Download or read book Livestock's Long Shadow written by Henning Steinfeld and published by Food & Agriculture Org.. This book was released on 2006 with total page 418 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: "The assessment builds on the work of the Livestock, Environment and Development (LEAD) Initiative"--Pref.
Book Synopsis Intermittent fasting in chickens by : Caroline Lindholm
Download or read book Intermittent fasting in chickens written by Caroline Lindholm and published by Linköping University Electronic Press. This book was released on 2019-10-16 with total page 57 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Broiler breeder chickens are the parent stock used to produce broiler chickens raised for human consumption and have long been caught in a welfare dilemma. The immensely successful selection of fast-growing meat-type chickens over the last 80 years has created a remarkably efficient meat-producer and given us access to cheap chicken meat but has also created health problems for the animals. These problems especially affect the breeder generation, which must be raised with strict feed restriction to limit weight gain and thus maintain physical health and normal fertility. At the same time, however, feed restriction causes chronic hunger and feeding frustration with reduced animal welfare as a result. In the EU alone 60 million breeders are affected annually and although the problem is well-known within the industry, there is financial incentive to keep selecting for even higher growth potential in broilers, further increasing the problems for broiler breeders. Many strategies for reducing the impact of growth restriction on breeder welfare have been suggested and are usually aimed at somehow increasing the amount of feed given at feeding times. This can be done either through adding bulky fibers to the diet or by reducing feeding frequency. In this thesis, focus is on the latter as we explore the effects of intermittent fasting (IF) on the welfare of young broiler breeders as well as wild-type Red Junglefowl. Intermittent fasting, or “skip-a-day” feeding, is supposedly the most common feeding strategy for broiler breeders worldwide but is perceived as welfare-reducing and thus illegal in Sweden and several other European countries. In spite of this, the scientific knowledge of how this type of feeding affects chicken welfare is scarce. Assessing the overall effect of IF on breeder welfare is complicated by large variations in both physiological and behavioral parameters between feeding and fasting days, but it does appear that chicken welfare is improved at least on the feeding days of IF regimens. It also seems that some of the health benefits reported from mammalian studies of IF may apply to chickens as well, although behavioral indicators still point to welfare issues unless the level of feed restriction can be relaxed. In comparison with daily feed restriction, IF appears to increase the motivation for feed consumption but to reduce the motivation for appetitive behaviors such as foraging, which may explain why birds fed on this type of schedule are often reported as calmer.
Download or read book Bibliography of Agriculture written by and published by . This book was released on 1999 with total page 788 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt:
Book Synopsis Poultry Meat Processing and Quality by : G Mead
Download or read book Poultry Meat Processing and Quality written by G Mead and published by Elsevier. This book was released on 2004-06-01 with total page 405 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Poultry products are universally popular and in recent years the consumption of poultry meat has risen dramatically. To ensure the continued growth and competitiveness of this industry, it is essential that poultry meat quality and safety are maintained during production and processing. This important collection provides an authoritative review of the key issues affecting poultry meat quality in production and processing. The book begins by establishing consumer requirements for meat quality, before examining the influence of breeding and husbandry, and techniques for stunning and slaughter of poultry. Chapters 5 and 6 look at primary and secondary processing and Chapters 7, 8 and 9 discuss packaging, refrigeration and other preservation techniques. There are also chapters on microbial hazards and chemical residues in poultry. Quality management issues are reviewed in the final group of chapters, including shelf-life and spoilage, measuring quality parameters and ways of maintaining safety and maximising quality. Poultry meat processing and quality is an essential reference book for technical managers in the Poultry Industry and anyone engaged in teaching or research on poultry meat production. An essential reference for the entire poultry meat industry Reviews the key issues affecting poultry meat quality in production and processing Extensive analysis of poultry meat safety issues
Download or read book Edible Insects written by Arnold van Huis and published by Bright Sparks. This book was released on 2013 with total page 0 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Edible insects have always been a part of human diets, but in some societies there remains a degree of disdain and disgust for their consumption. Although the majority of consumed insects are gathered in forest habitats, mass-rearing systems are being developed in many countries. Insects offer a significant opportunity to merge traditional knowledge and modern science to improve human food security worldwide. This publication describes the contribution of insects to food security and examines future prospects for raising insects at a commercial scale to improve food and feed production, diversify diets, and support livelihoods in both developing and developed countries. It shows the many traditional and potential new uses of insects for direct human consumption and the opportunities for and constraints to farming them for food and feed. It examines the body of research on issues such as insect nutrition and food safety, the use of insects as animal feed, and the processing and preservation of insects and their products. It highlights the need to develop a regulatory framework to govern the use of insects for food security. And it presents case studies and examples from around the world. Edible insects are a promising alternative to the conventional production of meat, either for direct human consumption or for indirect use as feedstock. To fully realise this potential, much work needs to be done by a wide range of stakeholders. This publication will boost awareness of the many valuable roles that insects play in sustaining nature and human life, and it will stimulate debate on the expansion of the use of insects as food and feed.
Book Synopsis The Behavioural Biology of Chickens by : Christine J Nicol
Download or read book The Behavioural Biology of Chickens written by Christine J Nicol and published by CABI. This book was released on 2015-05-28 with total page 202 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Chickens are by far the world’s most widely farmed animal, kept for both meat and egg production. They are at the centre of many debates regarding housing and production systems, causing significant interest in what lies behind chicken behaviour. This accessible book covers sensory biology, behavioural development, preferences and aversions, social behaviour, learning and cognition, behavioural issues in different systems and solutions for behavioural problems. Authored by an authority on chicken ethology, it brings together the fields of animal behaviour, neuroscience, psychology and epidemiology to provide a comprehensive understanding of chicken behaviour and help improve the lives of farmed chickens around the world.
Book Synopsis Broiler Breeder Production by : S. Leeson
Download or read book Broiler Breeder Production written by S. Leeson and published by Nottingham University Press. This book was released on 2010-04-01 with total page 339 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: A comprehensive review of all aspects of commercial production systems, this book provides an up-to-date look at all aspects of broiler breeder production and management, starting with specialized genetic programs as developed by the primary breeders and ending with two chapters on very practical, hands-on aspects of breeder management, including extensive coverage of health management, feeding systems, environmental control, lighting programs and all aspects of male and female reproduction. Recognizing the diversity of management systems worldwide, the authors have included breeders in both temperate and warm climates and also for controlled environment vs.curtain-sided housing systems. This unique publication is an essential reference for all professionals involved in broiler breeder production.
Book Synopsis Energy Metabolism in Animals and Man by : Sir Kenneth Lyon Blaxter
Download or read book Energy Metabolism in Animals and Man written by Sir Kenneth Lyon Blaxter and published by CUP Archive. This book was released on 1989-06-29 with total page 356 pages. Available in PDF, EPUB and Kindle. Book excerpt: Abstract: This book discusses the factors which affect the heat produced by animals and man and the ways in which the energy of the organic components of their diets are used to support growth and reproduction. The general thermodynamic principles are considered in addition to the physical principles related to heat loss by radiation, convection, conduction and evaporation of water. Major parts of the book deal with the minimal or basal production of heat, with the heat produced during muscular work and as a result of physiological reactions to the climatic environment. The test is intended for undergraduates and postgraduates who are studying energy metabolism in the context of zoology, agriculture, ecology, or medicine.
